Thyrotoxicosis graves ophthalmopathy. Medical search. Frequent questions

Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies. (medscape.com)
With the exception of TSH-induced hyperthyroidism, subnormal or suppressed TSH levels are seen in most patients with thyrotoxicosis. (medscape.com)
Although any form of hyperthyroidism could potentially lead to TPP, Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of TPP (GD/TPP) [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). (medlineplus.gov)
Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. (medlineplus.gov)
Hyperthyroidism is the most prevalent cause of thyrotoxicosis but a relatively rare condition in children. (medscape.com)
In children and adolescents, the symptoms of Graves disease, such as hyperthyroidism, may appear insidiously over months. (medscape.com)
Patients with Graves disease often have more marked symptoms than patients with thyrotoxicosis from other causes, because thyroid hormone levels usually are the highest with this form of hyperthyroidism. (medscape.com)
Subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as a low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with normal free thyroxine (FT 4 ) and free triiodothyronine (FT 3 ) levels, is associated with no or minimal clinical symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. (medscape.com)
Graves' disease is a syndrome that classically comprises hyperthyroidism with a diffuse goitre, eye disease characterized by inflammation and involvement of intra-orbital structures, dermopathy referred to as pretibial myxoedema, and rare involvement of the nails, fingers and long bones known as acropachy. (capsulehealth.one)
[3] In approximately 20% of ophthalmopathy patients, ophthalmopathy appears before the onset of hyperthyroidism , in about 40% concurrently, and in about 20% in the six months after diagnosis. (eyeplastic.com)
It can frequently be difficult to distinguish between eye symptoms due to hyperthyroidism and those due to Graves' antibodies, not in the least because the two often occur coincidently. (eyeplastic.com)
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease where the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones (a serious metabolic imbalance known as hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis). (superchanceltd.com)
Graves' disease is a thyroid disorder characterized by goiter, exophthalmos, "orange-peel" skin, and hyperthyroidism.It is caused by an antibody-mediated auto-immune reaction, but the trigger for this reaction is still unknown. (superchanceltd.com)
Graves' disease is a leading cause of hyperthyroidism. (superchanceltd.com)
Graves' disease is the cause of about 50% to 80% of the cases of hyperthyroidism in the United States. (superchanceltd.com)
Upload media Wikipedia: Instance of: disease: Subclass of: hyperthyroidism: Named after: Robert James Graves (Graves' disease) Karl Adolph von … Although a number of disorders may result in hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease is a common cause. (superchanceltd.com)
Graves' ophthalmopathy is potentially sight threatening eye disease generally occurring in patients with hyperthyroidism or a history of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease . (standardofcare.com)
Graves' ophthalmopathy, thyroid dermopathy, and hyperthyroidism arise from a single underlying systemic process with variable expression. (standardofcare.com)
Graves' ophthalmopathy occasionally may precede or follow hyperthyroidism by years (Wiersing WM et al). (standardofcare.com)
Ophthalmopathy may also occur before the onset of hyperthyroidism or as late as 20 years afterward and frequently worsens or abates independently of the clinical course of hyperthyroidism. (msdmanuals.com)
Radioiodine therapy (RIT) is frequently used as the definitive treatment in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism when remissi. (nel.edu)
Hyperthyroid Support is specifically designed for those suffering from the debilitating symptoms of Graves Disease and Hyperthyroidism. (drchristianson.com)
Graves' disease more often afflicts patients younger than 60, but most hyperthyroid patients with toxic multinodular goiter are 40 years old or older and present what's called "apathetic hyperthyroidism," showing symptoms such as weight loss, a-fib, and depression, as well as a few other symptoms. (drchristianson.com)
Around 80% of known cases of hyperthyroidism are caused by Graves' disease, though other primary causes can include Plummer's disease (toxic multinodular goiter), toxic pituitary adenoma, and thyroiditis. (drchristianson.com)
Changes of TSH-Stimulation Blocking Antibody (TSBAb) and Thyroid Stimulating Antibody (TSAb) Over 10 Years in 34 TSBAb-Positive Patients with Hypothyroidism and in 98 TSAb-Positive Graves' Patients with Hyperthyroidism: Reevaluation of TSBAb and TSAb in TSH-Receptor-Antibody (TRAb)-Positive Patients. (thyroidpatients.ca)
Thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome resulting from excessive circulating thyroid hormones, secondary to hyperthyroidism or due to other causes. (scite.ai)
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder resulting in the excessive production of thyroid hormones and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children. (iap-kpj.org)
Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis is due to thyroid hormone excess. (5minuteconsult.com)
Not all thyrotoxicoses are secondary to hyperthyroidism. (5minuteconsult.com)
GD presents with hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopathy, and goiter. (5minuteconsult.com)
Hyperthyroidism, also called thyrotoxicosis, occurs when the thyroid gland is overactive and produces too much thyroid hormone. (alliancefamilycare.com)
Hyperthyroidism: Production and secretion of excess amounts of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland.Thyrotoxicosis: The hypermetabolic clinical syndrome which occurs when there are elevated serum levels of T3 and/or T4. (medicaldialogues.in)
Graves disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, accounting for more than 90% of cases in Korea. (e-jyms.org)
In the United States and the United Kingdom, the most common reason for having thyrotoxicosis is hyperthyroidism from Graves disease , a condition caused by antibodies to the thyroid gland. (medscape.com)
Treatments of Graves disease and toxic nodular hyperthyroidism are different: Antithyroid drugs may be effective for Graves disease but are not so effective for toxic nodular hyperthyroidism. (medscape.com)
An over-functioning thyroid gland can trigger hyperthyroidism - sometimes called thyrotoxicosis or overactive thyroid. (israelpharm.com)
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the U.S. is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder. (israelpharm.com)

1 Graves disease is characterized by a diffuse goiter, thyrotoxicosis, associated infiltrative ophthalmopathy, and sometimes infiltrative dermopathy. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
low serum TSH - Graves' disease (commonest) - Toxic adenoma - Toxic multi-nodular goiter - Iodine excess 2. (slideshare.net)
Although it is true that in most patients ophthalmopathy, goiter , and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis appear more or less coincidentally, it is also true that in certain cases eye signs may possibly appear long before thyrotoxicosis is evident, or become worse when the thyrotoxicosis is subsiding or has been controlled by treatment. (eyeplastic.com)
In addition to the typical symptoms of that condition, it also presents with goiter, mood disorders and a distinctive bulging of the eyes known as Graves' opthalmopathy. (superchanceltd.com)

Graves ophthalmopathy (also known as Graves orbitopathy) is shown below. (medscape.com)
Time to review the descriptions and eponymythology of the forgotten signs associated with Graves orbitopathy - the signs of Dalrymple, Stellwag, von Graefe, Möbius and Joffroy. (litfl.com)
Approximately half the patients with GD have ocular involvement, Graves' orbitopathy. (standardofcare.com)
Eye lid retraction, exophthalmos , extraocular muscle dysfunction, and ocular pain arethe most common manifestations of graves orbitopathy. (standardofcare.com)
Rare Co-occurrence of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis and Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy (Ophthalmopathy) in an Individual With Hypothyroidism. (thyroidpatients.ca)
There is no real agreement as to what we should do with smokers, because we know that they have an increased risk of developing Graves orbitopathy. (medscape.com)

Infiltrative dermopathy, also known as pretibial myxedema, is more commonly seen in patients with hypothyroidism or Hashimoto thyroiditis, or following iodine 131( 131 I) treatment for thyrotoxicosis. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Options for treatment of Graves dermopathy include high-dose topical corticosteroids, intralesional corticosteroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Pretibial myxedema, also known as localized myxedema or thyroid dermopathy, is an uncommon finding in autoimmune thyroid disease and most commonly affects those with Graves disease . (logicalimages.com)
The diagnosis of Graves disease often precedes the development of dermopathy by 1-2 years. (logicalimages.com)
Rarely, people with Graves' disease develop Graves' dermopathy, a skin condition characterized by red, swollen skin, usually on the shins and tops of the feet. (superchanceltd.com)
Schwartz K.M., Fatourechi V., Ahmed D.D.F., Pond G.R. Dermopathy of Graves' disease (pretibial myxedema): Long-term outcome. (rusmedserv.com)
Unrelated to excess thyroid hormone, Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and infiltrative dermopathy (localized or pretibial myxedema) only occur in GD. (brownmedpedsresidency.org)

Marius N. Stan, M.D., is primarily working in the area of autoimmune thyroid diseases, with a specific interest in Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy. (mayo.edu)
Graves disease , along with Hashimoto thyroiditis , is classified as an autoimmune thyroid disorder . (medscape.com)
In some patients, Graves disease represents a part of more extensive autoimmune processes leading to dysfunction of multiple organs (eg, polyglandular autoimmune syndromes ). (medscape.com)
Graves disease is associated with pernicious anemia , vitiligo , diabetes mellitus type 1 , autoimmune adrenal insufficiency , systemic sclerosis , myasthenia gravis , Sjögren syndrome , rheumatoid arthritis , and systemic lupus erythematosus . (medscape.com)
For example, Graves disease is an autoimmune disease, and patients often have a family history or past medical history of autoimmune disease (eg, rheumatoid arthritis, vitiligo, pernicious anemia). (medscape.com)
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones. (capsulehealth.one)
Graves disease: Autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. (litfl.com)
Autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto disease and Graves disease, is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration. (medscape.com)
Other autoimmune disease such as type 1 diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis also risks triggering graves disease. (superchanceltd.com)
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid. (superchanceltd.com)
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes your thyroid gland to create too much thyroid hormone. (superchanceltd.com)
It is not known what causes autoimmune illnesses like Graves' disease. (superchanceltd.com)
Graves' eye disease, also called Graves' Ophthalmopathy or Thyroid Eye disease, is a problem that usually develops in people with an overactive thyroid caused by Graves' disease (See brochure on Graves' disease).Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease caused by antibodies directed against receptors present in the thyroid cells and also on the surface of the cells behind the eyes. (superchanceltd.com)
Graves' ophthalmopathy, also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease may sometimes occur in patients with euthyroid or hypothyroid chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. (standardofcare.com)
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder in which your immune system produces antibodies that stimulate your gland to produce too much T4. (drchristianson.com)
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder resulting in the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor stimulating antibodies that bind and activate G Protein coupled TSH receptor to cause thyroid hormonogenesis and diffuse glandular growth. (iap-kpj.org)
Graves disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease resulting from both genetic and environmental factors. (e-jyms.org)
Allergies are a well-known trigger in the autoimmune hyperthyroid disorder Graves' disease. (elaine-moore.com)
However, protective immunity by the immune system has the potential for error, and in some autoimmune disorders such as Graves' disease, a decreased number of T-suppressor cells allows autoimmune reactions to proceed unchecked. (elaine-moore.com)

Dr. Stan's research aims to improve patients' quality of life after therapy with radioactive iodine for Graves' disease. (mayo.edu)
In Graves disease, the radioactive iodine uptake is increased, and the uptake is diffusely distributed over the entire gland. (medscape.com)
More definitive treatment modalities such as 131 I (radioactive iodine or RAI) and surgery (in the form of total thyroidectomy) are usually reserved for relapsed thyrotoxicosis after a trial of ATD [ 10 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
A number of compounds-including expectorants, amiodarone, iodinated contrast dyes, and health food supplements containing seaweed or thyroid gland extracts-contain large amounts of iodine that can induce thyrotoxicosis in a patient with thyroid autonomy. (medscape.com)
Rarely, iodine exposure can cause thyrotoxicosis in a patient with an apparently healthy thyroid. (medscape.com)
In order to establish the diagnosis, the guidelines recommend that we measure thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (the causative problem in Graves disease), do radioactive iodine uptake, or do an ultrasound scan. (medscape.com)
The third case was to highlight treatment of thyrotoxicosis with radioactive iodine. (medscape.com)

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a potentially life-threatening complication of Graves' disease (GD). (hindawi.com)
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of thyrotoxicosis characterized by muscle paralysis and serum hypokalemia due to massive shifting of potassium into the intracellular space [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

[ 2 ] Moreover, advances in cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 antibodies) have led to immune-related adverse effects, including problems affecting the thyroid glands (ie, thyroiditis [typically with a transient hyperthyroid phase followed by a permanent hypothyroid phase] and Graves disease). (medscape.com)
Kotsa K., Watson P.F., Weetman A.P. A CTLA-4 gene polymorphism is associated with both Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (rusmedserv.com)
Recurrent Thyrotoxicosis due to Both Graves' Disease and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in the Same Three Patients. (thyroidpatients.ca)

The role of antithyroglobulin, antiperoxidase and anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism (A two-center study). (nel.edu)

Toxic - Diffuse (Graves' disease) - Multi-nodular (Plummer's disease) - Solitary nodule 3. (slideshare.net)

Ophthalmopathy specifically involving exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeballs), 1 General. (superchanceltd.com)
The pathogenesis of infiltrative ophthalmopathy (responsible for the exophthalmos in Graves disease) is poorly understood but may result from immunoglobulins directed to the TSH receptors in the orbital fibroblasts and fat that result in release of proinflammatory cytokines, inflammation, and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. (msdmanuals.com)

A second area of interest is centered around drugs that alter thyroid function, mainly the thyroid excess caused by amiodarone (amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis). (mayo.edu)
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. (mayo.edu)

Varying degrees of manifestations of Graves ophthalmopathy. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] The clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis do not always correlate with the extent of the biochemical abnormality. (medscape.com)
2020) What are the dermatologic manifestations of Graves disease? (capsulehealth.one)
Graves' Disease and the Manifestations of Thyrotoxicosis. (capsulehealth.one)

Physical examination often can help the clinician to determine the etiology of thyrotoxicosis. (medscape.com)
For the first case, I wanted to highlight the importance of establishing the etiology of thyrotoxicosis. (medscape.com)

Bilateral erythematous infiltrative plaques on lower extremities in 42-year-old man with Graves disease are consistent with pretibial myxedema. (capsulehealth.one)

[ 1 ] in childhood accounts only for 1-5% of all patients with Graves disease but is the cause of more than 95% of cases of pediatric thyrotoxicosis. (medscape.com)
Graves Ophthalmopathy: constellation of findings, apparent in 25-50% of patients with Graves disease. (litfl.com)
While only present in 1%-5% of patients with Graves disease, it is the second most common extrathyroidal manifestation. (logicalimages.com)
In order to investigate the relationship between Graves disease, its associated ophthalmopathy and smoking, we followed retrospectively a group of 270 patients with Graves disease (233 females and 37 males). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
A family history of thyroid dysfunction is found in approximately half the patients with Graves' disease and the pathogenesis is strongly influenced by genetics. (standardofcare.com)
Studies have also shown that elevated IgE and eosinophil levels directly correlate with the severity of symptoms and the occurrence of relapses in patients with Graves' disease. (elaine-moore.com)
In studies of patients with Graves' disease and allergic rhinitis, a dramatic increase in TSH receptor antibodies is seen two months after an attack of allergic rhinitis. (elaine-moore.com)
Y Hidaka, N Amino, Recurrence of Thyrotoxicosis After Attack of Allergic Rhinitis in Patients with Graves' Disease, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1193 (77): 1667-1670. (elaine-moore.com)

The diagnosis of Graves disease should also be considered if any evidence of thyroid eye disease exists, including periorbital edema, diplopia, or proptosis. (medscape.com)
Technetium 99 scan confirmed diagnosis of Graves' disease. (iap-kpj.org)

the peak incidence of pediatric Graves disease occurs in children aged 11 to 15 years. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Graves thyrotoxicosis frequently occurs after delivery through immune rebound mechanism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Introduction: Thyroid ophthalmopathy occurs generally due to Graves disease. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Critically important Graves disease occurs in 25% of patients, however sub clinical involvement with extreme ocular muscle enlargement is seen radiographically it up to 70% of patients. (standardofcare.com)

This condition that can be quite debilitating and is caused by the antibodies that cause Graves disease. (medscape.com)
In Graves' disease, specific antibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) are produced. (israelpharm.com)

The treatment options for Graves' disease include antithyroid drugs, radioiodine therapy, and thyroidectomy. (capsulehealth.one)
Only a few cases were reported about ophthalmopathy in the years following a thyroidectomy and RAI therapy or metastatic papillary thyroid cancer.Case: A forty-six-year-old female patient was operated on for the fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) result of a suspicious follicular neoplasia. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Transient periods of thyrotoxicosis sometimes occur, and rarely full hyperthyroid Graves' disease with active ophthalmopathy. (igi-global.com)
A possible role of immunoglobulin E in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease. (rusmedserv.com)

Other clinical parameters including age, sex, past history, family history, thyroxine (T4) level, T3/T4 ratio, thyroid autoantibodies, staging of ophthalmopathy, responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test at the end of treatment, and whether combined treatment with thyroxine had no significant difference between the relapse and remission groups. (eduhk.hk)
Chazenbalk G.D., McLachlan S.M., Pichurin P., Yan X-M., Rapoport B. A prion-like shift between two conformational forms of a recombinant thyrotropin receptor receptor A-subunit module: Purification and stabilization using chemical chaperones of the form reactive with Graves' autoantibodies. (rusmedserv.com)

Graves' ophthalmopathy is characterized by inflammation of the extraocular muscles, orbital fat and connective tissue. (eyeplastic.com)
Graves' ophthalmopathy associated with periorbital and retro-orbital inflammation of fat, muscle, and connective tissue. (standardofcare.com)

They are graves disease wiki non-toxic efficiently. (superchanceltd.com)
The importance of the thyroid scan is that the low uptake states and Plummer's disease are treated differently from Graves' disease and toxic nodular goitre. (endocrinesurgeon.co.uk)

Several clinical factors, such as male sex, young age, high thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) levels, ophthalmopathy, and smoking, have been proposed as indicators of poor prognosis after ATD therapy [ 5 - 8 ]. (e-jyms.org)

However, these need to be distuingished from Graves' ophthalmopathy, which can only occur in patients who have Graves' disease. (eyeplastic.com)
Graves' disease usually affects people between ages 30 and 50, but can occur at any age. (superchanceltd.com)
With undiagnosed seasonal allergens, Graves' disease flares or relapses that tend to occur at the same time of year suggest an allergic event. (elaine-moore.com)

Thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical effects of unbound thyroid hormones, whether or not the thyroid gland is the primary source. (medscape.com)

To investigate the outcome of Graves' thyrotoxicosis after antithyroid drug management, data from 81 patients, treated in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei and Linkou from October 1981 to March 1990, were analyzed. (eduhk.hk)
d) patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis should be followed up for at least three years after withdrawal of antithyroid drug. (eduhk.hk)
Abstract.Purpose behind developing these guidelines: Over one decade ago, the "Guidelines for the Treatment of Graves' Disease with Antithyroid Drug, 2006" (Japan Thyroid Association (JTA)) were published as the standard drug therapy protocol for Graves' disease. (scite.ai)
The "Guidelines for the Treatment of Childhood-Onset Graves' Disease with Antithyroid Drug in Japan, 2008" were published to provide guidance on the treatment of pediatric patients. (scite.ai)
Based on new evidence, a revised version of the "Guidelines for the Treatment of Graves' Disease with Antithyroid Drug, 2006" (JTA) was published in 2011, combined with the "Handbook of Radioiodine Therapy for Graves' Disease 2007" (JTA). (scite.ai)
On the other hand, the "Guidelines for the Treatment of Graves' Disease with Antithyroid Drug, 2011" (JTA) state that radioiodine therapy is no longer considered a "fundamental contraindication" in children. (scite.ai)
Therefore, the "Guidelines for the Treatment of Childhood-Onset Graves' Disease with Antithyroid Drug in Japan, 2008" required revision. (scite.ai)

The most common clinical features of Graves' ophthalomopathy are upper eyelid retraction, edema, erythema of the periorbital tissues and conjunctiva and propptosis. (standardofcare.com)
The features of ophthalmopathy like lid retraction, scleral injection, and proptosis are reportedly less commonly noticed among children. (medicaldialogues.in)

Bartalena L., Pinchera A., Marcocci C. Management of Graves' ophthalmopathy: Reality and perspectives. (rusmedserv.com)

Rapoport B., McLachlan S.M. Graves' Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment, Kluwer Academic Publishers. (rusmedserv.com)

Rarely the T4 is normal in thyrotoxicosis and only free triiodothyronine (T3) is secreted highlighting the importance in measuring T3. (endocrinesurgeon.co.uk)

Thyrotoxicosis is a hypermetabolic state in which energy production exceeds needs, causing increased heat production, diaphoresis, and even fever. (5minuteconsult.com)

and a thyroid scintography scan showed homogeneous tracer uptake consistent with Graves disease ( C ). (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Technitium-99m scan for thyroid gland: It shows increased uptake in Graves' disease. (medicaldialogues.in)

Only 3 to 5% will develop severe ophthalmopathy. (eyeplastic.com)

Robert James Graves, F.R.C.S. (1796 - 1853) was an eminent Irish surgeon after whom Graves' disease takes its name. (capsulehealth.one)
Originally known as ' exophthalmic goitre ', Graves' disease owes its name to the Irish physician, Robert James Graves , who described the condition in 1835 . (capsulehealth.one)
Robert James Graves (1796-1853) was an Irish physician. (litfl.com)

Graves Disease and transient gestational thyrotoxicosis constitute the majority of emerging thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Thyrotoxicosis is an umbrella term for clinical syndrome that results from excess thyroid hormone (usually T3), regardless of whether or not the thyroid is the primary source. (brownmedpedsresidency.org)
We are reporting this case since the clinical association of Graves' disease in GS has never been reported before and is a rare association of the syndrome. (iap-kpj.org)

Hypothyroid Graves' disease. (thyroidpatients.ca)

I was asked to give a talk at the 2017 Endocrine Society Annual Meeting to provide an outside view [ 1 ] of the new 2016 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines [ 2 ] on the management of patients with thyrotoxicosis . (medscape.com)

Subsequently, newer findings on pediatric Graves' disease have been reported. (scite.ai)

It is estimated that for every 100,000 persons, 16 women and 3 men have Graves' ophthalmopathy every year. (eyeplastic.com)
Graves' ophthalmopathy annual adjusted incidence rate of 16 women and three men per 100,000 population (Bartley GB). (standardofcare.com)

Graves disease is diagnosed with at least one of the clinical findings and all four laboratory findings. (medscape.com)
Graves disease is suspected with at least one of the clinical findings and the first three laboratory findings or at least one of the clinical findings and first two laboratory findings. (medscape.com)

Anatomy6

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes1

Hyperthyroidism38

Goiter4

Orbitopathy6

Dermopathy7

Autoimmune19

Iodine7

Thyrotoxic2

Thyroiditis3

Hypothyroidism1

Diffuse1

Exophthalmos2

Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis2

Manifestations4

Etiology of thyrotoxicosis2

Pretibial1

Patients with Graves disease8

Diagnosis2

Occurs4

Antibodies2

Thyroidectomy2

Hyperthyroid2

Autoantibodies2

Inflammation2

Toxic2

Antibody1

Occur3

Refers to the clinical1

Antithyroid7

Retraction2

Management of Graves1

Pathogenesis1

Rarely1

Hypermetabolic1

Uptake2

Severe1

Robert James Graves3

Transient1

Syndrome2

Hypothyroid1

20161

Pediatric Graves Disease1

100,0002

Findings2