Thylakoid membrane proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here, we used an affinity purification approach in two distantly related photosynthetic eukaryotes, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana , to discover proteins that interact with VIPP1. (biorxiv.org)
The absence of VIA1 causes thylakoid swelling upon exposure to high light in Chlamydomonas and defective thylakoid biogenesis in the newly emerging leaf tissue in Arabidopsis, thereby delaying chloroplast development in this tissue. (biorxiv.org)
The Thylakoid Membrane Protein CGL160 Supports CF1CF0 ATP Synthase Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mpg.de)
The plastid-specific ribosomal proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana can be divided into non-essential proteins and genuine ribosomal proteins. (mpg.de)
Depletion of Vipp1 in both Arabidopsis and Synechocystis mutants severely affects their ability to form thylakoids and consequently to perform photosynthesis. (uni-muenchen.de)
In order to closer elucidate the function of Vipp1, an analysis of Arabidopsis plants with moderate deficiency in Vipp1 protein level was performed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Here, we show that the Arabidopsis membrane protein CHLOROPLAST MANGANESE TRANSPORTER1 (CMT1) is involved in chloroplast Mn homeostasis. (uni-muenchen.de)
AoHKT1 was localized to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis, and when expressed in yeast, it could complement the functions of both Na+ and K+ transporters. (bvsalud.org)

The biogenesis and maintenance of thylakoid membranes is a critical yet underappreciated area of research. (biorxiv.org)
Significance Statement Thylakoid membranes are essential for photosynthesis, yet their biogenesis and maintenance are poorly understood. (biorxiv.org)
Here we report the discovery of VIA1, a conserved protein that interacts with VIPP1 and participates in thylakoid biogenesis and remodeling in two distantly related photosynthetic organisms. (biorxiv.org)
The biogenesis of several bacterial polytopic membrane proteins has been shown to require signal recognition particle (SRP) and protein transport machinery, and one such protein, the major light-harvesting chlorophyll- binding protein (LHCP) exhibits these requirements in chloroplasts. (soton.ac.uk)
From results obtained in this analysis it can be proposed that Vipp1 acts at the initial stages of thylakoid biogenesis. (uni-muenchen.de)
THA8L resembles THA8 (thylakoid assembly 8), a protein that is required for the splicing of specific group II introns of genes involved in biogenesis of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. (rcsb.org)
FtsH4 protease controls biogenesis of the PSII complex by dual regulation of high light-inducible proteins. (alga.cz)

The plastid genome-encoded Ycf4 protein functions as a non-essential assembly factor for photosystem I in higher plants. (mpg.de)
Rpl33, a nonessential plastid-encoded ribosomal protein in tobacco, is required under cold stress conditions. (mpg.de)
We show here that PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE 2 (PRIN2) and CHLOROPLAST STEM-LOOP BINDING PROTEIN 41 kDa (CSP41b), two proteins identified in plastid nucleoid preparations, are essential for proper plant embryo development. (frontiersin.org)
A small conserved open reading frame in the plastid genome, ycf9 , encodes a putative membrane protein of 62 amino acids. (silverchair.com)
The vast majority of plastid genome-encoded genes can be grouped into two classes: genetic system genes (rRNAs, tRNAs, ribosomal proteins, subunits of an Escherichia coli -like RNA polymerase) and photosynthesis genes (subunits of the photosystems I and II, the cytochrome b 6 f complex, the ATP synthase, large subunit of Rubisco). (silverchair.com)

Phenylcarbamates, pyridazinones, triazines, triazinones, and uracils are herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis by binding to the Q B -binding niche on the D1 protein of the photosystem II complex in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. (weedscience.org)

ATP Synthase Repression in Tobacco Restricts Photosynthetic Electron Transport, CO2 Assimilation, and Plant Growth by Overacidification of the Thylakoid Lumen. (mpg.de)
Further, we propose that thylakoid lumen-exposed rhodanese domain of TROL is involved in perception of redox signals, while proline-rich swivel preceding FNR membrane attachment motif is responsible for the dynamic FNR biding and/or recruitment of FNR into different membrane domains. (irb.hr)
Here, export from the cytosol could occur either into the periplasm or into the thylakoid lumen. (biomedcentral.com)
Phycobiliproteins are subunits of the major accessory light-harvesting complexes (LHC) of most cyanobacteria and red alga and are present in the thylakoid lumen of cryptophytes as well. (biomedcentral.com)

The chloroplast albino 3 (ALB3) protein appears to integrate the light harvesting chlorophyll-binding protein into thylakoid membranes using a pathway that is distinct from the chloroplast Sec translocation pathway. (tcdb.org)

We show that two members, Lhca1 and Lhcb5, display an absolute requirement for stroma, nucleoside triphosphates, and protein transport apparatus, indicating an 'assisted' pathway that probably resembles that of LHCP. (soton.ac.uk)
While LOX H1 and LOX H3 are localized both in stroma and thylakoids, both allene oxide synthase and hydroperoxide lyase protein localize almost exclusively to thylakoids and are strongly bound to membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)
Allene oxide cyclase is weakly associated with the thylakoid membrane and is also detected in the stroma. (unboundmedicine.com)
Taken together, our results suggest that CMT1 mediates Mn-2(+) uptake into the chloroplast stroma, and that CMT1 and PAM71 function sequentially in Mn delivery to PSII across the chloroplast envelope and the thylakoid membrane. (uni-muenchen.de)
They consist of thylakoids and a stroma. (ukessays.com)
Mustárdy, L., Buttle, K., Steinbach, G. and Garab, G. (2008) The three-dimensional network of the thylakoid membranes in plants: quasihelical model of the granum-stroma assembly. (brc.hu)
These results support a model in which initiation of mRNA translation begins in the chloroplast stroma, and the polysome subsequently becomes attached to the thylakoid membrane. (rupress.org)
Upon natural chain termination, the chloroplast ribosomes are released from the membrane into the stroma. (rupress.org)

The Sec translocase, an example for "conservative sorting" in the course of evolution, is found in the plasma membrane of all prokaryotes, in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and in both these membrane types of cyanobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)

Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments located in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of plants and algae. (biorxiv.org)
Mutations Suppressing the Lack of Prepilin Peptidase Provide Insights Into the Maturation of the Major Pilin Protein in Cyanobacteria. (alga.cz)
Cyanobacteria, the ancestors of chloroplasts are prokaryotes with an endomembrane system in addition to the envelope membrane(s). (biomedcentral.com)

Over-reduction of PET chain can damage protein complexes and result in production of the excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 6 . (nature.com)
Cyanobacterial phycobilisome (PBS) pigment-protein complexes harvest light and transfer the energy to reaction centers. (osti.gov)
Assembly of D1/D2 complexes of photosystem II: Binding of pigments and a network of auxiliary proteins. (alga.cz)
Carotenoids are essential in oxygenic photosynthesis: they stabilize the pigment-protein complexes, are active in harvesting sunlight and in photoprotection. (elifesciences.org)
In the photosynthetic membranes, they are mainly associated with proteins, forming pigment-protein complexes. (elifesciences.org)
Immunoblotting of blue-native gels yielded positive but differential results for both the thylakoid and envelope Sec complexes, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results indicate that, in contrast to the current view, light-harvesting complexes do not only consist of the classical pigment-binding proteins, but may contain small structural subunits in addition. (silverchair.com)

Allakhverdiev SI, Nishiyama Y, Suzuki I, Tasaka Y, Murata N (1999) Genetic engineering of the unsaturation of fatty acids in membrane lipids alters the tolerance of Synechocystis to salt stress. (springer.com)
Lipids and proteins are attacked and oxidized, resulting in loss of chlorophyll and carotenoids and in leaky membranes which allow cells and cell organelles to dry and disintegrate rapidly. (weedscience.org)
Benzofuranes (WSSA Group 16), chlorocarbonic acids (Group 26), phosphorodithioates (Group 8), and thiocarbamates (Group 8) are examples of herbicides that are known inhibitors of several plant processes including: 1) biosynthesis of fatty acids and lipids which may account for reported reductions in cuticular wax deposition, 2) biosynthesis of proteins, isoprenoids (including gibberellins), and flavonoids (including anthocyanins), and 3) gibberellin synthesis inhibition which may result from the inhibition of kaurene synthesis. (weedscience.org)
The stabilisation mechanism can be described as a combined effect of surface-active molecules, mainly membrane proteins but also membrane lipids, exposed on surfaces of thylakoid membrane vesicles adsorbed as particles. (lu.se)

The cmt1 mutant is severely suppressed in growth, chloroplast ultrastructure, and PSII activity owing to a decrease in the amounts of pigments and thylakoid membrane proteins. (uni-muenchen.de)
These thylakoid membranes contain special pigments that absorb sunlight in the form of photons, a tiny particle of light with unique properties. (ukessays.com)

Accumulation of Cyanobacterial Photosystem II Containing the 'Rogue' D1 Subunit Is Controlled by FtsH Protease and Synthesis of the Standard D1 Protein. (alga.cz)
some compounds in this group may also inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis (fluometuron) or synthesis of anthocyanin, RNA, and proteins (propanil), as well as effects on the plasmalemma (propanil) (Devine et al. (weedscience.org)
EPSP inhibition leads to depletion of the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, all needed for protein synthesis or for biosynthetic pathways leading to growth. (weedscience.com)
Lee 1980) suggests that factors other than protein synthesis inhibition may be involved. (weedscience.com)
Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis presumably blocks the production of phospholipids used in building new membranes required for cell growth. (weedscience.com)
In the light, when there is an increase in the chlorophyll content and synthesis of thylakoid membrane proteins, about 20-30% of the chloroplast ribosomes are bound to the thylakoid membranes. (rupress.org)

To maintain photosynthetic activity, the PSII reaction center protein D1, which is the primary target of unavoidable photo-oxidative damage, is efficiently degraded by FtsH protease. (elifesciences.org)
Further characterization of Trp-14 using chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas indicated that substitution of D1 Trp-14 to Phe, mimicking Trp oxidation enhanced FtsH-mediated D1 degradation under high light, although the substitution did not affect protein stability and PSII activity. (elifesciences.org)
In photosynthetic organisms, maintenance of photosynthetic light reaction is manifested by so called Photosystem II (PSII) repair system, where the reaction center protein D1 is targeted to photo-oxidative damage and rapidly degraded by the processive protease FtsH. (elifesciences.org)
The work supports a role for chemical modification in the recognition and subsequent degradation of a key protein subunit of PSII by a bacterial-type protease, suggesting that tryptophan oxidation of components of the photosynthetic apparatus after high light stress plays a critical role in initiating the PSII repair system. (elifesciences.org)
The first step of photosynthetic electron transfer in the thylakoid membrane occurs at Photosystem II (PSII), where light energy absorbed by P 680 chlorophyll molecules drives water oxidation, and electron is transferred to plastoquinone. (elifesciences.org)
PSII core complex is formed by two reaction center proteins D1 (PsbA) and D2 (PsbD), along with intrinsic antenna CP43 (PsbC) and CP47 (PsbB). (elifesciences.org)

In molecular biology, the Ycf4 protein is involved in the assembly of the photosystem I complex which is part of an energy-harvesting process named photosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light-dependent stage that occurs in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast and harvests solar energy, and the light-independent stage that takes that energy and makes sugar from carbon dioxide. (visionlearning.com)
CMT1 is the closest homolog of the previously characterized thylakoid Mn transporter PHOTOSYNTHESIS-AFFECTED MUTANT71 (PAM71). (uni-muenchen.de)
The first steps of photosynthesis, the capture and conversion of sunlight into chemical energy, happen in large assemblies of proteins containing many pigment molecules called photosystems. (elifesciences.org)

They then export some of these proteins as well some mitochondrially-encoded proteins to the inter membrane space, or they insert them into the inner membrane. (tcdb.org)
Mitochondria inherited three inner membrane translocases Sec, TAT and Oxa1 (YidC) from its bacterial ancestor. (tcdb.org)

2022 ). The YidC transmembrane (TM) groove is essential for a high- affinity interaction, and the hydrophilic nature of the YidC groove plays an important role in protein transport across the cytoplasmic membrane bilayer to the periplasmic side. (tcdb.org)
The Sec translocase which provides a major pathway of protein translocation from the cytosol across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria is best investigated in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)

Al-Taweel K, Iwaki T, Yabuta Y, Shigeoka S, Murata N, Wadano A (2007) A bacterial transgene for catalase protects translation of D1 protein during exposure of salt-stressed tobacco leaves to strong light. (springer.com)
Nearly 3.2% of the bacterial genes code for PTS group translocation proteins. (biologyonline.com)

It is known that the membrane-extrinsic subunits PsaD and E form the ferredoxin-docking site. (springer.com)
Biochemical analysis indicates that neither PSI reaction center subunits nor the seven small subunits belonging to PSI accumulate stably in the thylakoid membranes of the transformants. (unige.ch)
Pulse-chase labeling of cell proteins shows that the PSI reaction center subunits are synthesized normally but turn over rapidly in the transformants. (unige.ch)
2007 ). Several Oxa1-type insertases in the ER serve as catalytically active core subunits in the ER membrane protein complex (EMC), the guided entry of tail-anchored (GET) and the GET- and EMC-like (GEL) complex. (tcdb.org)
Mitochondrial TAT transports folded proteins in those eukaryotes with TatA and TatC subunits encoded in the mitochondrial genome. (tcdb.org)

Ycf4 co-fractionates with a protein complex larger than PSI upon sucrose density gradient centrifugation of solubilised thylakoids. (wikipedia.org)
The prerequisite was the generation of specific antisera directed against cyanelle SecY that allowed immunodetection of the protein on SDS gels from both membrane types separated by sucrose density gradient floatation centrifugation. (biomedcentral.com)

Linoleic acid is the other essential fatty acid, but it, and the other n −6 fatty acids, compete with n −3s for positions in cell membranes and have very different effects on human health. (wikipedia.org)

The latter can replace E. coli YidC for Sec-independent insertion of proteins ( Bloois et al . (tcdb.org)
2018 ). Through YidC, proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer via the SecYEG-dependent complex, but YidC functions as a chaperone in protein folding processes. (tcdb.org)

Bacteria also export (to the periplasm) N-tails of membrane proteins synthesized without leader sequences by a Sec (Type IIPS)-independent mechanism. (tcdb.org)
The envelope translocase can be envisaged as a prokaryotic feature missing in higher plant chloroplasts but retained in cyanelles, likely for protein transport to the periplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
In GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA, twin-arginine translocase (TAT) is involved in the export of folded proteins to the PERIPLASM. (bvsalud.org)

RESULTS: Thylakoid membranes isolated from spinach were used as an emulsifier/stabiliser in oil (triglyceride)-in-water emulsions. (lu.se)

Two other members, however, namely an early light-inducible protein 2 (Elip2) and photosystem II subunit S (PsbS), can insert efficiently in the complete absence of SRP, SecA activity, nucleoside triphosphates, or a functional Sec system. (soton.ac.uk)
Protein translocase subunit SecA, chloroplastic. (ntu.edu.sg)

Grape seed and clove bud extracts as natural antioxidants in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets during chilled storage: effect on lipid and protein oxidation. (iifiir.org)

This differential localization is consistently observed using confocal microscopy of GFP-tagged proteins, chloroplast fractionation, and western blotting, and immunodetection by electron microscopy. (unboundmedicine.com)
Moreover, allene oxide synthase and hydroperoxide lyase are differentially distributed in thylakoids, with hydroperoxide lyase localized almost exclusively to the stromal part, thus closely resembling the localization pattern of LOX H1. (unboundmedicine.com)
Indeed, a dual localization of SecY protein in both cytoplasmic and thylakoid membranes from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 was reported [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Encodes a putative RING-H2 finger protein RHA1a. (or.jp)

Differential thermal effects on the energy distribution between photosystem II and photosystem I in thylakoid membranes of a psychrophilic and a mesophilic alga. (bio.net)

The chloroplast gene psaC encoding the iron sulfur protein of photosystem I (PSI) from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been cloned and characterized. (unige.ch)
Periodic variations in the ratio of free to thylakoid-bound chloroplast ribosomes during the cell cycle of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (rupress.org)

Of the membrane proteins whose insertion into thylakoids has been analyzed, five have now been shown to insert by a SRP/Sec-independent mechanism, suggesting that this is a mainstream form of targeting pathway. (soton.ac.uk)
It is shown that all enzymes of the lipoxygenase pathway differentially localize within chloroplasts, and are largely found associated to thylakoid membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)
The Notch signaling pathway is a pathway in animals by which two adjacent cells within an organism use a protein named Notch to mechanically interact with each other. (asu.edu)
This latter export pathway requires the membrane potential. (tcdb.org)

BACKGROUND: Thylakoid-stabilised emulsions have been reported to possess satiety-promoting effects and inhibit pancreatic lipase-colipase activity in vitro, which prompted the investigation of their interfacial properties. (lu.se)
Freeze-thaw stability of emulsions with soy protein isolate through interfacial engineering. (iifiir.org)

Denaturing gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis reveals that levels of the PSI reaction center proteins PsaD, PsaE and PsaF were reduced due to salt stress. (springer.com)

Homologues of the yeast Oxa1 protein are found in chloroplasts of plants and in a wide variety of bacteria. (tcdb.org)

Of the few known proteins involved in these processes, VIPP1 stands out due to its similarity to ESCRT-III, an integral component of the ESCRT machinery that is responsible for membrane remodeling and trafficking in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes. (biorxiv.org)
FNR is recruited to thylakoid membranes via integral membrane thylakoid rhodanase-like protein TROL. (nature.com)

In addition, heterologous antisera directed against components of the Toc/Tic translocons and binding of a labeled precursor protein were used to discriminate between inner and outer envelope membranes. (biomedcentral.com)

The Sec translocase is one of the examples of "conservative sorting", i.e. the retainment of prokaryotic preprotein translocases in the membranes of endosymbiont-derived organelles. (biomedcentral.com)

Ice-phobic glass-substrate surfaces coated with polypeptides inspired by antifreeze protein . (iifiir.org)
The effect of type-III antifreeze proteins (AFPs) on CO2 hydrate slurry formation. (iifiir.org)

It is utilized by bacteria to transport a compound into their cell by first allowing the compound to bind with protein on the cell surface followed by altering its chemical structure during its passage across the membrane . (biologyonline.com)
Protein translocase in BACTERIA or CHLOROPLASTS that exports or secretes folded proteins. (bvsalud.org)

It is shown here that while a 13-lipoxygenase (LOX H3), allene oxide synthase and allene oxide cyclase proteins accumulate upon wounding in potato, a second 13-lipoxygenase (LOX H1) and hydroperoxide lyase are present at constant levels in both non-wounded and wounded tissues. (unboundmedicine.com)

Herbicide binding at this protein location blocks electron transport from Q A to Q B and stops CO 2 fixation and production of ATP and NADPH 2 which are all needed for plant growth. (weedscience.org)

One of the few known critical regulators of this process, VIPP1 (Vesicle-Inducing Protein in Plastids 1), was recently shown to be structurally similar to ESCRT-III proteins - the first evidence for ESCRT-like (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) machinery in chloroplasts. (biorxiv.org)
Among several newly identified proteins, we focused on a highly conserved but uncharacterized protein (VIPP1-Associated protein 1, VIA1) that robustly interacts with VIPP1 in both systems. (biorxiv.org)
The vesicle inducing protein in plastids 1 (Vipp1) is an essential factor for the development and maintenance of the thylakoid membrane. (uni-muenchen.de)
A detailed computer analysis of Vipp1 secondary structure in different organisms revealed functionally important characteristics of the protein and allowed to discern specific features of its C-terminal domain. (uni-muenchen.de)
Oligomerization of Vipp1 appeared to be a prerequisite for the process of thylakoid formation to commence. (uni-muenchen.de)
Moreover, the extent of thylakoid membrane formation is directly correlated to the amount of Vipp1 protein available in the chloroplast. (uni-muenchen.de)

In this report we have used in vitro insertion assays to analyze four additional members of the chlorophyll-a/b-binding protein family. (soton.ac.uk)
The data suggest a possibly spontaneous insertion mechanism that, to date, has been characterized only for simple single-span proteins. (soton.ac.uk)
Kim, Soo Jung , Jansson, Stefan , Hoffman, Neil E. , Robinson, Colin and Mant, Alexandra (1999) Distinct 'assisted' and 'spontaneous' mechanisms for the insertion of polytopic chlorophyll-binding proteins into the thylakoid membrane. (soton.ac.uk)
Insertion of a membrane protein via the Oxa1p export machinery follows the 'positive-inside' rule for membrane protein topology. (tcdb.org)
The matrix exposed C-terminal α-helical domain of Oxa1 can bind mitochondrial ribosomes to facilitate co-translational insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial membrane ( Jia et al . (tcdb.org)
2001 ). Mitochondria have two, one for co-translational, and one for post-translational insertion of membrane proteins. (tcdb.org)
At different stages of the insertion process, conformational changes in YidC's TM domain and membrane core have a mechanistic effect on Pf3 coat protein insertion. (tcdb.org)

Psb34 protein modulates binding of high-light-inducible proteins to CP47-containing photosystem II assembly intermediates in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. (alga.cz)

TROL protein has recently been characterized by our group. (irb.hr)

The Ycf4 protein is firmly associated with the thylakoid membrane, presumably through a transmembrane domain. (wikipedia.org)

Mitochondria import nuclearly-encoded proteins, made in the cell cytoplasm, into the mitochondrial matrix where their mitochondrial targeting sequences are removed by proteolysis. (tcdb.org)

Group translocation is a biological process where a molecule crossing the cell membrane not only gets transported but also gets transformed in itself. (biologyonline.com)

The surface pressure (air/water interface) of the thylakoid isolate was 44 mN m(-1) and the surface load 13 mg m(-2) at 10 mg protein mL(-1) oil. (lu.se)

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins that form a pervasive family of proteins conserved in yeast, plants, and humans. (rcsb.org)

Because VIA1 contains a predicted winged-helix domain, a hallmark feature of ESCRT-II proteins that mediates the interaction with ESCRT-III proteins, our data support the hypothesis that universal, mechanistic principles govern membrane remodeling across all living organisms. (biorxiv.org)

When asked where group translocation occurs, we can tell it occurs in the cytoplasm when a substrate is being translocated across the cell membrane. (biologyonline.com)

Protein phosphorylation regulates actomyosin-driven vesicle movement in cell extracts isolated from the green algae, Chara corallina. (bio.net)

PCC 6803 slr 1649-encoded protein also acts as a bilin lyase, and additionally contributes to linker attachment and/or stability of phycobilisomes. (biomedcentral.com)
PCC 6803 and indicate that after separating from a common ancestor protein, the phycoerythrin lyase from Guillardia theta has retained its capacity to couple a bilin group to other phycobiliproteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently Zhao and co-workers discovered that a CpeS-like protein functions as a phycocyanobilin-cysteine-beta84 lyase in Anabaena sp. (biomedcentral.com)

Chloroplast thylakoid membrane-stabilised emulsions. (lu.se)
CONCLUSION: Thylakoid membranes effectively stabilise oil-in-water emulsions, which should facilitate their incorporation in food with satiety-promoting effects. (lu.se)

This SecYEG complex and the hydrophilic protein SecA, which acts as the translocation ATPase, are the primary components of the Sec translocation machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein translocation.chloroplast.thylakoid membrane. (ntu.edu.sg)

Lambrev, P.H. and Akhtar, P. (2019) Macroorganisation and flexibility of thylakoid membranes. (brc.hu)

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