Thylakoid membrane membrane lipids. Medical search. Frequent questions

Motion constraints on lipids in lipid bilayers are also imposed by presence of proteins in biological membranes, especially so in the annular lipid shell 'attached' to surface of integral membrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
This phase separation plays a critical role in biochemical phenomena because membrane components such as proteins can partition into one or the other phase and thus be locally concentrated or activated. (wikipedia.org)
2018 ) An RK/ST C-terminal Motif is Required for Targeting of OEP7.2 and a Subset of Other Arabidopsis Tail-Anchored Proteins to the Plastid Outer Envelope Membrane. (academictree.org)
In membrane proteins, in contrast to lysozyme, the onsets of sizable H/D exchange rates were the onsets of irreversible denaturing as well. (biomedcentral.com)
Seemingly, at temperatures where protein self-dynamics allows large-scale H/D exchange, lipid-protein coupling is so weak that proteins prefer aggregating to limit the exposure of their hydrophobic surface regions to water. (biomedcentral.com)
In all membranes studied, dynamics seemed to be governed by lipids around the low-temperature limit, and by proteins around the high-temperature limit of membrane functionality. (biomedcentral.com)
The biological functioning is assured by the dynamics of the membrane proteins, which may depend also on lipid-protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
At the high temperature end, however, it is not clear, whether proteins or lipids, or their specific interactions are the primary actors in maintaining membrane structure and/or stress signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
The stabilisation mechanism can be described as a combined effect of surface-active molecules, mainly membrane proteins but also membrane lipids, exposed on surfaces of thylakoid membrane vesicles adsorbed as particles. (lu.se)
Lipids and proteins are attacked and oxidized, resulting in loss of chlorophyll and carotenoids and in leaky membranes which allow cells and cell organelles to dry and disintegrate rapidly. (weedscience.org)
Benzofuranes (WSSA Group 16), chlorocarbonic acids (Group 26), phosphorodithioates (Group 8), and thiocarbamates (Group 8) are examples of herbicides that are known inhibitors of several plant processes including: 1) biosynthesis of fatty acids and lipids which may account for reported reductions in cuticular wax deposition, 2) biosynthesis of proteins, isoprenoids (including gibberellins), and flavonoids (including anthocyanins), and 3) gibberellin synthesis inhibition which may result from the inhibition of kaurene synthesis. (weedscience.org)
There were abundance differences in proteins associated with stress, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
0 mL with solution A. Thy- lakoid membrane proteins have one region pointing toward the stromal side of the membrane and the other ori- ented opions the interior portion of the thylakoid, known as the lumen (see Figures 7. (forexkagireviews.com)
The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
Rough ER transport materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
It imports hundreds of nucleus-encoded proteins, and diverse metabolites are continuously exchanged across the two chromatophore envelope membranes. (frontiersin.org)
We hypothesize that these proteins are involved in modulating membrane permeability. (frontiersin.org)

In both phases the lipid molecules are constrained to the two dimensional plane of the membrane, but in liquid phase bilayers the molecules diffuse freely within this plane. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike liquid phase bilayers, the lipids in a gel phase bilayer are locked in place and exhibit neither flip-flop nor lateral mobility. (wikipedia.org)
This functionality is one of the reasons that cell membranes are usually composed of fluid phase bilayers. (wikipedia.org)
The phase behavior of lipid bilayers is largely determined by the strength of the attractive Van der Waals interactions between adjacent lipid molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Bilayers need not be composed of a single type of lipid and, in fact, most natural membranes are a complex mixture of different lipid molecules. (wikipedia.org)
2019) Anisotropic circular dichroism of light-harvesting complex II in oriented lipid bilayers: Theory meets experiment. (brc.hu)
From these data we were able to derive a physical model of the perturbing or nonperturbing interactions of arbutin with lipid bilayers. (lookformedical.com)
In this GTP-bound state, NpBDLP inserts into lipid bilayers through a hydrophobic paddle and is able to generate tubulation of liposomes through its auto-oligomerization. (cancerdir.com)

Dutta S, Smith MD. ( 2023 ) Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions Utilizing the Split-Ubiquitin Membrane-Based Yeast Two-Hybrid System. (academictree.org)
2020 ) Functional Oligomeric Forms of Uncoupling Protein 2: Strong Evidence for Asymmetry in Protein and Lipid Bilayer Systems. (academictree.org)
Unfavorably high temperature causes heat stress in all organisms and leads to disintegration of membrane lipids, protein misfolding and denaturation, oxidative burst, and increased membrane fluidity. (frontiersin.org)
Correlation of lipid disorder with membrane protein dynamics has been studied with infrared spectroscopy, by combining data characterizing lipid phase, protein structure and, via hydrogen-deuterium (H/D) exchange, protein dynamics. (biomedcentral.com)
Around the low-temperature functioning limit of the biomembranes, lipids affected protein dynamics since changes in fatty acyl chain disorders and H/D exchange exhibited certain correlation. (biomedcentral.com)
Concerning barrier properties, the dynamics of membrane lipids and lipid-protein interactions are thought to be more important. (biomedcentral.com)
The balance between lipid- and protein-dynamics and the role of lipid-protein interaction in maintaining membrane functionality is still not fully understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Droplet size decreased with increasing thylakoid concentration, reaching a plateau around 15 microm beyond concentrations of 2 mg protein mL(-1) oil. (lu.se)
The surface pressure (air/water interface) of the thylakoid isolate was 44 mN m(-1) and the surface load 13 mg m(-2) at 10 mg protein mL(-1) oil. (lu.se)
Phenylcarbamates, pyridazinones, triazines, triazinones, and uracils are herbicides that inhibit photosynthesis by binding to the Q B -binding niche on the D1 protein of the photosystem II complex in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. (weedscience.org)
Here, the aldehyde form (retinal) is bound to the protein rhodopsin in the membranes of rod and cone cells. (pressbooks.pub)
Due to (1) the high protein:lipid ratio of the thylakoid membrane and (2) the packing of protein complexes, the rapid diffusion of components along the membrane is hindered. (stackexchange.com)
Protein dynamics and lipid affinity of monomeric, zeaxanthin-binding LHCII in thylakoid membranes. (cgmartini.nl)
This was also significant for being the first 3D crystal structure of any membrane protein complex. (goldenssport.com)
Photosystem I is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to catalyze the transfer of electrons across the thylakoid membrane from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. (goldenssport.com)
Late events in autophagy involve the final maturation and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes to form an autolysosome, a step that requires small Rab GTPases and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). (baxkyardgardener.com)
cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. (enchantedlearning.com)
Here, we elucidate the function of CrFzl, a previously uncharacterized protein encoded by the genome SGX-523 pontent inhibitor of the unicellular alga ((shares significant homology with mitofusins, suggesting its involvement in membrane fusion processes [12]. (cancerdir.com)
Here we show by mass spectrometric analyses of enriched insoluble protein fractions that, unexpectedly, nucleus-encoded transporters are not inserted into the chromatophore inner envelope membrane. (frontiersin.org)

Mustárdy, L., Buttle, K., Steinbach, G. and Garab, G. (2008) The three-dimensional network of the thylakoid membranes in plants: quasihelical model of the granum-stroma assembly. (brc.hu)
As explained in the above paper, the PS-I complex is primarily located within non-appressed thylakoid region and stroma lamella, while PS-II in the appressed regions. (stackexchange.com)
Energy from PSI drives this process and is harnessed to pump protons across the membrane, into the thylakoid lumen space from the chloroplast stroma. (goldenssport.com)

Lipid-polymorphism of plant chloroplast thylakoid membranes. (osu.eu)

In this thesis, I explore the response of specific fatty acids, sterols, and thylakoid membrane lipids to thermal and disease stress in zooxanthellae grown in culture, as well as those isolated from living corals. (whoi.edu)
Linoleic acid is the other essential fatty acid, but it, and the other n −6 fatty acids, compete with n −3s for positions in cell membranes and have very different effects on human health. (wikipedia.org)
Desaturation of the fatty acids in glycerolipids is catalyzed by acyl-lipid desaturase (Murata and Wada, 1995). (rehabsociety.org.hk)
Allakhverdiev SI, Nishiyama Y, Suzuki I, Tasaka Y, Murata N (1999) Genetic engineering of the unsaturation of fatty acids in membrane lipids alters the tolerance of Synechocystis to salt stress. (springer.com)
Dunaliella tertiolecta accumulates cell lipids and remodels polar lipid classes and their fatty acids composition as response to hypoosmotic stress at 3 PSU. (irb.hr)
We found that the unsaturation of most polar lipids decreases overall, indicating decreased membrane fluidity and altered permeability, whereas shortening the length of fatty acids of polar lipids is not one of the strategies of D. tertiolecta to cope with the decrease in salinity. (irb.hr)

Cyanobacterial and plant thylakoid membranes, mammalian mitochondria membranes, and for comparison, lysozyme were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
All eukaryotic F-type ATPases pump 3-4 H + out of mitochondria, or into thylakoids of chloroplasts, per ATP hydrolyzed. (tcdb.org)

The fluid-mosaic membrane theory in the context of photosynthetic membranes: Is the thylakoid membrane more like a mixed crystal or like a fluid? (uni-leipzig.de)
Increase in relative content (%) and unsaturation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG) and decrease in relative content (%) and unsaturation of phosphatidylglycerols (PG), suggesting changes in photosynthetic membranes of thylakoids at 20 and 3 PSU. (irb.hr)

The perception and signaling of heat stress is initiated by high temperature-induced changes in the plasma membrane. (frontiersin.org)
The cessation of H+ influx across the plasma membrane by eliciting the action potential and by adding NH4Cl into the medium greatly enhanced the amplitude of cyclosis-mediated fluorescence transients. (academic-accelerator.com)
Interchloroplast communications in Chara are suppressed under the alkaline bands and are relieved after the plasma membrane excitation. (academic-accelerator.com)
Detailed ultrastructural and biophysical analyses have shown that the functional eyespot apparatus involves local specialisations of different subcellular compartments (plasma membrane, cytosol, and chloroplast). (fau.de)
Additionally, the outermost globule layer is attached to specialized areas of the two chloroplast envelope membranes and the adjacent plasma membrane. (fau.de)
Anatomy Organs Human Anatomy And Physiology Cell Structure Structure And Function Biology Projects Plasma Membrane Cell Biology Teachers Pet E Mc2. (valpor.lv)

One property of a lipid bilayer is the relative mobility (fluidity) of the individual lipid molecules and how this mobility changes with temperature. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to this large in-plane mobility, it is very difficult for lipid molecules to flip-flop from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other. (wikipedia.org)
Many microalgal species can synthesize large quantities of lipid and carbohydrates along with other bioactive molecules under varied nutrient supplement conditions. (hindawi.com)
The first step of photosynthetic electron transfer in the thylakoid membrane occurs at Photosystem II (PSII), where light energy absorbed by P 680 chlorophyll molecules drives water oxidation, and electron is transferred to plastoquinone. (elifesciences.org)
Photosynthesis (the production of ATP molecules from sunlight) takes place on thylakoid disks. (enchantedlearning.com)

D. Lipid kettősrétegben orientált LHCII ACD spektruma (Mustárdy és Garab 2003, Lambrev és Akhtar 2019). (brc.hu)
Previously, we proposed that the thylakoid membrane itself could switch LHCII into the photoprotective state, qE, via a process known as hydrophobic mismatch. (bvsalud.org)
The proteoliposomes made of short ACL lipids display structural heterogeneity revealing two quenched conformations of LHCII, each having characteristic 77 K fluorescence spectra. (bvsalud.org)

In particular, we have expensive exprience in Arabidopsis molecular genetics, fluoresecence imaging, ultrastrctural studies using electron microscopy, lipid metabolic analysis using radiolabeled isotopes and physiological studies using chlorophyll fluorometers and photosynthesis systems. (bnl.gov)
Photosystem II is present on the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis in green plants. (goldenssport.com)

Fan J, Zhou C, Yu L, Li P, Shanklin J, Xu C (2019) Diversion of Carbon Flux from Sugars to Lipids Improves the Growth of an Arabidopsis Starchless Mutant. (bnl.gov)
Fan J, Yu L, Xu C (2019) Dual Role for Autophagy in Lipid Metabolism in Arabidopsis. (bnl.gov)
Lambrev, P.H. and Akhtar, P. (2019) Macroorganisation and flexibility of thylakoid membranes. (brc.hu)

For a lipid to flip from one leaflet to the other, its hydrated headgroup must cross the hydrophobic core of the bilayer, an energetically unfavorable process. (wikipedia.org)
The effect of arbutin on lipid order was limited to the interfacial region of the membranes and was not evident in the hydrophobic core region. (lookformedical.com)
Wrapping the particles in polyacrylic acid, a highly charged molecule, allows the particles to penetrate the fatty, hydrophobic membranes that surrounds chloroplasts. (science20.com)

Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorococcum infusionum , promising microalgae for biodiesel feedstock production, were treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and phosphorous to induce stress which was then followed by flow cytometry to study the enhanced intracellular neutral lipid content. (hindawi.com)
Most recent studies have found that the lipid accumulation in microalgae could be increased through altering parameters such as temperature, light, CO 2 , salinity, and nutrient concentration [ 4 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Under different nutrient starvation, microalgae can accumulate large quantities of neutral lipid in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) within the cell cytoplasm [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
A few reports were available on the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on growth and lipid productivity in microalgae. (hindawi.com)
Simultaneous effect of phosphorous (P) influences the growth and lipid synthesis in microalgae [ 9 , 14 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
In other microalgae it was observed that P starvation limited the growth but triggers the lipid productivity. (hindawi.com)
Microalgae Skeletonema costatum and Scenedesmus obliquus were found as good candidates for biodiesel production due to their high lipid productivity and fatty acid content [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Microalgae can divert cellular resources towards lipid accumulation under conditions of stress, and identifying the molecular trigger for this response could aid in engineering improved lipid productivity, a precursor for biofuel production. (biomedcentral.com)
High salinity is an overlooked stressor for lipid accumulation, largely due to the relatively low number of microalgae that have been identified to respond in this manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Under conditions of fluctuating salinity, microalgae have evolved a variety of survival mechanisms such as lipid accumulation and remodeling. (irb.hr)

Electron micrographs showed thylakoids adsorbed as bunched vesicles on the drop surfaces. (lu.se)
Picture (front): Formation of giant vesicles composed of phospholipid and a flourescent lipid analogue. (lu.se)

Aside from chain length, transition temperature can also be affected by the degree of unsaturation of the lipid tails. (wikipedia.org)
Maximal H/D exchange rate temperatures correlated neither with the disorder nor with the unsaturation of lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
I present two new lipid biomarkers of thermal stress in zooxanthellae, the C18 fatty acid unsaturation ratio, and the fatty acid to sterol ratio. (whoi.edu)

Xu's research group focuses on understanding the regulatory mechanisms controlling lipid metabolism, trafficking and storage in plants. (bnl.gov)
and 3) understanding whether and how altered lipid metabolism affects carbon allocation, biomass production, stress responses and many other aspects of biology. (bnl.gov)
These findings indicate that thylakoids modulate the gut microbial composition, which might be important for the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism. (lu.se)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary thylakoids on the gut microbiota composition, mainly the taxa of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, in rats fed either a thylakoid-enriched diet or a control diet for 10 d. (lu.se)
Summarizing the literature data, it seems that there is consensus that lipid composition and dynamics have the primary role in low-temperature adaptation and cold stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipid composition determines the effects of arbutin on the stability of membranes. (lookformedical.com)
These changes are statistically significant and we hypothesize that D. tertiolecta is genetically adapted to withstand large salinity fluctuations through polar lipid composition. (irb.hr)

One of the main objectives is to discover new genetic engineering targets for enhancing lipid accumulation in plant vegetative tissues, particularly those that have synergistic effects with previously known genes, pathways or regulatory circuits. (bnl.gov)
Nutrient is the most important regulator of microalgal growth and lipid accumulation. (hindawi.com)
9 ]. The lipid accumulation and growth characteristics of Chlorella kessleri under different concentration of P were investigated by El-Sheek and Rady [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)

Dr. Xu's research group uses a combination of molecular genetic, cell biological, biochemical and physiological approaches to dissect the regulatory network governing lipid metaoblism, homoestasis and storage. (bnl.gov)
Maintaining the barrier properties and the functioning (energy production, signal transduction, material transport etc.) of a biological membrane, a given membrane dynamics is required. (biomedcentral.com)
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study on the emulsifying properties of an isolated biological membrane as a functional ingredient. (lu.se)

Yu L, Fan J, Zhou C, Xu C (2020) Chloroplast lipid biosynthesis is fine-tuned to thylakoid membrane remodeling during light acclimation. (bnl.gov)
Yu L, Fan J, Yan C, Xu C (2018) Starch Deficiency Enhances Lipid Biosynthesis and Turnover in Leaves. (bnl.gov)
Lipid biosynthesis is divided into the Gro3P (glycerol-3-phosphate) pathway and the GrnP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate) pathway. (rehabsociety.org.hk)

In Nannochloropsis oculata the dry weight of the biomass and lipid gradually increased with increased concentration of EDTA [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Coral biomass contains abundant lipids, and the potential of lipid parameters to diagnose thermal tolerance in zooxanthellae has been previously suggested. (whoi.edu)

These newly synthesized lipids and carbohydrates can be directly converted to biodiesel and bioethanol, respectively [ 1 , 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

I. The lipids and light-harvesting complexes of the thylakoid membrane. (uni-leipzig.de)

Both triplet chlorophyll and singlet oxygen can abstract hydrogen from unsaturated lipids, producing a lipid radical and initiating a chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. (weedscience.org)

He then moved to the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Michigan State University where he worked with Christoph Benning as a postdoc on the biochemistry and molecular genetics of plant lipids and the molecular mechanisms of intracellular lipid transport. (bnl.gov)
Fan J, Yu L, Xu C (2017) A Central Role for Triacylglycerol in Membrane Lipid Breakdown, Fatty Acid β-Oxidation, and Plant Survival under Extended Darkness. (bnl.gov)
Lipids in Plant and Algae Development 207-221. (bnl.gov)
Li N, Xu C, Li-Beisson Y, Philippar K (2016) Fatty Acid and Lipid Transport in Plant Cells. (bnl.gov)
[3] Plant chloroplasts consisting of more than 95 percent of photosynthetic thylakoid membranes are highly fluid due to the large abundance of ALA, evident as sharp resonances in high-resolution carbon-13 NMR spectra. (wikipedia.org)
Lipid polymorphism in plant thylakoids. (osu.eu)
A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
Part of the chloroplasts in plant cells, located within the inner membrane of chloroplasts, between the grana. (enchantedlearning.com)
A membrane-bound organelle that is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells. (hokudai.ac.jp)

2020 ) ACSL3 is a novel GABARAPL2 interactor that links ufmylation and lipid droplet biogenesis. (academictree.org)

The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. (enchantedlearning.com)
A vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
What does the nuclear membrane do? (brainscape.com)

Moreover, the response can include changes in fatty acid profiles, for example, Botryococcus braunii shows increases in the proportions of oleic acid (from 13.35 to 28.28% of total lipid) and palmitic acid (from 15.14 to 33.76% of total lipid) under increased salinity [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

During the first stage, pigments such as chlorophyll absorb light, which excites electrons that flow through the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. (science20.com)
Thylakoid disks are disk-shaped membrane structures in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. (enchantedlearning.com)

H/D exchange remained low in all membranes over physiological temperatures. (biomedcentral.com)
This dynamics is adapted to the physiological conditions (e.g. temperature, light in photosynthetic organisms, different stresses) of the given membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been shown previously in a series of papers, mostly for photosynthetic organisms, that at the physiological low temperature limit and among cold-stress conditions, the physical state of the lipids and the capacity of the living organism to regulate it are very important factors in the survival and adaptation [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
[2] In physiological literature, it is listed by its lipid number, 18:3, and ( n −3). (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, the physiological requirement for fusing thylakoids is currently unknown. (cancerdir.com)

Complex nanoemulsion for vitamin delivery: droplet organization and interaction with skin membranes. (cgmartini.nl)

Garab, G. (2014) Hierarchical organization and structural flexibility of thylakoid membranes. (brc.hu)

To test this, we made proteoliposomes from lipids with altered acyl chain length (ACL). (bvsalud.org)

Yu L, Fan J, Zhou C, Xu C (2021) Sterols are required for the coordinated assembly of lipid droplets in developing seeds. (bnl.gov)

The researchers delivered nanoceria into the chloroplasts using a new technique they developed called lipid exchange envelope penetration, or LEEP. (science20.com)
PDF) pgen.1008047.s002.pdf (173K) GUID:?82CD4BCB-8358-4641-9CAD-9B6F8523D305 S3 Fig: (a) is inserted in the inner envelope and thylakoid membranes to modify their morphology. (cancerdir.com)

I present the discovery of a bioactive thylakoid lipid within zooxanthellae cells, and show how this compound is selectively mobilized in thermally stressed cells. (whoi.edu)

The purpose of this study was to investigated the membrane lipid remodeling of the marine green microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta as a short-term acclimation mechanism in response to hyposalinity (20 and 3 PSU) with respect to growth at optimal salinity (38 PSU). (irb.hr)

Electrons travel through the cytochrome b6f complex to photosystem I via an electron transport chain within the thylakoid membrane. (goldenssport.com)

Photosystem II is a multisubunit enzyme embedded in the lipid environment of the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae and cyanobacteria. (goldenssport.com)

BACKGROUND: Thylakoid-stabilised emulsions have been reported to possess satiety-promoting effects and inhibit pancreatic lipase-colipase activity in vitro, which prompted the investigation of their interfacial properties. (lu.se)

Although it is a lipid, cholesterol bears little resemblance to a phospholipid. (wikipedia.org)

RESULTS: Thylakoid membranes isolated from spinach were used as an emulsifier/stabiliser in oil (triglyceride)-in-water emulsions. (lu.se)
Here we show that arbutin protects isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) thylakoid membranes from freeze-thaw damage. (lookformedical.com)

The qualitative analyses of neutral lipid bodies under stress conditions were performed by confocal microscopy and revealed bright golden-yellow lipid droplets in stress exposed cells. (hindawi.com)

Yu L, Zhou C, Fan J, Shanklin J, Xu C (2021) Mechanisms and functions of membrane lipid remodeling in plants. (bnl.gov)
They constitute the majority of MEMBRANE LIPIDS in PLANTS. (lookformedical.com)

Question: Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? (examweapon.com)
The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. (enchantedlearning.com)

Influence of the compatible solute sucrose on thylakoid membrane organization and violaxanthin de‑epoxidation. (uni-leipzig.de)

decreasing the overall chain length by one carbon usually alters the transition temperature of a lipid by ten degrees Celsius or less, but adding a single double bond can decrease the transition temperature by fifty degrees or more (see table). (wikipedia.org)

At a very low salinity of 3 PSU, the relative content (%) of phosphatidylinositols (PI) increases, suggesting increased lipid trafficking and signaling in the cells. (irb.hr)

We further discover that solid irradiance induces an elevated recruitment from the DRP to thylakoid membranes. (cancerdir.com)

The decrease in the membrane thickness that followed the formation of ΔpH was a key fact that prompted this idea. (bvsalud.org)

Ligand-only view of the X-Ray crystallographic plastoquinol can then travel back across the membrane to deliver its two protons P.D. Yves Choquet, Francis-André Wollman, in The Chlamydomonas Sourcebook, 2009. (rehabsociety.org.hk)

Supplementary MaterialsS1 Fig: (a) Subcellular fractionation of chloroplasts and thylakoids from a CrFzl-3HA expressing strain. (cancerdir.com)

Although there are mobile carriers, but what about the PS-II units far in the centre of large stacks of thylakoids? (stackexchange.com)
The machinery that converts light into energy is usually more precisely located inside the chloroplast within stacks of membranes called the thylakoids. (cancerdir.com)

Broadly, at a given temperature a lipid bilayer can exist in either a liquid or a solid phase. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, in a liquid bilayer a given lipid will rapidly exchange locations with its neighbor millions of times a second and will, through the process of a random walk, migrate over long distances. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of cholesterol exerts a profound but complicated influence on lipid bilayer properties because of its unique physical characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
Arbutin-induced leakage during freezing was accompanied by massive bilayer fusion in EPC and EPC/EPE membranes. (lookformedical.com)

For liposomes made of lipids with an ACL of 18 carbons, the lifetime was â ¼2 ns, like that for the thylakoid membrane. (bvsalud.org)
Inclusion of more than 15% MGDG into the membranes led to a strong destabilization of liposomes during freezing. (lookformedical.com)

An oral glucose tolerance test after 10 d of thylakoid- or control-food intake resulted in significantly reduced plasma insulin levels in the thylakoid-fed rats compared with the control-fed rats, while no difference was observed for blood glucose levels. (lu.se)

Anatomy34

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20193

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