• A protocol for rapid in vitro propagation of Saccharum officinarum using meristem and axillary buds as explants was developed. (scialert.net)
  • Thirty three percent of the apical buds and 20% of the axillary buds grew into shoots within 15 days on media containing 1 mg l -1 Kn and 0.1 mg l -1 GA 3 . (scialert.net)
  • In this paper, we report a micropropagation protocol of S. officinarum using apical and axillary buds as explants. (scialert.net)
  • Apical meristem and axillary buds were cultured to study micropropagation. (scialert.net)
  • Apical meristem and axillary buds were taken from plants grown in the field and dipped in a solution of ascorbic acid 100 mg l 1 and citric acid 150 mg l 1 for one hour. (scialert.net)
  • For a plant with strong apical dominance, many or most of the axillary buds found on the main stem remain in their inactive (Iax) form for most or all of the growing season. (qubs.ca)
  • Terminal buds contain a special tissue called the apical meristem. (greencultured.co)
  • Keep a distance to be different: axillary buds initiating at a distance from the shoot apical meristem are crucial for the perennial lifestyle of Arabis alpina. (mpg.de)
  • They can stimulate both the differentiation and the outgrowth of axillary buds. (answerlib.org)
  • Hypersensitivity to cytokinin causes stem cell overproliferation and major rearrangements of Bif3 inflorescence meristems, leading to the formation of ball-shaped ears and severely affecting productivity. (nature.com)
  • In ( b ), an Iax has developed as a reproductive (Rax) meristem, producing a flower or inflorescence, thus promoting seed offspring production. (qubs.ca)
  • The terminal inflorescence which bears staminate florets develops from shoot apical meristem called tassel. (studymateriall.com)
  • The lateral inflorescence which develop pistillate f lorets from axillary bud is called ear or cob. (studymateriall.com)
  • The control of plant stem cells is essential for sustaining the function of apical meristems, plant growth, and ultimately productivity 1 . (nature.com)
  • WUS is a homeodomain transcription factor (TF) produced in the organizing center (OC) domain of apical meristems and is transported via plasmodesmata into the apical domain (called central zone, CZ) to promote proliferation of stem cells 3 . (nature.com)
  • Gibberellins are synthesized in the root and stem apical meristems, young leaves, and seed embryos. (driftlessprairies.org)
  • Apical meristems of the grape cultivar were used to establish in vitro shoot cultures. (oeno-one.eu)
  • reproductive (R) meristems produce flowers or inflorescences and growth (G) meristems produce branches bearing leaves. (qubs.ca)
  • G meristems (as well as the apex of the main stem) can terminate in one of two fates: either in a reproductive or an inactive apex. (qubs.ca)
  • Whether the inactive or reproductive meristems are axillary or apical can be signified by the subscripts 'ax' and 'ap', respectively (i.e. (qubs.ca)
  • We found that all axillary meristems developed to a similar developmental stage before the reproductive transition of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). (agri.gov.il)
  • Upon reproductive transition of the SAM, all axillary meristems are released for reproductive development into ears in a developmental gradient reflective on their positions along the main stem. (agri.gov.il)
  • We found that applying the GA inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) during the early reproductive transition of axillary meristems increased the number of silking ears at anthesis, leading to increased success of self-pollination and seed production. (agri.gov.il)
  • The FT/TFL1 balance defines the plant growth habit as indeterminate or determinate by modulating the pattern of formation of vegetative and reproductive structures in the apical and axillary meristems. (unicamp.br)
  • Activation of CLV3 in the OC is prevented by the action of WUS in conjunction with the GRAS-transcription regulators HAIRY MERISTEMs (HAMs) 4 , 5 . (nature.com)
  • LEAFY plant-specific transcription factors, which are key regulators of flower meristem identity and floral patterning, also contribute to meristem activity. (researchgate.net)
  • GEMMA CUP-ASSOCIATED MYB1, an Ortholog of Axillary Meristem Regulators, Is Essential in Vegetative Reproduction in Marchantia polymorpha. (mpg.de)
  • These findings establish ZmWUS1 as an essential meristem size regulator in maize and highlight the striking effect of cis-regulatory variation on a key developmental program. (nature.com)
  • A distinct ZmFCP1-FEA3 ligand-receptor combination, originally identified in maize, prevents WUS gene expression in the region below the OC (also called rib zone, RZ), thus confining WUS expression within the OC of meristems 6 . (nature.com)
  • To determine the maximum capacity of a maize plant to develop ears, we first characterized the developmental progression of every axillary meristem. (agri.gov.il)
  • Plants from different nursery cultivation systems were dissected to determine plant architecture detecting and recording the fate of all the meristems before field cultivation. (researchgate.net)
  • Evolutionary, genetic, environmental and hormonal-induced plasticity in the fate of organs arising from axillary meristems in Passiflora spp. (agri.gov.il)
  • Stem cells reside at the growing tip of meristems, where they differentiate to produce new organs throughout the life of plant and maintain a constant reservoir of pluripotent stem cells. (nature.com)
  • Plant aerial development relies on meristem activity which ensures main body plant axis development during plant life. (researchgate.net)
  • The bud bank is the individual's population of axillary meristems positioned along plant shoots, and from which essential structures develop. (qubs.ca)
  • The final hypothesis-the Reserve Meristem hypothesis-proposes that the benefit of apical dominance lies in its effects on delaying release of axillary meristems from their inactive state (i.e. prolonging their Iax status), thus making them available (in reserve) for deployment should the plant experience apical herbivory ( Aarssen 1995 ), and therefore enabling compensatory branch production for the afflicted plant ( Lortie and Aarssen 2000a ). (qubs.ca)
  • 15. Both apical and axillary meristems are free from virus even if the whole plant is infected by it. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Divide et impera: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems. (mpg.de)
  • These results suggest that cytokinins are an important regulatory factor of plant meristem activity and morphogenesis , with opposing roles in shoots and roots. (answerlib.org)
  • In ( c ) an Iax has developed as a growth (G) meristem, producing a lateral leaf-bearing branch/shoot, thus promoting biomass accumulation and supporting three additional Iax meristems, and one terminal inactive shoot apical meristem (Iap) (red circles). (qubs.ca)
  • Apical dominance (the inhibition of lateral bud formation) is triggered by auxins produced in the apical meristem (Boundless 2016). (driftlessprairies.org)
  • The terminal bud can cause all the axillary (lateral) bud s below it to remain dormant. (greencultured.co)
  • Lateral suppressor and Goblet act in hierarchical order to regulate ectopic meristem formation at the base of tomato leaflets. (mpg.de)
  • Nodal explants, each containing an axillary bud, taken from in vitro grown shoots were inoculated in shoot proliferation medium, i.e., half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyl aminopurine (BAP), kinetin, glycine and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). (oeno-one.eu)
  • LOST MERISTEMS genes regulate cell differentiation of central zone descendants in Arabidopsis shoot meristems. (mpg.de)
  • SUR2 is expressed in the pericycle of the differentiation zone and in the apical meristem in roots. (bvsalud.org)
  • The formation of new meristems is essential for the plastic expansion of the highly branched shoot and root systems. (researchgate.net)
  • While the shoot apical meristem (SAM) formed in the embryo only contributes to the main stem, the branched structure observed in many plants relies on axillary meristems (AMs) formed post-embryonically. (researchgate.net)
  • Three tube-grafting methods were tested, including standard tube-grafted plants (no leaves removed), leaf removal (LR) plants (≈75% of the leaf surface area was removed from the scion), and shoot removal (SR) plants (the apical meristem and all true leaves were removed). (ashs.org)
  • 2006 ). LAX1 , encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is expressed in the boundary between the shoot apical meristem and the region of new meristem formation (Komatsu et al. (springeropen.com)
  • By stimulating cell division , they regulate shoot meristem size, leaf primordia number, and leaf and shoot growth. (answerlib.org)
  • The regulation of WUS transcription is crucial for meristem homeostasis, whereby high WUS expression leads to enlarged meristems and low expression leads to the formation of small meristems 3 , 14 . (nature.com)
  • Super determinant1A, a RAWULdomain-containing protein, modulates axillary meristem formation and compound leaf development in tomato. (mpg.de)
  • Auxin Depletion from the Leaf Axil Conditions Competence for Axillary Meristem Formation in Arabidopsis and Tomato. (mpg.de)
  • Epistatic Natural Allelic Variation Reveals a Function of AGAMOUS-LIKE6 in Axillary Bud Formation in Arabidopsis. (mpg.de)
  • The bHLH protein ROX acts in concert with RAX1 and LAS to modulate axillary meristem formation in Arabidopsis. (mpg.de)
  • Here we demonstrated that DH0 seed production can be increased by increasing the number of mature axillary female inflorescences (ears) at anthesis. (agri.gov.il)
  • In ( a ), an inactive (Iax) meristem (red circle) remains in a suppressed state (producing nothing), thus leaving resources available for potential allocation to directional main stem growth (e.g. height extension). (qubs.ca)
  • In plants, stem cells are embedded in structures called meristems. (researchgate.net)
  • While the regulation of the stem cell population in an established meristem is well described, how it is initiated in newly formed meristems is less well underst. (researchgate.net)
  • Therefore, if the planting materials are tray-plants having flower initials already developed in meristems, transplanting directly to the production system should be scheduled 8-10 weeks prior to the target first harvest of fruit. (osu.edu)
  • Tray-plants, a type of transplant commonly available in Europe, have a minimum of 6-7 viable flower initials (apical and axillary meristems) that can result in early fruit production. (osu.edu)
  • This is because rooted runner tips had only one crown with one flower initial on the apical meristem, while tray-plants had two crowns with flower initials on apical as well as axillary meristems. (osu.edu)
  • Virus free plantlets are obtained by using meristem culture to grow new plants. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • When the apical meristem is damaged, not only does it resprout from the base adding additional flowering stems, it sends underground runners to establish another colony nearby. (driftlessprairies.org)
  • Among these are traits that depend on functional meristems, populations of stem cells maintained by the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL (CLV-WUS) negative feedback-loop that controls the expression of the WUS homeobox transcription factor. (nature.com)