Thus rna double stranded. Medical search. Frequent questions

Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Double-stranded RNA viruses are classified into two phyla, Duplornaviricota and Pisuviricota (specifically class Duplopiviricetes), in the kingdom Orthornavirae and realm Riboviria. (wikipedia.org)
The two phyla do not share a common dsRNA virus ancestor, but evolved their double strands two separate times from positive-strand RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Double-stranded RNA viruses include the rotaviruses, known globally as a common cause of gastroenteritis in young children, and bluetongue virus, an economically significant pathogen of cattle and sheep. (wikipedia.org)
Based on phylogenetic analysis of RdRp, the two clades do not share a common dsRNA ancestor but are instead separately descended from different positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The class Duplopiviricetes is the second clade of dsRNA viruses and is in the phylum Pisuviricota, which also contains positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a molecular pattern associated with viral infection, because it is produced by most viruses at some point during their replication. (nih.gov)
However, an IFN-stimulated gene, the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), favors the replication of several viruses. (elsevierpure.com)
ADAR1 is now known to be involved in defending the genome against viruses, and it may affect RNA interference. (biomedcentral.com)
This type of RNA is produced by viruses, including DWV. (nih.gov)
Flaviviruses are a large group of positive strand RNA viruses transmitted by arthropods that include many human pathogens such as West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus. (mdpi.com)
Most double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses transcribe RNA plus strands within a common innermost capsid shell. (rcsb.org)
Positive-strand RNA viruses, the largest genetic class of viruses, include numerous important pathogens such as Zika virus. (elifesciences.org)
These viruses replicate their RNA genomes in novel, membrane-bounded mini-organelles, but the organization of viral proteins and RNAs in these compartments has been largely unknown. (elifesciences.org)
RNA replication on expanded, rearranged cellular membranes is universal among positive-strand RNA viruses and thus presents a target for broadly applicable antiviral therapies. (elifesciences.org)

This inhibition has been shown to be superior to single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides and opens the possibility of the use of dsRNAs as reverse genetic and therapeutic tools in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
Cas14, as the smallest protein discovered to-date, is equipped with single-stranded DNA cutting capability, making it uniquely positioned for hyper-specific applications across infectious disease, genetic mutations, and oncology. (webwire.com)
St. Jude scientist Vibhor Mishra, Ph.D., is homing in on the location where important processes in gene regulation occur, and where single-stranded transcripts are converted into double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). (phys.org)
Parvovirus B19 is a small, single-stranded DNA virus that replicates in dividing cells and thus has a remarkable tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells. (medscape.com)
HCV is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. (medscape.com)
Rubella virus is the sole member of the Rubivirus genus (Togaviridae family) and is a single-stranded RNA virus. (medscape.com)
Like double-stranded DNA, single-stranded RNA consists of a chain of so-called nucleotides. (uni-muenster.de)

The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the host cell's ribosomes, which translate it into viral proteins. (wikipedia.org)
For short templates we recommend to increase in template concentration, polymerase concentration and reaction time, since transcription of small RNAs is largely dependent on the number of initiation events. (neb.com)
This process requires coordinated efforts by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) together with other capsid proteins and genomic RNA. (rcsb.org)
The two oligos anneal at the overlapping region and are filled in by the DNA polymerase, creating a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) template for transcription. (neb.com)
C. The DNA polymerase extends both oligos from their 3´ ends creating a double-stranded DNA template. (neb.com)
D. The RNA polymerase recognizes the double-stranded DNA of the T7 promoter and initiates transcription. (neb.com)

Orthologous to human STAU2 (staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 2). (jax.org)
This transcript may also stabilize mRNAs by blocking degradation by staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 1. (nih.gov)

Instead, in response to detecting dsRNA from an invader, and repelling it, worms and other invertebrates trigger a gene-silencing pathway known as RNA interference, or RNAi . (nih.gov)
Observed in 1990's in plants and fungi, RNA interference (RNAi) was first described as a phenomenon contributing to Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS). (igbiosystems.com)
Recent intense work in the field has shown that small dsRNAs mediate sequence specific RNA degradation in the process known as RNA interference (RNAi). (nih.gov)
RNA interference ( RNAi ) utilizes a conserved cellular autoimmune defense mechanism involving the internalization of dsRNA into cells and the activation of a set of RNAi related genes . (bvsalud.org)
A discussion of modern technologies such as transgenic resistance, marker assisted selection and RNA interference, and future directions that could be undertaken to integrate resistance to thrips and to orthotospoviruses in peanut cultivars is included in this article. (frontiersin.org)

Here, we demonstrate that chromosomal association depends solely on the three double-stranded RNA-binding domains (dsRBDs) found in the central part of ADAR1, but not on the Z-DNA-binding domain in the NH 2 terminus nor the catalytic deaminase domain in the COOH terminus of the protein. (rupress.org)
The expression RNAi, was coined in 1998 by Fire and Mello who reported double stranded (dsRNA) in C.elegans could inhibit protein expression and the active species involved were short ds RNA 22-30 bases long called short interfering RNA (siRNA). (igbiosystems.com)
The encoded protein is a double-stranded RNA binding protein that functions as the non-catalytic subunit of the microprocessor complex. (nih.gov)
This protein is required for binding the double-stranded RNA substrate and facilitates cleavage of the RNA by the ribonuclease III protein, Drosha. (nih.gov)
This family of cytokines activates the expression of antiviral proteins, such as the protein kinase R (PKR), an inhibitor of viral mRNA translation, and the double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, by knocking out either protein kinase R (PKR) or mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-another protein controlling the response to duplex RNA-in ADAR1 KO cells, we show that PKR activation elicits a stronger antiviral response. (elsevierpure.com)
Although the protein encoded by 3′-proximal ORF2 on dsRNA-1 shows sequence identities of 22 to 32% with RNA-dependent RNA polymerases from members of the families Totiviridae and Chrysoviridae, the remaining three virus-encoded proteins lack sequence similarities with any reported mycovirus proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
In the first step of making a protein from a gene, another type of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) is formed and acts as the blueprint for protein production. (medlineplus.gov)
A loop, which was thought to separate the RNA template and transcript, interacts with an apical domain of the capsid shell protein, suggesting a mechanism for regulating RdRp replication and transcription. (rcsb.org)
A conserved nucleoside triphosphate binding site was localized in our RdRp cofactor protein VP4 structure, and interactions between the VP4 and the genomic RNA were identified. (rcsb.org)
Each spherule's necked aperture is crowned by a striking cupped ring structure containing multifunctional FHV RNA replication protein A. Subtomogram averaging of these crowns revealed twelve-fold symmetry, concentric flanking protrusions, and a central electron density. (elifesciences.org)
and help to spatially segregate the viral RNA genome's competing functions as an mRNA for viral protein synthesis, a template for viral RNA synthesis, and a substrate for encapsidation. (elifesciences.org)
LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 inhibits trophoblast autophagy in preeclampsia by targeting microRNA-31-5p and promoting the transcription of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine. (nih.gov)

ADAR1 binds double-stranded RNA and converts adenosine to inosine by deamination. (elsevierpure.com)
The role of ADARs is to deaminate adenosine to inosine non-specifically in long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or site-specifically in transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)

Substrates of ADARs include viral RNAs and endogenous transcripts. (rupress.org)
Thus, ADAR1 prevents innate immunity activation by cellular transcripts that include extensive duplex RNA structures. (elsevierpure.com)

The RNA-editing enzyme adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA (ADAR1) deaminates adenosines to inosines in double-stranded RNA substrates. (rupress.org)
The ADAR1 gene was found to encode three double-stranded-RNA binding domains (dsRBDs) and a deaminase domain with zinc-binding motifs (Figure 1 ), similar to those of zinc-dependent cytosine deaminases and to the cytosine-to-uracil RNA-editing enzyme APOBEC1. (biomedcentral.com)

Target-specific oligos (or EnGen sgRNA Control Oligo, S. pyogenes) are mixed with the EnGen 2X sgRNA Reaction Mix (NTPs, dNTPs, S. pyogenes Cas9 Scaffold Oligo), 0.1 M DTT and the EnGen sgRNA Enzyme Mix (DNA and RNA polymerases) at room temperature. (neb.com)

Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) * are a family of RNA-editing enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosines to inosines in a diverse group of mostly double-stranded RNA substrates. (rupress.org)
As a postdoc in the 1980s, she stumbled upon a whole new class of enzymes, called ADARs, that edit RNA [2]. (nih.gov)
Because the researchers had labelled the modifications with the propargyl groups, the enzymes necessary for the rewriting of the RNA arrested. (uni-muenster.de)

Structurally, all ADARs possess a conserved deaminase domain in their COOH terminus required for enzymatic activity as well as one or several copies of the double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD) in their central region. (rupress.org)
It turns out that ADARs specifically edit a molecule called double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). (nih.gov)
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) were discovered as a result of their ability extensively to deaminate adenosines in any long double-stranded RNA, converting them to inosines. (biomedcentral.com)
It appears that ADARs evolved from a member of another family, adenosine deaminases acting on tRNAs (ADATs), by steps including fusion of two or more double-stranded-RNA binding domains to a common type of zinc-containing adenosine-deaminase domain. (biomedcentral.com)

The structure of these capsid proteins enabled us to observe the elaborate nonicosahedral structure within the double-layered icosahedral capsid. (rcsb.org)
The structural organization of viral RNAs and proteins at such membrane-associated sites of RNA replication has been largely unknown. (elifesciences.org)

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been shown to trigger sequence-specific gene silencing in a wide variety of organisms, including plant, nematode and invertebrate species. (nih.gov)
Specific Inhibition of Gene Expression by Small Double-Stranded RNAs in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Systems," Proc. (nih.gov)
Short versus long double-stranded RNA activation of a post-transcriptional gene knockdown pathway. (bvsalud.org)
We were initially performing gene deletion to investigate how different types of cells communicate in the liver to promote or suppress cancer development when we found that this synthetic double-stranded RNA prevented liver cancer from initiating by harnessing the body's own innate immune system. (eurekalert.org)
This gene represent a snoRNA host gene and produces a long non-coding RNA. (nih.gov)
This RNA may regulate gene expression by acting as a sponge for microRNAs. (nih.gov)
Interaction of bacterial CpG-ODN and viral double-stranded RNA (poly I:C) on nitric oxide synthesis and cytokine gene expression in chicken monocytes [abstract]. (usda.gov)
We have investigated the innate immune response of chicken monocytes to bacterial CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinucleotide, CpG-ODN, and the analog of viral double-stranded RNA, poly I:C, by measuring the induction of NO synthesis and cytokine gene expressions. (usda.gov)

Christopher Smith , a member of the Yigit Lab in the Chemistry Department at UAlbany, was awarded the Markus Landthaler Award for Best RNA Paper 2020 at the April 20th, 2021 Hudson Valley RNA Club RNA Salon . (albany.edu)

sfRNA is a product of incomplete degradation of genomic RNA by the cell 5'-3' exoribonuclease XRN1 which stalls at highly ordered secondary RNA structures at the beginning of the 3'UTR. (mdpi.com)

CPV exhibits striking capsid stability and is fully capable of endogenous RNA transcription and processing. (wikipedia.org)

The genetic information of the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA in a process known as transcription. (uni-muenster.de)
Synthesis of the dsDNA template and transcription of RNA occur in a single reaction, resulting in the generation of a functional sgRNA. (neb.com)

These spherular invaginations of outer mitochondrial membranes are packed with electron-dense RNA fibrils and their volumes are closely correlated with RNA replication template length. (elifesciences.org)

Type I interferons (IFNs) are a group of antiviral cytokines that are induced during viral infection by viral-replication products, such as double-stranded (ds)RNA. (nature.com)

When insect immune systems encounter dsRNA, they respond by attacking similar RNA sequences. (nih.gov)
A team of molecular biologists at the Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence and at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine in Münster headed by Sebastian Leidel sequenced this newly synthesized DNA strand, in other words they read the sequences of nucleotides. (uni-muenster.de)
These sequences have been adapted for use in the lab by combining the tracrRNA and crRNA into one long single guide RNA (sgRNA) (1) species capable of complexing with Cas9 to recognize and cleave the target DNA. (neb.com)

While studying the pathogenic mechanisms of liver cancer, the researchers discovered that a commonly used synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) strongly boosts a variety of anti-tumor innate immune functions. (eurekalert.org)

The positive-strand RNA can also be replicated by the RdRp to create a new double-stranded viral genome. (wikipedia.org)
These results provide new mechanistic insights into positive-strand RNA virus replication compartment structure, assembly, function and control. (elifesciences.org)
To address these questions, we turned to flock house virus (FHV), a well-studied, model positive-strand RNA virus in the nodavirus family. (elifesciences.org)

In RNA, however, there are also many chemical changes to these nucleotides - known as RNA modifications. (uni-muenster.de)
The crRNA, or CRISPR RNA sequence contains approximately 20 nucleotides of homology complementary to the strand of DNA opposite and upstream of a PAM (Protospacer Adjacent Motif) (NGG) sequence. (neb.com)

The laboratory utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing and bioinformatics approaches to understand disease pathophysiology directly in humans and to understand how the immune system regulates the microbiota. (nih.gov)

This form of editing makes duplex RNA unstable, thereby preventing IFN induction. (elsevierpure.com)
Editing is focused on inverted transposable elements, located mainly within introns and untranslated regions, and predicted to form duplex RNA structures. (elsevierpure.com)

We used cryo-electron tomography to reveal many previously unrecognized features of Flock house nodavirus (FHV) RNA replication compartments. (elifesciences.org)

CTF virus contains 12 segments of double-stranded RNA. (cdc.gov)
and virus double stranded RNA. (nih.gov)
HBV is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus. (medscape.com)

As an alternate strategy, researchers have tried introducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into bee colonies. (nih.gov)
In their interdisciplinary collaboration, the researchers have succeeded for the first time in chemo-enzymatically labelling an important change in messenger RNA - the so-called m6A modification - and subsequently detecting it precisely by means of modern molecular biological methods. (uni-muenster.de)

The resulting DNA strand is a copy of the previous RNA and can be investigated using molecular biological methods. (uni-muenster.de)

Distinct roles for MDA5 and TLR3 in the acute response to inhaled double-stranded RNA. (nih.gov)

The binding site of the RNA end at VP2 is different from the RNA cap binding site identified in the crystal structure of orthoreovirus RdRp λ3, although the structures of VP2 and λ3 are almost identical. (rcsb.org)

Many crowns were associated with long cytoplasmic fibrils, likely to be exported progeny RNA. (elifesciences.org)

Anatomy6

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes44

Information Science3

Health Care2

Viruses15

Single-stranded7

Polymerase6

Staufen double-stranded RN2

Interference5

Protein13

Adenosine to inosine2

Transcripts2

ADAR12

Polymerases1

Enzymes3

ADARs4

Proteins2

Gene8

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Genomic1

Endogenous1

Transcription2

Mitochondrial1

Antiviral1

Sequences3

Innate immune1

Positive-strand3

Nucleotides2

Utilizes1

Duplex2

Replication1

Virus3

Researchers2

Molecular1

TLR31

RdRp1

Long1