• The mobile phase consists of a nonpolar solvent such as hexane or heptane mixed with a slightly more polar solvent such as isopropanol, ethyl acetate or chloroform. (wikipedia.org)
  • Retention decreases as the amount of polar solvent in the mobile phase increases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mobile phase is generally a binary mixture of water and a miscible polar organic solvent like methanol, acetonitrile or THF. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3] In addition the substantial negative charge on the surface of hydride phases is the result of hydroxide ion adsorption from the solvent rather than silanols. (wikipedia.org)
  • If necessary, wash the column with a suitable intermediate solvent before changing over to the new mobile phase. (hamiltoncompany.com)
  • In this example, chlorophyll is the analyte mixture or sample, the sheet is the stationary phase, and the solvent is the mobile phase. (coleparmer.com)
  • In GC, samples dissolved in a volatile solvent are injected into a heated column with a stationary phase consisting of silica coated with a liquid phase. (cdc.gov)
  • Solvent (mobile phase) is then made to flow through the silica bed (under gravity or pressure). (janisb.best)
  • The different components of the analyte exhibit varying degrees of adhesion to the silica (see later), and as a result they travel at different speeds through the stationary phase as the solvent flows through it, indicated by the separation of the different bands. (janisb.best)
  • In the mobile phase, scientists combine solvent and liquid samples. (moravek.com)
  • The stationary element in chromatography paper permits the reaction between the solute and solvent to take place and produce results. (vedantu.com)
  • HILIC is highly compatible with mass spectrometry (MS), particularly with electrospray ionization (ESI) interfaces which precede MS. The high polar organic solvent component of the HILIC mobile phase increases the efficiency of ionization in the ESI process. (news-medical.net)
  • Chromatography is the separation of mixtures into their components as a result of differential distribution of the solutes in order for identification, analyses, purify and/or quantity of the mixture for a mobile medium and for a stationary absorbing medium. (majortests.com)
  • What is the basic principle for separation in normal phase, reversed phase, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography? (majortests.com)
  • Among the various separation techniques available at an analytical scale, reverse phase chromatography is the most favored and widely used method. (chemistnotes.com)
  • UHPLC separation of R - and S -enantiomers of Besifloxacin hydrochloride on a new Chiralpak IE-3 column consisting of an immobilized amylose tris(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase on 3 µm silica was studied. (springer.com)
  • The selection and effects of mobile phase solvents, additives, organic modifiers, and column temperature on retention, separation, and resolution were investigated and optimized. (springer.com)
  • The separation was accomplished under normal-phase conditions using a mobile phase composed of dichloromethane:isopropyl alcohol:trifluoroacetic acid:diethylamine (90:10:0.3:0.05 v/v/v/v) under isocratic mode of elution at 15 °C. The interactions between the analytes, additives, and the stationary phase were discussed and the most probable separation mechanism was proposed. (springer.com)
  • Mosiashvili L, Chankvetadze L, Farkas T, Chankvetadze B (2013) On the effect of basic and acidic additives on the separation of the enantiomers of some basic drugs with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors and polar organic mobile phases. (springer.com)
  • This property distinguishes it from a pure HILIC (hydrophilic interaction chromatography) columns where separation by polar differences is obtained through partitioning into a water-rich layer on the surface, or a pure RP stationary phase on which separation by nonpolar differences in solutes is obtained with very limited secondary mechanisms operating. (wikipedia.org)
  • For historical reasons, it has been reported that HILIC is a variant of normal phase liquid chromatography, but the separation mechanism used in HILIC is more complicated than that in NP-LC. (springer.com)
  • The separation is accomplished using a column coated with a stationary phase. (globenewswire.com)
  • At its core, chromatography is the interaction between a mobile phase (which carries the mixture being separated) and a stationary phase (which performs the separation). (coleparmer.com)
  • Because of the wide assortment of specialized stationary phases and the vast number of reagents that can be used, there is almost an infinite number of ways a scientist can customize the setup of a HPLC system to achieve the desired analyte separation. (coleparmer.com)
  • In the separation of positional isomers, phenyl columns may be the most appropriate amongst columns for reverse-phase chromatography. (shimadzu.com)
  • In addition to hydrophobic interactions, π-π interactions of the phenyl stationary phase contribute to separation. (shimadzu.com)
  • For a phenyl column, using methanol as the mobile phase allows π-π interactions, which improves the separation. (shimadzu.com)
  • If adequate separation cannot be obtained with an acetonitrile-based mobile phase, switching to a methanol-based mobile phase to change the elution order is one useful possibility for method development. (shimadzu.com)
  • There are many kinds of stationary phases modified with a silica gel matrix, and the separation and purification effect is much better than other matrixes. (flashcolumns.com)
  • After modification, it has a wide range of applications in the separation and purification of biomolecules such as proteins and carbohydrates in ion exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and reversed-phase hydrophobic chromatography. (flashcolumns.com)
  • However, compared with inorganic substrates such as silica gel, the separation mechanical strength that the organic matrix stationary phase can withstand is lower, and the separation and purification effect is poor, which limits its scope of application in purification. (flashcolumns.com)
  • By modifying the matrix or bonding different groups, different separation types of stationary phases are formed, which usually include: normal phase, reverse phase, ion exchange, size exclusion, chiral, and other stationary phases. (flashcolumns.com)
  • The chromatographic mode in which the polarity of the modified groups on the matrix is greater than the polarity of the mobile phase is called normal phase chromatography, which relies on the different polarity of the sample to distribute between the stationary phase and the mobile phase to achieve separation. (flashcolumns.com)
  • Successful separation only occurs if the analytes have differing affinities for the stationary phase, so selecting the appropriate stationary phase for your compounds is crucial. (thermofisher.com)
  • This separation takes place based on the interactions of the sample with the mobile and stationary phases. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • 1 The separation occurs when the sample interacts with the mobile (liquid) and stationary phases (column). (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • The sample goes to a separation column and slowly moves through it, which is the stationary phase. (moravek.com)
  • For low/medium polarity analytes, normal phase HPLC is a potential candidate, particularly if the separation of isomers is required. (pharmtech.com)
  • When conducting analysis with the Nexera UC supercritical fluid chromatography system, because diffusion of the sample band in the mobile phase is high compared with liquid chromatography, separation behavior changes significantly depending on the types of columns used. (shimadzu.com)
  • Chromatography, called a physical separation method in which the components of a mixture are separated by differences in their distribution between two phases, one of which is static stationary phase while the other mobile phase moves through it in a particular direction, is a mainstay of forensic procedures and evaluations. (ringstilsoldout.com)
  • Ionic and ionizable compounds typically rely on separation by ion exchange chromatography (IC) or ion pairing reversed-phase chromatography (IP-RPLC). (news-medical.net)
  • Understanding the characteristics of the compounds being separated and their compatibility with various stationary phases will further optimize separation. (news-medical.net)
  • A low-viscosity mobile phase consisting of compressed trial organic matter in geosciences because the composition carbon dioxide is used in SFC to achieve fast and efficient of its phenols is an important indicator of the type of original separation. (lu.se)
  • The 2D-HPLC system incorporated strong cation exchange and reversed phase separation modes. (cdc.gov)
  • The silica gel is the stationary phase, TLC uses a thin uniform layer of silica gel or alumina coated onto a piece of glass, metal or rigid plastic. (majortests.com)
  • The method employed HPTLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60 F 254 as the stationary phase. (hindawi.com)
  • At the same time, the surface of silica gel is easily modified to form other bonded stationary phases. (flashcolumns.com)
  • The normal phase silica gel stationary phase is mainly used in the preliminary purification of synthetic non-polar or medium-polar intermediates. (flashcolumns.com)
  • The characteristics of the hydrophilic stationary phase may affect and in some cases limit the choices of mobile phase composition, ion strength or buffer pH value available, since mechanisms other than hydrophilic partitioning could potentially occur. (springer.com)
  • Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is a liquid chromatography technique that is used to separate moderate to highly hydrophilic and polar compounds based on their retention on a hydrophilic stationary phase versus the hydrophilic aqueous polar organic mobile phase. (news-medical.net)
  • This is in contrast to the retention mechanism in HILIC, which relies on the partitioning of a compound between the aqueous surface layer of the hydrophilic stationary phase and the organic, hydrophilic compartment of the mobile phase. (news-medical.net)
  • The traditional bonding techniques used to manufacture silica-particle-based HPLC stationary phases provide many benefits, but can emerging technologies tackle unmet needs? (chromatographyonline.com)
  • This article will review historical bonding techniques still in use for manufacturing HPLC stationary phases today, and also examine some emerging technologies that may be able to tackle unmet needs in novel platforms and phase construction. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • In 1973, Locke correctly predicted that organosilanes would transform HPLC columns via chemically-bonded phases, mentioning that polymerization of silanes would be the synthetic route taken in general with chemical reactions being carried out to produce a primary organosilane layer (5). (chromatographyonline.com)
  • In HPLC, liquid serves as the mobile phase, and the stationary phase is most often found inside a column (a polymer or stainless-steel tube filled with small spherical particles that have specially modified surfaces to selectively interact with molecules in different ways). (coleparmer.com)
  • NOTE: The pressures present in most HPLC systems can be very high, due to the resistance of the flow of mobile phase through the densely packed column. (coleparmer.com)
  • Other forms of HPLC that are used in the pharmaceutical industry include reversed-phase, denaturing and immobilised enzyme reactor (IMER) HPLC. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • for example, if the sample includes polar analytes then reverse phase HPLC would offer both adequate retention and resolution, whereas normal phase HPLC would be much less feasible. (pharmtech.com)
  • Reverse phase gradient HPLC is commonly used in peptide and small protein analysis using an acetonitrile-water mobile phase containing 1% trifluoroethanoic acid. (pharmtech.com)
  • A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) composed of C18 column as stationary phase and the mixture of methanol (90%) and water (10%) as mobile phase. (researchsquare.com)
  • Optimisation of HPLC systems with different combinations of mobile and stationary phases. (lu.se)
  • Shim-pack UC series was designed with eight types of stationary phases and sizes to meet diverse research and development needs. (shimadzu.com)
  • In normal-phase chromatography, the least polar compounds elute first and the most polar compounds elute last. (wikipedia.org)
  • In reversed phase chromatography, the most polar compounds elute first with the most nonpolar compounds eluting last. (wikipedia.org)
  • ANP retention has been demonstrated for a variety of polar compounds on the hydride based stationary phases. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4] An interesting feature of these phases is that both polar and nonpolar compounds can be retained over some range of mobile phase composition (organic/aqueous). (wikipedia.org)
  • Another important feature of the hydride-based phases is that for many analyses it is usually not necessary to use a high pH mobile phase to analyze polar compounds such as bases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) provides an alternative approach to effectively separate small polar compounds on polar stationary phases. (springer.com)
  • The purpose of this work was to review the options for the characterization of HILIC stationary phases and their applications for separations of polar compounds in complex matrices. (springer.com)
  • For example, it is suitable for analyzing compounds in complex systems that always elute near the void in reserved-phase chromatography. (springer.com)
  • A desirable mobile phase would contain high organic content for better sensitivity and also show good on-column retention for polar ionic compounds. (springer.com)
  • Gas chromatography is a chromatography technique that can separate and analyze volatile compounds in gas phase. (globenewswire.com)
  • It is thus used to separate and detect small molecular weight compounds in the gas phase. (globenewswire.com)
  • compounds will adhere to stationary phase w/ diff. (bootcamp.com)
  • Compounds in the sample partition between the column's stationary phase and the carrier gas. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Shim-pack UC series was designed with a variety of stationary phases, making it suitable for analysis of various compounds. (shimadzu.com)
  • In traditional Reverse-phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC), polar, hydrophilic and charged compounds are preferentially retained on the column. (news-medical.net)
  • As such, HILIC effectively retains hydrophilic compounds which are poorly retained in reversed-phase LC. (news-medical.net)
  • The column itself contains a liquid stationary phase which is absorbed onto the surface of an inert solid. (majortests.com)
  • The individual components are separated between a stationary phase (the tubular column in a column) and a mobile phase, which flows through the stationary packing (in this case a liquid). (burkert.com)
  • Normal or reversed-phase liquid chromatography can be used for analysis. (springer.com)
  • Depending on stationary phase used in this analytical technique, there are two types of gas chromatography: gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and gas-solid chromatography (GSC). (globenewswire.com)
  • In GC, the mobile phase is an inert gas, usually helium or nitrogen, and the stationary phase is either a solid adsorbent, termed gas-solid chromatography (GSC), or a liquid adsorbed onto an inert support, termed gas-liquid chromatography (GLC, or just GC). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Almost 50 years later, the C18 phase is still the reigning champion in the reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) arena, and many chromatography companies are still bonding using the same or a very similar synthetic approach. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • According to the United States Pharmacopeia ( USP ), there are 858 C18 liquid chromatography phases registered under code L1 (octadecylsilane chemically bonded to porous silica or ceramic microplates, 1.5 to 10 μm in diameter, or a monolithic rod) (3). (chromatographyonline.com)
  • Ion chromatography relies on distribution ratios between a solid stationary and a liquid mobile phase. (psi.ch)
  • These separations utilize the pressure-driven flow of a liquid mobile phase through a column packed with a stationary phase. (thermofisher.com)
  • Liquid chromatography (LC) separates molecules in a liquid mobile phase by means of a solid stationary phase. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • Liquid chromatography procedure can be directed in various combination of possible mobile phases and stationary phases. (futuremarketinsights.com)
  • Shim-pack UC series offers various stationary phases suitable for the mobile phase of high diffusion and low-viscosity liquid carbon dioxide. (shimadzu.com)
  • Within the column, the gears become divided by differential divider between the mobile phase petrol and stationary phase liquid. (ringstilsoldout.com)
  • Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, octyl(C8), hexyl(C6), propyl(C3), ethyl (C2), phenyl, and cyclohexyl functional groups are bonded to a silica surface which makes the silica stationary phase nonpolar and hydrophobic. (chemistnotes.com)
  • In normal-phase chromatography, the stationary phase is polar and the mobile phase is nonpolar. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically the amount of the nonpolar component in the mobile phase must be 60% or greater with the exact point of increased retention depending on the solute and the organic component of the mobile phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The retention increases as the polarity of the mobile phase decreases, and thus polar analytes are more strongly retained than nonpolar ones. (springer.com)
  • When the mobile phase passes through, the mixture separates into bands. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • The mixture moves from a mobile stage, through a stationary phase, and results from the isolation of the desired molecule or chemical. (bluegrass-speedway.com)
  • The racemic mixture synthesized was separated by a chiral stationary phase (CSP) column, Chiralpak AD-H, with n-hexane-EtOH-TFA-diethylamine (70:30:0.1:0.1) as the mobile phase. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Ordinarily, the use of gas chromatography in a laboratory setting involves passing a mixture through a series of phases. (ringstilsoldout.com)
  • Chromatography, technique for separating the components, or solutes, of a mixture on the basis of the relative amounts of each solute distributed between a moving fluid stream, called the mobile phase, and a contiguous stationary phase. (britannica.com)
  • Stationary phases exist which can divide analytes along the strength of their polarity, how well they bind to certain chemicals, their ionic charge, or their size. (coleparmer.com)
  • Reverse phase is the choice for the majority of samples, but if acidic or basic analytes are present then reverse phase ion suppression (for weak acids or bases) or reverse phase ion pairing (for strong acids or bases) should be used. (pharmtech.com)
  • Mobile phase composition, for example, is the most powerful way of optimizing selectivity whereas temperature has a minor effect and would only achieve small selectivity changes. (pharmtech.com)
  • Improvement in the selection of a stationary phase based on composition is one area that is being developed. (news-medical.net)
  • By utilizing a three-way ANOVA, the composition of the mobile phase has been shown to have a significant effect on deuterated acetonitrile and other investigated void volume markers, demonstrating the fact that both void volume markers and acetonitrile itself exhibit retention-like behaviour. (lu.se)
  • A tailored workflow integrating mesoporous magnetic solid phase extraction and a novel ion transmission strategy (data-dependent acquisition combined with both an inclusion list and an exclusion list followed by a data-independent acquisition) was used to profile the composition of SCPs during in vitro simulated digestion (LOQ 0.02 to 0.1 µg L-1). (bvsalud.org)
  • The mixed components are placed at the top of the column of the stationary phase, which is generally a fine adsorbent solid such as silica. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • This phenomenon is responsible for the retention in reverse-phase chromatography. (chemistnotes.com)
  • Thus, polar solutes (such as acids and amines) are most strongly retained, with retention decreasing as the amount of water in the mobile phase increases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The strength of compound-stationary phase interaction determines an analyte's retention time. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • An inert gas carries the sample through the column, and the partitioning of methoxychlor between the mobile and stationary phases gives it a characteristic retention time that is used to identify it. (cdc.gov)
  • Secondary forces, such as dipole-dipole, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding interactions influence this partition, resulting in retention of the compound on the stationary phase or elution in the mobile phase. (news-medical.net)
  • It can be seen that when acetonitrile and methanol are mixed with water in the same ratio, an acetonitrile mobile phase displays greater elution strength. (shimadzu.com)
  • This contrasts with the order seen in standard reverse-phase chromatography, where elution occurs in the order of least to most hydrophilic. (news-medical.net)
  • Typically, in reverse phase comprises water and water-miscible organic solvents like methanol, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran. (chemistnotes.com)
  • If you plan to store the column for a prolonged period of time, use a mobile phase that inhibits microbial growth (a mobile phase containing sodium azide or high concentrations of methanol, acetonitrile, etc. (hamiltoncompany.com)
  • Methanol and acetonitrile are organic acids commonly used as the mobile phase in reverse-phase chromatography. (shimadzu.com)
  • When switching the mobile phase from acetonitrile to methanol, the pressure resistance of the equipment and column should be rechecked. (shimadzu.com)
  • If we have previously been using acetonitrile as the mobile phase with a ratio to water of 50/50 (v/v), when changing to methanol the equivalent ratio of methanol/water would be 60/40 (v/v). (shimadzu.com)
  • Aqueous normal-phase chromatography (ANP) is a chromatographic technique that involves the mobile phase region between reversed-phase chromatography (RP) and organic normal-phase chromatography (ONP). (wikipedia.org)
  • thus, the mobile phase is both "aqueous" (water is present) and "normal" (less polar than the stationary phase). (wikipedia.org)
  • The aqueous component of the mobile phase usually contains from 0.1 to 0.5% formic or acetic acid, which is compatible with detector techniques that include mass spectral analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polar samples always show good solubility in the aqueous mobile phase used in HILIC, which overcomes the drawbacks of the poor solubility often encountered in NP-LC. (springer.com)
  • Recent investigations have demonstrated that silica hydride materials have a very thin water layer (about 0.5 monolayer) in comparison to HILIC phases that can have from 6-8 monolayers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sample is transported through the column by the flow of inert, gaseous mobile phase. (majortests.com)
  • The major difference between the normal phase column and the reverse phase column is that the normal phase column consists of a polar stationary phase and a non-polar mobile phase while the reverse phase column consists of a non-polar stationary phase and a polar mobile phase. (chemistnotes.com)
  • The pressure is applied and the mobile phase moves the analyte through the column. (globenewswire.com)
  • Review the most significant factors for gc column selection: stationary phase, internal diameter, film thickness, and column length. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The vaporized sample is transported through a chromatographic column by the flow of inert gas that forms the mobile phase. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Equilibrate with starting mobile phase for 5-10 column volumes. (hamiltoncompany.com)
  • Most chromatography methods have an inert mobile phase that carries the analyte through a long stationary phase housed inside a column. (coleparmer.com)
  • The separated analyte components pass from the column through a flow cell, where unique technology is employed to detect the presence of the components in the mobile phase stream. (coleparmer.com)
  • Today HAWACH will talk about the connotation of the purification column-stationary phase. (flashcolumns.com)
  • To determine the stationary phase packed in the Flash purification column, three aspects of the stationary phase must be determined in sequence: matrix type, surface modification/bonding phase, and matrix parameters. (flashcolumns.com)
  • they will have varying levels of affinity for the mobile phase, resulting in migration through the column at different speeds. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • a component with a higher affinity for the stationary phase will migrate down the column slower than a component which has more affinity for the mobile phase. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
  • The sample is injected into the injection point and may be hauled from the mobile gas to the column. (ringstilsoldout.com)
  • For a water:acetonitrile mobile phase, the minor disturbance method using deuterated acetonitrile to obtain an integral average void volume (2.08 and 2.05 mL for C18 at 30 and 40 °C, respectively and 2.16 and 2.13 mL for C8 at 30 and 40 °C, respectively) was found to be the most appropriate method for determining the elusive column void volume. (lu.se)
  • Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. (bvsalud.org)
  • If the analyte molecule is more non-polar (molar hydrophobic), it will spend more time on the non-polar stationary phase. (chemistnotes.com)
  • Reversed-phase chromatography, a partition mechanism, is typically used for separations by non-polar differences. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyano-bonded phases are easier to work with than plain silica for normal phase separations. (pharmtech.com)
  • The stationary phase is designed to separate the components of the analyte based on some defined characteristic, which causes some molecules to migrate through the stationary phase more slowly and others to pass through more quickly. (coleparmer.com)
  • The stationary phase is also commonly known as the packing, which is the core part of chromatography. (flashcolumns.com)
  • The matrix is the basic material composed of the stationary phase, and the commonly used matrix materials are divided into three categories: inorganic, organic, and composite materials. (flashcolumns.com)
  • Commonly called 'Rental Grade' or mobile generators when they are equipped for multiple voltages and are trailer mounted. (generatorjoe.net)
  • The water in the mobile phase repels the non-polar regions of the solute molecules which facilitates their interaction with the non-polar functional groups of the stationary phase (Non-polar). (chemistnotes.com)
  • The comparison of void volumes, obtained with conventional neutral void volume markers, revealed the former to be 24-36% lower than the void volume obtained using deuterated acetonitrile, as an isotopically labelled mobile phase component. (lu.se)
  • This technique consists of a polar mobile phase and a non-polar(less polar) stationary phase. (chemistnotes.com)
  • Typical stationary phases for normal-phase chromatography are silica or organic moieties with cyano and amino functional groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the various velocities at which all liquids are pumped through the system, individual components can be separated based on the different flow properties and varying interactions between the stationary and the mobile phases of the substances. (burkert.com)
  • The sample goes through a mobile phase, stationary phase, and differential migration. (moravek.com)
  • For example, in gel permeation chromatography, special inert beads are used as the stationary phase, and the mobile phase carries the analyte past those beads. (coleparmer.com)
  • Like other forms of chromatography, GC involves a stationary phase and a mobile phase. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project involves research on development and application of an optical data acquisition system, I/O devices, and optical data analysis and recognition. (nsf.gov)
  • However, it is difficult to modify the surface of alumina, so it is still used in normal phase purification systems at most and a small amount in ion exchange systems. (flashcolumns.com)
  • The objectives of Phase I are (1) to construct a proof-of-principle generator for operation at 125 kV, (2) to experimentally demonstrate that a uniform, high energy ion beam can be generated, and (3) to develop the conceptual design for a Phase II laboratory prototype DNG system. (nsf.gov)
  • Normal phase chromatography, an adsorptive mechanism, is used for the analysis of solutes readily soluble in organic solvents, based on their polar differences such as amines, acids, metal complexes, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • A true ANP stationary phase will be able to function in both the reversed phase and normal phase modes with only the amount of water in the eluent varying. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is used in normal-phase purification systems. (flashcolumns.com)