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Stationary phase may refer to Stationary phase (biology), a phase in bacterial growth Stationary phase (chemistry), a medium used in chromatography Stationary phase approximation in the evaluation of integrals in mathematics This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Stationary phase. (wikipedia.org)
Chromatography is the separation of mixtures into their components as a result of differential distribution of the solutes in order for identification, analyses, purify and/or quantity of the mixture for a mobile medium and for a stationary absorbing medium. (majortests.com)
What is the basic principle for separation in normal phase, reversed phase, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography? (majortests.com)
Normal and Reversed Phase Chromatography What is the relationship between polarity of the mobile phase vs. elution time and resolution in normal phase and reversed phase chromatography? (majortests.com)
Almost 50 years later, the C18 phase is still the reigning champion in the reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) arena, and many chromatography companies are still bonding using the same or a very similar synthetic approach. (chromatographyonline.com)
According to the United States Pharmacopeia ( USP ), there are 858 C18 liquid chromatography phases registered under code L1 (octadecylsilane chemically bonded to porous silica or ceramic microplates, 1.5 to 10 μm in diameter, or a monolithic rod) (3). (chromatographyonline.com)
This work presents a study of the sorption of a pre-synthesized polysiloxane, poly(methyltetradecylsiloxane) - PMTDS, onto zirconized and titanized-silica particles that results in efficient stationary phases for reversed phase liquid chromatography. (scielo.br)
The polymeric coating of inorganic oxide particles has been a strategy for preparation of reversed stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography with low cost, good selectivity and high hydrolytic stability. (scielo.br)
This provided a stationary phase with dualfunctionality, which was applied to the on-line extraction of proteins, followed by reversed-phase chromatography. (dcu.ie)
Over recent years development of ion chromatography (IC) has focused on new phase technologies to s~multaneously increase efficlency and vary selectivity. (dcu.ie)
By exploiting properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2), such as solvating power and enhanced diffusivity, organosilanes are reacted with surface silanol groups, for a clean, solvent-free preparation of highly efficient silica bonded phases for liquid chromatography (LC), such as octadecylsilica, fluorinated octylsilica and pentafluorophenylpropyl phases (1). (labmate-online.com)
The stationary phase is also commonly known as the packing, which is the core part of chromatography. (flashcolumns.com)
After modification, it has a wide range of applications in the separation and purification of biomolecules such as proteins and carbohydrates in ion exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and reversed-phase hydrophobic chromatography. (flashcolumns.com)
The chromatographic mode in which the polarity of the modified groups on the matrix is greater than the polarity of the mobile phase is called normal phase chromatography, which relies on the different polarity of the sample to distribute between the stationary phase and the mobile phase to achieve separation. (flashcolumns.com)
Among the various separation techniques available at an analytical scale, reverse phase chromatography is the most favored and widely used method. (chemistnotes.com)
This phenomenon is responsible for the retention in reverse-phase chromatography. (chemistnotes.com)
In reverse-phase chromatography, the mobile phase is more polar than the stationary phase. (chemistnotes.com)
Thermodynamic studies of a zwitterionic stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. (illumina.com)
Application NoteIntroducing Atlantis BEH Z-HILIC: AZwitterionic Stationary Phase Based onHybrid Organic/Inorganic ParticlesThomas H. Walter, Kenneth D. Berthelette, Amit Patel, Bonnie A. Alden, Justin McLaughlin, Jessica Field, NicoleLawrence, Steve ShinerWaters Corporation AbstractAmong the many stationary phase chemistries available for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. (labrulez.com)
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) provides an alternative approach to effectively separate small polar compounds on polar stationary phases. (springer.com)
Normal or reversed-phase liquid chromatography can be used for analysis. (springer.com)
For historical reasons, it has been reported that HILIC is a variant of normal phase liquid chromatography, but the separation mechanism used in HILIC is more complicated than that in NP-LC. (springer.com)
For example, it is suitable for analyzing compounds in complex systems that always elute near the void in reserved-phase chromatography. (springer.com)
The FG-HKUST-1 composite was used as a stationary phase for a micro gas chromatography column (µGCC) fabricated using micro-electro-mechanical system ( MEMS ) technology . (bvsalud.org)
Microfluidic columns with nanotech nology-enabled stationary phases for gas chromatography. (cdc.gov)
Gas chromatography is a chromatography technique that can separate and analyze volatile compounds in gas phase. (globenewswire.com)
Depending on stationary phase used in this analytical technique, there are two types of gas chromatography: gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and gas-solid chromatography (GSC). (globenewswire.com)
The mobile phase for gas chromatography is a carrier gas, typically helium due to its low molecular weight and being chemically inert. (globenewswire.com)
Moreover, technologically advanced products such as temperature-programmed chip-based GC, GCxGC, and new GC phase including nanoparticles, ionic liquids, and co-polymers are expected to propel the demand for gas chromatography procedures during the forecast period. (globenewswire.com)
UHPSFC , ultra- pacted by other parameters, such as the addition of the mod- high performance supercritical fluid chromatography ifier and the change of the mobile phase density [20]. (lu.se)
Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix. (bvsalud.org)

The docking of analytes on the Whelk-O1 chiral stationary phase is explored for two chiral epoxides in a hexane solvent. (sharcnet.ca)
Molecular dynamics simulations of the racemates in the presence of the Whelk-O1 chiral stationary phase reveal the distribution of the enantiomers at the interface. (sharcnet.ca)
This supercritical fluid technology is also applicable to the synthesis of important silica intermediates and even to the preparation of chiral stationary phases. (labmate-online.com)
Mechanisms of chiral discrimination by these and other types of chiral HPLC phases are discussed in terms of the interactions between functionalitles in the stationary phase and solute enantiomers. (warwick.ac.uk)
Whilst it is currently common practice to use very wide pore (up to 4000 Angstrom) silicas as supports for carbohydrate carbamate phases, it was concluded from the present work that there is little or no justification for using such supports and that good chromatographic performance and effective chiral discrimination can be achieved on much smaller pore (e. g. 500 Angstrom), higher surface area materials. (warwick.ac.uk)
The naphthyl carbamate phase showed no resolving ability for any of these racemates and this appeared to correlate with the presence of N-H bands in the it spectrum which were indicative of severe disruption of the organised, H-bonded 3-dimensional structure necessary for chiral discrimination. (warwick.ac.uk)
By modifying the matrix or bonding different groups, different separation types of stationary phases are formed, which usually include: normal phase, reverse phase, ion exchange, size exclusion, chiral, and other stationary phases. (flashcolumns.com)
The chromatographic performances of four coated and immobilized amylose phenylcarbamate-based chiral columns were evaluated and compared under normal phase (NP) elution conditions by using chiral 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives as analytes. (unive.it)
The terpenoid chiral selectors dehydroabietic acid, 12,14-dinitrodehydroabietic acid and friedelin have been covalently linked to silica gel yielding three chiral stationary phases CSP 1, CSP 2 and CSP 3, respectively. (ua.pt)
The enantiodiscriminating capability of each one of these phases was evaluated by HPLC with four families of chiral aromatic compounds composed of alcohols, amines, phenylalanine and tryptophan amino acid derivatives and beta-lactams. (ua.pt)
In order to understand the structural factors that govern the chiral molecular recognition ability of these phases, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out in the gas phase with binary diastereomeric complexes formed by the selectors of CSP 1 and CSP 2 and several amino acid derivatives. (ua.pt)

The characteristics of the hydrophilic stationary phase may affect and in some cases limit the choices of mobile phase composition, ion strength or buffer pH value available, since mechanisms other than hydrophilic partitioning could potentially occur. (springer.com)

This polymer's surface contains reactive silanols (Si-OH) that offer a number of possibilities for the synthesis of chemically-bonded phases. (chromatographyonline.com)
In 1973, Locke correctly predicted that organosilanes would transform HPLC columns via chemically-bonded phases, mentioning that polymerization of silanes would be the synthetic route taken in general with chemical reactions being carried out to produce a primary organosilane layer (5). (chromatographyonline.com)
Zirconized silica-based phases were more chemically resistant, despite their strong retention of basic solutes. (scielo.br)
In general, the chromatographic performance and chemical stability of metalized silica-based self-immobilized PMTDS phases were similar to conventional chemically bonded stationary phases. (scielo.br)
The relationship between the structure and chromatographic properties of silica is discussed and the preparation and properties of chemically-bonded stationary phases based on silica are reviewed. (warwick.ac.uk)
that is, the stationary phases bonded chemically to a solid support. (epa.gov)

The minimum biofilm eradication concentration was usually two times higher than the minimum bactericidal concentration, yet it was never higher than 1% v/v. The fastest killing of biofilm occurred during the first 15min of contact with TTO and was not influenced by increasing TTO concentration above 1% v/v. Planktonic stationary phase cells exhibited decreased susceptibility to TTO compared with exponential phase cells. (nih.gov)
The killing rate for stationary phase cells was also less affected by increasing TTO concentration than that for exponential phase cells. (nih.gov)
Six cDNA clones, which showed differential hybridisation to mRNAs of exponential and stationary phase cells, were used as probes to recover the cognate genes from a library of yeast genomic DNA fragments carried in the bacteriophage vector, EMBL3. (le.ac.uk)
To understand the dynamics of bacterial growth physiology and size control in dynamic nutrient environments, we have developed a coarse-grained proteome sector model which connects gene expression to growth rate and division control, and accurately predicts the cell-level E. coli response to nutrient perturbations in both exponential and stationary phase seen in experimental data 5 , 25 . (nature.com)

The purpose of this work was to review the options for the characterization of HILIC stationary phases and their applications for separations of polar compounds in complex matrices. (springer.com)
Polar samples always show good solubility in the aqueous mobile phase used in HILIC, which overcomes the drawbacks of the poor solubility often encountered in NP-LC. (springer.com)

The selectivity of 11 isomeric analogue sets (out of 12) increased by 2 to 25% over the 5% diphenyl/95% dimethylpolysiloxane phase showing an ionic liquid column is more favorable for separating fentanyl analogues. (ojp.gov)
The other four carbamate phases all showed resolving ability, each with its own specific pattern of solute selectivity. (warwick.ac.uk)
This approach minimizes the use of volatile organic solvents typically used in TLC protocols, while varying the selectivity of chromatographic separation by using multiple phenylandoctyl-modified stationary phases printed on a silica gel TLC plate. (ateneo.edu)
n-Hexane/2-propanol 90:10 and n-hexane/2-propanol/methanol 90:5:5 mixtures were employed as mobile phases (MPs), and the effect of adding methanol in the MP on retention and selectivity was considered. (unive.it)

This technique consists of a polar mobile phase and a non-polar(less polar) stationary phase. (chemistnotes.com)
If the analyte molecule is more non-polar (molar hydrophobic), it will spend more time on the non-polar stationary phase. (chemistnotes.com)
The major difference between the normal phase column and the reverse phase column is that the normal phase column consists of a polar stationary phase and a non-polar mobile phase while the reverse phase column consists of a non-polar stationary phase and a polar mobile phase. (chemistnotes.com)

The water in the mobile phase repels the non-polar regions of the solute molecules which facilitates their interaction with the non-polar functional groups of the stationary phase (Non-polar). (chemistnotes.com)

The retention increases as the polarity of the mobile phase decreases, and thus polar analytes are more strongly retained than nonpolar ones. (springer.com)
The role of mobile phase polarity, a mixture of n-hexane and propan-2-ol in different ratios, was also evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. (ua.pt)

Ludwig, A , Mogeritsch, JP & Witusiewicz, VT 2023, ' Hypo-peritectic TRIS-NPG in a stationary temperature gradient: Thermodynamics, grain boundary migration and phase identification ', Journal of crystal growth , Jg. (unileoben.ac.at)

The matrix is the basic material composed of the stationary phase, and the commonly used matrix materials are divided into three categories: inorganic, organic, and composite materials. (flashcolumns.com)
However, compared with inorganic substrates such as silica gel, the separation mechanical strength that the organic matrix stationary phase can withstand is lower, and the separation and purification effect is poor, which limits its scope of application in purification. (flashcolumns.com)
The composite matrix is compatible with and neutralizes the advantages and disadvantages of the inorganic matrix and the organic matrix, but the corresponding stationary phase of the composite matrix is generally expensive, so it is less used in preparation and purification. (flashcolumns.com)
Typically, in reverse phase comprises water and water-miscible organic solvents like methanol, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran. (chemistnotes.com)
A desirable mobile phase would contain high organic content for better sensitivity and also show good on-column retention for polar ionic compounds. (springer.com)
A low-viscosity mobile phase consisting of compressed trial organic matter in geosciences because the composition carbon dioxide is used in SFC to achieve fast and efficient of its phenols is an important indicator of the type of original separation. (lu.se)

The ion-exchange properties of these new phases were investigated and the retention mechanism of Ions on these stationary phases elucidated. (dcu.ie)

Moreover, octyl(C8), hexyl(C6), propyl(C3), ethyl (C2), phenyl, and cyclohexyl functional groups are bonded to a silica surface which makes the silica stationary phase nonpolar and hydrophobic. (chemistnotes.com)

An nvestigation into the retention of transltlon metal cations was also made and it was hown that cations could be simultaneously separated with inorganic anions, as anlonlc complexes with the eluent anion, on the new zwitterionlc phase. (dcu.ie)
It was shown that the retention of solutes by these phases correlated directly with the w/w phase loading, whilst both the separation factor and resolution for various enantiomers displayed a more complex relationship. (warwick.ac.uk)
By utilizing a three-way ANOVA, the composition of the mobile phase has been shown to have a significant effect on deuterated acetonitrile and other investigated void volume markers, demonstrating the fact that both void volume markers and acetonitrile itself exhibit retention-like behaviour. (lu.se)

The sample is transported through the column by the flow of inert, gaseous mobile phase. (majortests.com)
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. (bvsalud.org)

Using the principle of stationary phase, we can approximate the propagation over a terrain (the PO approximation of the vector problem with a 3-D surface) with a 2-D surface. (intechopen.com)

In this study, we determined whether TTO is effective against Staphylococcus aureus in biofilms and how TTO activity is affected by the S. aureus growth phase. (nih.gov)
These data show that TTO efficiently kills S. aureus in the stationary growth phase and within biofilms and is therefore a promising tool for S. aureus eradication. (nih.gov)
S, stationary growth phase. (cdc.gov)
B) Isolates analyzed for sprD (srn_3800) expression levels at E growth phase: 21 from asymptomatic carriers, 23 from patients persons with nonsevere sepsis, and 17 from patients with septic shock. (cdc.gov)

Solvent (mobile phase) is then made to flow through the silica bed (under gravity or pressure). (janisb.best)
The individual components are separated between a stationary phase (the tubular column in a column) and a mobile phase, which flows through the stationary packing (in this case a liquid). (burkert.com)
The pressure is applied and the mobile phase moves the analyte through the column. (globenewswire.com)
The comparison of void volumes, obtained with conventional neutral void volume markers, revealed the former to be 24-36% lower than the void volume obtained using deuterated acetonitrile, as an isotopically labelled mobile phase component. (lu.se)
For a water:acetonitrile mobile phase, the minor disturbance method using deuterated acetonitrile to obtain an integral average void volume (2.08 and 2.05 mL for C18 at 30 and 40 °C, respectively and 2.16 and 2.13 mL for C8 at 30 and 40 °C, respectively) was found to be the most appropriate method for determining the elusive column void volume. (lu.se)

All three phases resolve well the racemates of N-trifluoracetyl and N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl phenylalanine amino acid ester derivatives. (ua.pt)

A detailed account is given of the history of the development of carbohydrate-based stationary phases, including microcrystalline cellulose, other polysaccharides and monosaccharides and their ester and carbamate derivatives, with emphasis on their utility for the chromatographic resolution of enantiomers. (warwick.ac.uk)

The self-immobilization of polymer onto titanized silica particles produces more homogeneous polymeric coatings and stationary phases without silanophilic activity. (scielo.br)
The preparation of phases may occur by cross-linking of a polymer initiated by a chemical agent 5 5 Figge, H. (scielo.br)
Another possibility for preparation of the polymer-coated stationary phases with pre-synthesized polymers has been by the self-immobilization process. (scielo.br)
Hamilton offers 21 polymer-based stationary phases as well as two silica gels (C8 and C18) to satisfy most separation/purification needs. (hamiltoncompany.com)

The tri(2-hexanamido)ethylamine core IL series proved to be very interesting in that it not only showed the highest separation efficiency for all test mixtures, but it also is the first IL stationary phase (containing NTf 2 − anions) that eliminates peak tailing for alcohols and other H-bonding analytes. (figshare.com)

24 compounds were separated 36% faster with an elution window increase of 33% on the ionic liquid phase compared to the 5% diphenyl/95% dimethylpolysiloxane phase. (ojp.gov)

The different components of the analyte exhibit varying degrees of adhesion to the silica (see later), and as a result they travel at different speeds through the stationary phase as the solvent flows through it, indicated by the separation of the different bands. (janisb.best)

Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction has been optimized and applied to the simultaneous determination of the neutral and basic pharmaceuticals: caffeine, carbamazepine, clomipramine, chlorprothixene and clotrimazole at low concentrations in municipal wastewater. (degruyter.com)

It is thus used to separate and detect small molecular weight compounds in the gas phase. (globenewswire.com)

Trigonal tricationic ionic liquids (ILs) are a new class of ILs that appear to be unique when used as gas chromatographic stationary phases. (figshare.com)

Due to the various velocities at which all liquids are pumped through the system, individual components can be separated based on the different flow properties and varying interactions between the stationary and the mobile phases of the substances. (burkert.com)

The column itself contains a liquid stationary phase which is absorbed onto the surface of an inert solid. (majortests.com)
Today HAWACH will talk about the connotation of the purification column-stationary phase. (flashcolumns.com)
To determine the stationary phase packed in the Flash purification column, three aspects of the stationary phase must be determined in sequence: matrix type, surface modification/bonding phase, and matrix parameters. (flashcolumns.com)
Hamilton gives you control to build any column to your specifications with any of our stationary phases in any combination of our column hardware formats. (hamiltoncompany.com)
Micro gas chromatographic column with copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate modified by multilayer fluorinated graphene as a stationary phase. (bvsalud.org)
The separation is accomplished using a column coated with a stationary phase. (globenewswire.com)

We have compared to commonly used phase estimators, for different types of disturbances. (lu.se)

Their migration is governed by liquid diffusion and, in multiphase materials, depends highly on the phases present. (unileoben.ac.at)

At a stationary temperature gradient, the grain boundaries comprising residual melt can migrate. (unileoben.ac.at)

Two absorption type stationary phases: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylate (PA) have been found to be most effective for extraction of target analytes. (degruyter.com)

To increase selectlvlty it IS necessary to develop new selective ]on-exchangers by varying the nature of functional groups and the matrix of the statlonary phase. (dcu.ie)

The separation results showed that the µGCC with the FG-HKUST-1 composite stationary phase achieved a baseline separation of C1-C4 in 8 min. (bvsalud.org)

Although new synthetic approaches have been applied to reversed-phase ligands, the bulk of the commercially available phases are still manufactured via conventional methods (6). (chromatographyonline.com)

These phases were prepared by the exhaustive reaction of free hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates, such as cellulose and amylose, with aryl isocyanates, such as phenyl isocyanate and 3,5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate. (warwick.ac.uk)

Similarly, two new types of functionalized stationary phases are also demonstrated i.e. a highly stable and homogenous silica nanoparticle s coating deposited using a layer-by-layer self-assembly scheme and a highly conformal functionalized thin aluminum oxide film deposited using atomic layer deposition. (cdc.gov)

The development of stress resistance, a hallmark of stationary-phase cells, is affected following alcohol treatment, as is the response to extracellular factors in spent medium. (harvard.edu)

The sorbed materials, after 6 days at room temperature without any chemical or physical agent, denominated as self-immobilized stationary phase, present appropriate polymeric layer thicknesses that cover the metalized silica surfaces. (scielo.br)
As we found temperature gradient zone melting (TGZM) at low temperatures, the presence of the peritectic phase could be excluded even though a near-peritectic alloy had been processed. (unileoben.ac.at)

Therefore, this phenomenon can be used for phase identification if data on metastable extensions of the corresponding phase diagram are available. (unileoben.ac.at)

It is used in normal-phase purification systems. (flashcolumns.com)
However, it is difficult to modify the surface of alumina, so it is still used in normal phase purification systems at most and a small amount in ion exchange systems. (flashcolumns.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms34

Chemicals and Drugs119

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes60

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science3

Health Care5

Chromatography31

Chiral11

Hydrophilic stationary1

Chemically6

Exponential4

HILIC2

Selectivity4

Polar stationary3

Solute1

Polarity2

20231

Organic6

Mechanism1

Hydrophobic1

Retention3

Gaseous2

Principle1

Growth phase4

Mobile phase5

Amino1

Enantiomers1

Polymer4

Mixtures1

Elution1

Flows1

Simultaneous1

Molecular1

Ionic Liquids1

Interactions1

Column6

Commonly1

Liquid1

Residual1

Analytes1

Functional groups1

Composite1

Conventional1

Hydroxyl groups1

Types1

Development1

Temperature2

Phenomenon1

Normal phase2