• Acentrosomal asters are small populations of microtubules that are nucleated on or around the condensed chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis. (radikes.com)
  • Remarkably, despite the high turnover of microtubules throughout mitosis 2 , the spindle maintains its bipolar structure with the chromosomes at its center and two poles that are separated by the plane of cell division. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, the implication that the active form of Ran is concentrated in the vicinity of chromosomes suggests that these findings may resolve the long-standing question of how chromosomes can influence spindle assembly in the absence of microtubule-nucleating organelles (i.e., as in plant mitosis or mammalian meiosis). (silverchair.com)
  • RAN could be a key signaling molecule regulating microtubule polymerization during mitosis. (nkmaxbio.com)
  • In addition, these drugs are known to induce serious side effects due to inhibition of mitosis in other proliferating cells (mainly bone marrow and gut) as well as inhibition of other microtubules-dependent functions, such as neuronal processes [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the centrosome organizes the microtubules of a cell, it has to do with the formation of the mitotic spindle, polarity and, therefore, cell shape, as well as all other processes having to do with the mitotic spindle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Predicted to be active in centrosome and equatorial microtubule organizing center. (nih.gov)
  • They develop in a juxtanuclear position, adjacent to the centrosome, the microtubule organizing centre of the cell, and share some protein components. (biorxiv.org)
  • We investigated whether the formation of aggresomes affected key centrosome functions: its ability to organize the microtubule network and to promote cilia formation. (biorxiv.org)
  • The juxtanuclear location of the aggresome is shared by the centrosome, the microtubule organising centre of the cell. (biorxiv.org)
  • Indeed, by quantitatively analysing several models of microtubule growth, we conclude that minus-ends of KMTs have selectively detached and depolymerized from the centrosome. (nature.com)
  • The centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles and a surrounding matrix of pericentriolar material that anchors microtubule nucleation sites and consequently determines the number and organization of microtubules in interphase and mitotic cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Acts as a centrosome maturation factor, probably by maintaining the integrity of the pericentriolar material and proper microtubule nucleation at mitotic spindle poles. (univ-amu.fr)
  • In contrast to well-studied fungal and animal cells, plant cells assemble bipolar spindles that exhibit a great deal of plasticity in the absence of structurally defined microtubule-organizing centers like the centrosome. (nsf.gov)
  • Although many key factors contributing to MT nucleation and organization are well conserved in different kingdoms, the centrosome, representing the most prominent microtubule organizing centers ( MTOC s), disappeared during plant evolution as angiosperms lack the structure. (nsf.gov)
  • Instead, Ran and its associated proteins shift their focus from nuclear transport to the regulation of microtubule dynamics. (silverchair.com)
  • While plants employ some evolutionarily conserved proteins to regulate spindle morphogenesis and remodeling, many essential spindle assembly factors found in vertebrates are either missing or not required for producing the plant bipolar microtubule array. (nsf.gov)
  • It is intriguing what proteins are associated with plant‐specific MTOC s and how plant cells activate or inactivate MT nucleation activities in spatiotemporally regulated manners. (nsf.gov)
  • Non-collagenous proteins could be involved in the nucleation of calcium- and phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite) and may also control the initial growth and orientation of the ionic nucleus. (intelligentdental.com)
  • In the lab of Dr. Isabelle Vernos at the Center for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, Spain I investigated microtubule dynamics during cell division. (radikes.com)
  • In addition to this cell work I learned how to harvest Xenopus laevis extracts, how to deplete key mitotic regulators from the extract and how to induce the formation of spindles in these extracts, in order to probe how key mitotic factors regulate microtubules dynamics and spindle formation. (radikes.com)
  • ASPM and CITK regulate spindle orientation by affecting the dynamics of astral microtubules. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we report that AQP5 promotes microtubule assembly and helps maintain the assembled microtubule steady state levels with slower turnover dynamics in cells . (plos.org)
  • These findings indicate that AQP5-mediated regulation of microtubule dynamics modulates airway epithelial barrier properties and epithelial function. (plos.org)
  • It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To connect microscopic dynamics to macroscale behaviors we measured the phase diagram of a new system of microtubule filaments and end-accumulating kinesin molecular motors. (aps.org)
  • The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)
  • May connect the nectin-afadin and E-cadherin-catenin system through alpha-actinin and may be involved in organization of the actin cytoskeleton at AJs through afadi n and alpha-actinin (By similarity). (univ-amu.fr)
  • In airway epithelial cells, altered AQP5 abundance is associated with changes in actin organization and in desmoplakin localization, which could contribute to the changes in paracellular permeability. (plos.org)
  • Extensive efforts over the past few years have focused on understanding the non-equilibrium macroscale behaviors of filamentous biopolymers such as microtubules and actin filaments that are driven by associated molecular motors. (aps.org)
  • ASPM and CITK affect the organization of astral microtubules (MT), and low doses of MT-stabilizing drug revert the spindle orientation phenotype produced by their knockdown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Finally, CITK regulates both astral-MT nucleation and stability. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We classify them as kinetochore (KMTs), spindle (SMTs) or astral microtubules (AMTs) according to their positions, and quantify distinct properties of each class. (nature.com)
  • Franck Perez mainly focuses on Cell biology, Microtubule, Tubulin, Microtubule nucleation and Astral microtubules. (research.com)
  • His studies deal with areas such as Astral microtubules and Microtubule nucleation as well as Microtubule. (research.com)
  • Cdk5rap2's γTuNA domain increases MT nucleation in Xenopus egg extract and requires the universal MT template, the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC). (elifesciences.org)
  • Alexa-488 labeled tubulin (green) and EB1-mCherry (red) were used to visualize microtubules in extract with or without 2 µM Strep-His- Xenopus γTuNA. (elifesciences.org)
  • FAM29A promotes microtubule amplification via recruitment of the NEDD1-gamma-tubulin complex to the mitotic spindle. (nih.gov)
  • Predicted to enable gamma-tubulin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. (nih.gov)
  • Gamma-tubulin complexes and their interaction with microtubule-organizing centers. (nih.gov)
  • Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin complexes. (nih.gov)
  • Further, we show that the Golgi acts as a non-centrosomal MTOC by organizing γ-tubulin and stimulating microtubule nucleation at the parasite periphery. (pubpub.org)
  • MT ‐dependent MT nucleation is particularly noticeable in plant cells because it accounts for the primary source of MT generation for assembling spindle, phragmoplast, and cortical arrays when the γ‐tubulin ring complex is anchored and activated by the augmin complex. (nsf.gov)
  • Phosphorylates the tubulin chaperone TBCB and thereby plays a role in the regulation of microtubule biogenesis and organization of the tubulin cytoskeleton. (icr.ac.uk)
  • In Oct 2014, I became a Wellcome Investigator, and have used this opportunity to focus the lab more tightly around its core long-term interest of kinesin-microtubule interaction mechanisms. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Depletion of PIP4KIIγ enhanced the spindle pole accumulation of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), a microtubule (MT)-depolymerizing kinesin, and resulted in a less stable spindle pole-associated MT. Depletion of MCAK can ameliorate PIP4KIIγ depletion-induced spindle abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we experimentally measure the drag force on a sphere sedimenting in a 3D active fluid powered by the continuous extension and buckling of kinesin-microtubules bundles. (aps.org)
  • Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identified host regulators of cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, ER/Golgi stress and lipid biogenesis that regulate Plasmodium LS development. (pubpub.org)
  • Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) in mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These novel regulators of infection, including Centromere Protein J (CENPJ), led us to interrogate how microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) are regulated during infection. (pubpub.org)
  • In the meiosis of many species, the process of chromosome segregation requires that bipolar spindles be formed without the aid of dedicated microtubule organizing centers, such as centrosomes. (nsf.gov)
  • A decrease in the critical concentration of MT protein necessary for initiation of MT assembly and an increase in the number of effective initiation centers in the presence of nickel as examined by electron microscopy confirmed the finding that nickel exerts its effect at the initial nucleation phase. (cdc.gov)
  • According to the World Health Organisation, over 90% of global malaria cases in 2019 occurred in Africa, making this an important issue that requires ongoing efforts toward control and intervention. (pubpub.org)
  • Along with GIT1, positively regulates microtubule nucleation during interphase (PubMed:27012601). (icr.ac.uk)
  • The microtubule-associated protein EML3 regulates mitotic spindle assembly by recruiting the Augmin complex to spindle microtubules. (nih.gov)
  • RAN regulates formation and organization of the microtubule network independently of its role in the nucleus-cytosol exchange of macromolecules. (nkmaxbio.com)
  • While our light microscopy and mutant studies show that microtubules are nucleated from the centrosomes, we find only a few KMTs directly connected to the centrosomes. (nature.com)
  • I found motors that seemed to affect microtubule nucleation or stabilization, microtubule polymerization, and microtubule organization. (radikes.com)
  • To understand the mechanism of the nickel (7440020) induced change in microtubules (MTs), the effect of nickel at 0.01 to 3.0 millimolar (mM) concentrations was investigated on the kinetic parameters of in-vitro MT polymerization. (cdc.gov)
  • The spindle microtubule (MT) exhibits highly regulated dynamic instability, with frequent polymerization and depolymerization occurring at both the plus and minus ends. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the positioning signal is likely to be transmitted via the anaphase microtubule array to the cell cortex, exactly how the microtubule array determines the site of contractile ring formation remains unresolved. (biologists.com)
  • These data support a model in which Tum/RacGAP, via its interaction with Pbl, provides a critical link between the anaphase microtubule spindle and cytokinetic furrow formation in Drosophila cells. (biologists.com)
  • Of note, compared to fungal and animal systems, relatively little is known about how plant cells remodel the spindle microtubule array during anaphase. (nsf.gov)
  • Effects of nickel on microtubule assembly and the possible mechanisms of nickel -induced perturbation in microtubule organization. (cdc.gov)
  • My lab focuses on the force generating mechanisms of kinesins and their microtubule tracks. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • These mechanisms drive much of the self-organisation behaviour of eukaryotic cells and understanding them is important both for fundamental science and for the development of improved chemical biology approaches to a range of important medical and agricultural problems. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • My project focused on determining key players in the regulation and organization of acentrosomal asters. (radikes.com)
  • We find that when aggresomes are present, neuronal cells are unable to organise their microtubule network. (biorxiv.org)
  • This protein may have a role in efficient chromosome congression and segregation by promoting microtubule-dependent microtubule amplification. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers saw that when they knocked out a protein called CENPJ, the parasite became very successful at gathering microtubules around itself, and the parasites grew larger and made more copies of themselves. (pubpub.org)
  • The role of microtubules in secretory protein transport. (research.com)
  • Franck Perez works mostly in the field of Microtubule nucleation, limiting it down to concerns involving Nocodazole and, occasionally, Golgi organization, Organelle and Subcellular localization. (research.com)
  • Franck Perez focuses on Cell biology, Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Secretory pathway and Microtubule. (research.com)
  • His primary areas of investigation include Cell biology, Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Secretory pathway and Microtubule. (research.com)
  • Microtubules also regulate paracellular permeability. (plos.org)
  • C ) TIRF assay of MT nucleation in Xenopus egg extract. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using a microtubule regrowth assay, I observed the nucleation and formation of acentrosomal asters through immunofluorescence and confocal time-lapse imaging. (radikes.com)
  • His Microtubule study integrates concerns from other disciplines, such as Focal adhesion, Exocytosis, Secretion assay, Secretion and Cell membrane. (research.com)
  • We demonstrate that the growth of the structures depends on the intricate balance between crosslinker-induced stabilization and simultaneous destabilization by molecular motors, a mechanism analogous to nucleation and growth in passive systems. (nature.com)
  • In particular, they were interested in changes to the formation of microtubules (MT). These tube-like structures are involved in, among other things, the movement of nutrients and materials inside cells, and they usually form a network around the cell nucleus. (pubpub.org)
  • Recent findings by several groups have shown that the GTP-bound form of Ran is necessary for the nucleation and organization of microtubule structures during M phase. (silverchair.com)
  • The role of microtubule pivoting in formation of complex structures such as microtubule bundles and mitotic spindles. (irb.hr)
  • For example, the mother centriole can nucleate and organize microtubules, whereas the daughter centriole can only nucleate. (wikipedia.org)
  • I was interested in determining if the mitotic kinesins and dynein played a role in nucleation, stabilization and/or organization of the acentrosomal asters. (radikes.com)
  • Here we combine the first large-scale serial electron tomography of whole mitotic spindles in early C. elegans embryos with live-cell imaging to reconstruct all microtubules in 3D and identify their plus- and minus-ends. (nature.com)
  • The class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2β was downregulated in prostate cancer PC3 cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells using selective siRNAs and the effect on cell growth was determined in the absence or presence of the microtubule-stabilizing agent/anti-cancer drug docetaxel. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CLIP-170 highlights growing microtubule ends in vivo. (research.com)
  • Plant spindle assembly initiates with microtubule nucleation on the nuclear envelope followed by bipolarization into the prophase spindle. (nsf.gov)
  • The combination of a shortened lag time, an increase in the initial rate and the final extent of MT assembly indicates that nickel may exert its effect at the initial nucleation phase. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, overexpression of AQP5 increased assembly of microtubules, with evidence of increased MT stability, and promoted the formation of long straight microtubules in the apical domain of the epithelial cells. (plos.org)