Thirteen proteins glucose transporter type 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

The recently cloned SLC2A10 gene encodes a 541 amino acid putative facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT10) of the GLUT family class III with between 30 and 34% amino acid homology with the known GLUT proteins ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
There are 14 total GLUT proteins separated into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. (wikipedia.org)
Although there are some sequence differences between all GLUT proteins, they all have some basic structural components. (wikipedia.org)
For example, both the N and C termini in GLUT proteins are exposed to the cytoplasm of the cell, and they all have 12 transmembrane segments. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of GLUT-2/GLUT-4/GLUT-8/GLUT-13/SGLT-1/SGLT-2 was only evaluated in a small number of studies with no significant differences detected. (nih.gov)
7 Klepper J, Voit T. Facilitated glucose transporter protein type 1 (Glut 1) deficiency syndrome: impaired glucose transporter into brain - a review. (thieme-connect.com)
Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Glycolysis is an energy-producing mechanism that occurs in almost all cells and requires an adequate uptake of glucose mediated by glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins. (unibe.ch)
The objective of this study was to examine the expression of SLC2A genes in the endometrium of women with and without endometriosis and in the matching ectopic tissue, and to confirm the presence of the GLUT proteins in ectopic lesions. (unibe.ch)
These results show that GLUT expression is altered between eutopic and ectopic tissue and between women with and without endometriosis, and that GLUT4 may represent a significant entry route for glucose into the endometriotic epithelial cells. (unibe.ch)

If you're managing type 2 diabetes, you'll need to work with your doctor to identify a treatment approach that supports your individual goals. (everydayhealth.com)
Treatment of type 2 diabetes is not limited to the occasional visit to the doctor: It includes important types of self-care in addition to regular medical care from doctors and other healthcare providers, such as dietitians and mental health professionals. (everydayhealth.com)
The latest updates about care for type 2 diabetes can be found in the American Diabetes Association's 2023 Standards of Medical Care , which lists treatment guidelines related to diabetes, complications, new technology, and more. (everydayhealth.com)
Can Berberine Help Prevent or Treat Type 2 Diabetes? (everydayhealth.com)
What Medications Are Used to Treat Type 2 Diabetes? (everydayhealth.com)
Many people with type 2 diabetes start with the oral drug metformin (Glucophage) to help meet their blood sugar level goals. (everydayhealth.com)
Are There Any New Type 2 Diabetes Drugs on the Horizon? (everydayhealth.com)
Sulfonylurea drugs have also been used for many years to help people with type 2 diabetes control their blood sugar. (everydayhealth.com)
These medicines are especially useful among people with type 2 diabetes who are at risk of low blood sugar or lactic acidosis. (everydayhealth.com)
The gene is mapped to chromosome 20q12-q13.1, a region that has been shown to be linked to type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
None of the variants were associated with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
These results suggest that variation in the coding region of SLC2A10 does not contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the examined study population. (diabetesjournals.org)
However, much subsequent research in this area was focused on the role of pulmonary SGLT transport as a modifier of lung liquid volume [ 3 , 4 ], and the effects of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport [ 1 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Mutation in ZnT8 has been associated with type 2 diabetes. (scirp.org)
In type 1 diabetes, there is a lack of insulin production, in type 2 diabetes, resistance of the effect of insulin is predominant. (scirp.org)
The role of zinc deficiency which could at least potentially exacerbate the cytokinine-induced damage in autoimmune attack which destroys the islet cell in type 1 diabetes is still not clear. (scirp.org)
It has been shown that there appears to be a complex interrelationship between zinc and type 1 and 2 diabetes. (scirp.org)
It is divided into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which account for 5-10% and 90-95% of DM cases resepectively. (xiahepublishing.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common metabolic diseases in the world. (frontiersin.org)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance, leading to defects in glucose metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
The CHARGE diabetes working group has searched for rare mutations altering the proteins coded by genes that affect diabetes, glucose, insulin, obesity and other related traits. (cedars-sinai.edu)
He is the co-convener of the Type 2 Diabetes Working Group of CHARGE. (cedars-sinai.edu)
Genetic studies have elucidated zinc transporters in beta cells that could be a target for treating diabetes. (cedars-sinai.edu)
The CHARGE Type 2 Diabetes-Glycemia Working Group international study focusing on genotyping exomes to identify protein-altering genetic variants that affect fasting glucose and insulin levels. (cedars-sinai.edu)
Additional analyses, in over 16,000 cases of Type 2 diabetes and 81,000 controls, found that the Thr allele lowers the risk of Type 2 diabetes by 14 percent. (cedars-sinai.edu)
The association of variation in GLP-1R with fasting glucose and Type 2 diabetes represents the third instance wherein genetic epidemiology identified a gene that codes for a direct drug target in Type 2 diabetes, the other examples being KCNJ11 (codes for the target of sulfonylureas) and PPARG (codes for the target of thiazolidinediones). (cedars-sinai.edu)
The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly influenced by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors. (researchsquare.com)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major medical problem worldwide, and its development is highly affected by complex interactions between genetic and environmental (dietary and lifestyle) factors 1 . (researchsquare.com)
In type 2 diabetes, receptor activation and recognition by microorganisms from the intestinal lumen may trigger inflammatory responses, inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
In type 1 diabetes, the lowered expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium favours a greater immune response that may result in destruction of pancreatic β cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and increased expression of interleukin-17, related to autoimmunity. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientific evidence suggests increased inflammatory stress is related to molecular mechanisms leading to insulin resistance, and the intestinal microbiota interacts with environmental factors and susceptible genetic factors, contributing to the development of diabetes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our aim is to clarify the currently described effects of probiotics in the prevention and management of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
We aimed to determine whether chemerin reduces vascular insulin signaling and whether there is interplay between chemerin/ChemR23, insulin resistance, and vascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). (gla.ac.uk)
Eight cases were identified and included in the case series, who had Type 2 Diabetes. (gavinpublishers.com)
This study found that one third of all in-hospital COVID-19 deaths occurred in people with diabetes: 31.4% of deaths were in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 1.5% in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) [7]. (gavinpublishers.com)
Mortality rates increased with age, with rates significantly higher for people with both type 1 and 2 diabetes within each age group compared to those without diabetes [7]. (gavinpublishers.com)
Two recent clinical studies evaluating thiamine supplements to correct thiamine loss in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria showed decreased urinary albumin excretion and reversal of microalbuminuria. (larkinweb.co.uk)
The decreased renal reuptake of thiamine in diabetes is likely due to hyperglycemia-induced decreased expression of thiamine transporters in the renal tubular epithelium. (larkinweb.co.uk)
This review summarized the associations between various types of diabetes and cancers and updated available evidence of underlying mechanisms between diabetes and cancers. (frontiersin.org)
The risk of cancers appears to be increased in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, the underlying mechanisms between various types of diabetes and cancers have not yet been summarized. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vitamin D metabolism in general, its role in diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2) and diabetic complications (mainly diabetic kidney disease), and potential therapeutic perspectives including vitamin D signalling as a druggable target. (karger.com)
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are also more common across type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. (karger.com)
Vitamin D deficiency also contributes to many extraskeletal outcomes, including higher risk of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergy, autoimmunity, pregnancy complications, and many other pathologies. (karger.com)
The prevalence of renal failure among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually stated as 20 to 30%, but this figure is probably low. (msdmanuals.com)
Data-driven subgroups of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and the relationship with cardiovascular diseases at genetic and clinical levels in Chinese adults. (cdc.gov)
Association of Met420del Variant of Metformin Transporter Gene SLC22A1 with Metformin Treatment Response in Ethiopian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. (cdc.gov)
The Predisposition for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. (cdc.gov)
RS3480 Polymorphism of FNDC5/Irisin Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Maya-Mestizo Women. (cdc.gov)

Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)
Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we examined AA effects on metabolism in wild-type (WT) mice and GLUT10 G128E mice fed with a normal diet (CD) or HFD, as we previously showed that GLUT10 G128E mice are highly sensitive to HFD-induced T2DM 9 . (researchsquare.com)
pink mitochondrial OXPHOS) - Glucose metabolism in mitochondria . (elifesciences.org)
Glucose-6-phosphate is an intermediate in glycogen synthesis and glucose metabolism. (medscape.com)
Association of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 rs1746661 single nucleotide polymorphism with reduced brain glucose metabolism in elderly humans. (cdc.gov)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)

The SLC2A10 gene encodes the GLUT10 facilitative glucose transporter, which is expressed in high amounts in liver and pancreas. (diabetesjournals.org)
Two means of glucose transport are noted: facilitative and secondary active transport. (medscape.com)

24: e938396, 2023 Apr 13. (bvsalud.org)

Within the main glucose transporter families, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and its corresponding gene SLC2A were identified in 1985 [ 2 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
This gene provides instructions for producing a protein called the glucose transporter protein type 1 (GLUT1). (medlineplus.gov)
In the brain, the GLUT1 protein is involved in moving glucose, which is the brain's main energy source, across the blood-brain barrier. (medlineplus.gov)
The GLUT1 protein also moves glucose between cells in the brain called glia, which protect and maintain nerve cells (neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
SLC2A1 gene variants reduce or eliminate the function of the GLUT1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Having less functional GLUT1 protein reduces the amount of glucose available to brain cells, which affects brain development and function. (medlineplus.gov)
GLUT1 protein expression was present in both epithelial and stromal cells and GLUT3 was confined to CD45-positive leukocytes. (unibe.ch)
Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1 deficiency syndrome) is an inherited condition that affects the nervous system. (nih.gov)

Increased insulin levels cause the uptake of glucose into the cells. (wikipedia.org)

This also means that muscle cells are able to take in more glucose as its intracellular concentrations decrease. (wikipedia.org)
Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to a reduction in the renal tubular reabsorption of glucose. (medscape.com)
Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
These processes vary between species but universally maintain ASL glucose at 3-20-fold lower concentrations than plasma. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are increased in respiratory disease and by hyperglycaemia. (ersjournals.com)
This is in contrast to conditions in the gut and kidney, where luminal glucose concentrations regularly exceed plasma glucose concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
Using serum samples of diabetic patients whose glucose concentrations were above the threshold (10.0 mmol/l), spectroscopic methods were used to determine the concentration of glucose and zinc. (scirp.org)
Freshly extracted human proximal tubular epithelial cells were grown in primary culture in medium containing low and high glucose concentrations (5 or 26 mmol/L, respectively) with 4 nmol/L thiamine and the expression of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 investigated. (larkinweb.co.uk)
Hepatic excretory capacity is low both because of low concentrations of the binding protein ligandin in the hepatocytes and because of low activity of glucuronyl transferase, the enzyme responsible for binding bilirubin to glucuronic acid, thus making bilirubin water soluble (conjugation). (medscape.com)
Physicians now recognize that zinc supplementation can reduce the incidence and severity of diarrheal disease, and an ORS of reduced osmolarity (i.e., proportionally reduced concentrations of sodium and glucose) has been developed for global use. (cdc.gov)

The gene was examined in 61 Danish type 2 diabetic patients, and a total of six variants (−27C→T, Ala206Thr, Ala272Ala, IVS2 + 10G→A, IVS4 + 18T→G, and IVS4 + 26G→A) were identified and investigated in an association study, which included 503 type 2 diabetic patients and 510 glucose-tolerant control subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4, is a protein encoded, in humans, by the SLC2A4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
FRG is a rare disorder due mainly to mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene ( SGLT2 ) that are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We have previously showed that genetic polymorphisms in glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) gene are associated with a T2DM intermediate phenotype in non-diabetic population, and GLUT10 G128E mice (carrying human orthologous GLUT10 G128E variant) are highly sensitive to HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation. (researchsquare.com)
GSD Ia may be explained by mutations of the catalytic unit gene of the G6Pase complex, unlike GSD type Ib and GSD type Ic. (medscape.com)
GSD type Ib differs from GSD type Ia in that it is not explained by mutations of the phosphohydrolase gene. (medscape.com)
Veiga-da-Cuhna and colleagues provide evidence that all non-1a cases can be explained by mutations of the glucose-6-phosphate translocase gene. (medscape.com)

In addition, mutations in GLUT4 genes in adipocytes can also lead to increased GLUT4 expression in adipose cells, which allows for increased glucose uptake and therefore more fat stored. (wikipedia.org)
Heterozygosity for mutations suggest a role of nongenetic factors or other genes involved in renal glucose transport. (medscape.com)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
About 18% of all C. difficile genes are regulated by glucose, for which 50% depend on CcpA for regulation. (studyres.com)

RhoA activation triggers a glycolytic burst through the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A3/GLUT3 to fuel the cellular contractile machinery, as demonstrated across multiple endothelial cell types. (nature.com)
By stimulating the expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, HIF-1 promotes glycolysis to generate more pyruvate [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Short lifetimes (orange) indicate NADH production and therefore glucose flux through the main glycolytic pathway. (elifesciences.org)

8. If receiving a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, must be on a stable dose for at least 90 days. (who.int)

Fig. 5: RhoA induces glucose transporter SLC2A3 translocation which drives subcellular glycolysis in thrombin-stimulated contractile endothelial cells. (nature.com)
In VSMCs, chemerin, via oxidative stress- and ChemR23-dependent mechanisms, decreased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, glucose transporter 4 translocation to the membrane, and glucose uptake. (gla.ac.uk)

The bioavailability of dietary zinc is dependent upon the digestion of these proteins to release zinc and allow it to bond to peptides, amino acids, phosphates and other ligands within the intestinal tract. (scirp.org)
Some of the transport proteins have been identified-for example, intestinal brush border Na + /glucose and Na + /proline transporters 1,2 and the brain Na + /Cl - /GABA transporter 3 -and progress has been made in locating their active sites and probing their conformational states 1,2,4-7 . (nature.com)
The archetypical Na + -driven transporter is the intestinal brush border Na + /glucose co-transporter (see ref. 8), and a defect in the co-transporter is the origin of the congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome 9 . (nature.com)
We have shown in this review that a large body of evidence suggests probiotics reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as well as increase the expression of adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium, reducing intestinal permeability. (biomedcentral.com)

We investigated the impacts of AA on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysregulation in wild type (WT) and GLUT10 G128E mice. (researchsquare.com)
G6P availability directly modulates the activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), an ER-bound enzyme playing a key role in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS). (biomedcentral.com)
In the case of cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming, cancer cel s preferentially metabolize glu- cose through glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of oxygen [11-13]. (who.int)

Although the pattern of inheritance that best fits FRG is one of co-dominance, increased glucose excretion was not observed in all individuals with similar or identical mutations. (medscape.com)
A newly described form, GSD type Ic, does not appear to be related to mutations within the transporter protein. (medscape.com)

We have sequenced the cloned DNA and have found no homology between the Na + /glucose co-transporter and either the mammalian facilitated glucose carrier or the bacterial sugar transport proteins. (nature.com)

The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)
Immunohistochemical staining of human kidneys showed particularly intense staining of THTR -1 and THTR -2 in the proximal tubule. (larkinweb.co.uk)

At the cell surface, GLUT4 permits the facilitated diffusion of circulating glucose down its concentration gradient into muscle and fat cells. (wikipedia.org)
Glucose-6-phosphate cannot diffuse back out of cells, which also serves to maintain the concentration gradient for glucose to passively enter cells. (wikipedia.org)
Insulin is released from the pancreas and into the bloodstream in response to increased glucose concentration in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
More water than glucose is reabsorbed resulting in an increase in the glucose concentration in the urine along the tubule. (medscape.com)
As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)
In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)
The location of these transporters in human kidneys and the effect of high glucose concentration on transporter expression in human tubular epithelial cells in primary culture were investigated. (larkinweb.co.uk)

Once within cells, glucose is rapidly phosphorylated by glucokinase in the liver and hexokinase in other tissues to form glucose-6-phosphate, which then enters glycolysis or is polymerized into glycogen. (wikipedia.org)
As the body takes in energy in the form of glucose, some is expended, and the rest is stored as glycogen (primarily in the liver, muscle cells), or as triglyceride in adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
A glycogen storage disease (GSD) is the result of an enzymatic defect among various reactions that produce glucose, either by glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)
Interestingly, GSD type 0, which is due to defective glycogen synthase, also is recognized. (medscape.com)
These enzymes normally catalyze reactions that ultimately convert glycogen compounds to glucose. (medscape.com)

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) are overexpressed in multiple malignancies, and are correlated with treatment resistance, clinical factors, and poor overall survival (OS). (nih.gov)
TMS IV of the high-affinity sodium-glucose cotransporter participates in sugar binding ( Liu et al . (tcdb.org)

Adenine forms several biological compounds involved in a variety of cellular physiological processes such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular respiration and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in protein synthesis. (hindawi.com)
Protein stability was determined following treatment with protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and proteasome inhibitor MG132. (thno.org)
Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)

Further works by [8] have established the fact that Zn transporter (ZnT8) is a key protein for the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic Beta-cells. (scirp.org)

Treatment is strict glucose control, angiotensin inhibition (using angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers [ARBs]), and control of blood pressure and lipids. (msdmanuals.com)

For over 50 years, glucose has been recognised to cross the lung epithelial barrier and be transported by lung epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with 16.6±0.4 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, ASL glucose was 2.2±0.5 mM [ 11 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Resected samples showed two thirds tumor tissue necrosis as well as high expression of serine/threonine kinase Akt and low expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which activates anti-oxidant response and protects against oxidative stress in viable cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
CCX832 treatment of db/db mice decreased body weight, insulin, and glucose levels as well as vascular oxidative stress. (gla.ac.uk)

The kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
The kidneys produce between 2.0-2.5umol of glucose/kg/min thereby contributing about 20-25% of circulating glucose. (medscape.com)
Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
Renal location of THTR -1 and THTR -2 was investigated by immunohistochemical staining of parafﬁn-embedded human kidneys. (larkinweb.co.uk)
Vitamin D has to be metabolically activated in the kidney, and patients with CKD including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are not able to produce enough of the active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D). Vice versa, the kidneys are assumed to be a classical 1,25(OH) 2 D target. (karger.com)

As of March 2021, there have been approximately 122.5 million confirmed cases and over 2.7 million confirmed deaths across 223 countries and territories [2]. (gavinpublishers.com)
Kidney Blood Press Res (2021) 46 (2): 152-161. (karger.com)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one major type of component identified in the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
This observation resulted in the development of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) to detect glucose uptake and lactate production for tumor imaging. (hindawi.com)

Milder phenotypes of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. (thieme-connect.com)
they are ranked as the third or fourth than individually in suspensions and while in this environ- most commonly isolated bloodstream pathogens, surpass- ment may display altered phenotypes (2). (cdc.gov)

In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Lactate export, glycolysis rate, and CD147 protein abundance were also inhibited by HSPA12A overexpression but promoted by HSPA12A knockdown. (thno.org)
Following its conversion from glucose during glycolysis, pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) and enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (elifesciences.org)
yellow glycolysis) - Cytosolic glucose flux via the main branch of glycolysis. (elifesciences.org)
Running parallel to glycolysis, the PPP branches off at glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) generating NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate (R5P). (elifesciences.org)

Recent studies in humans and rodents suggest a role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in the development of idiopathic obesity and MS [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In another study, [3] has shown that malabsorption of zinc results in various types of disorders including the dermal, gastrointestinal, neurological and immunological abnormalities. (scirp.org)

For the typical bacterium that can make all 20 amino acids, there are 1-2 gaps in amino acid biosynthesis pathways. (lbl.gov)
Glucose diffuses into ASL via paracellular pathways at a rate determined by paracellular permeability and the transepithelial glucose gradient. (ersjournals.com)
Pathways of glucose catabolism regulating cellular NADPH/NADH. (elifesciences.org)
Different pathways of glucose flux can be targeted for pharmacological intervention. (elifesciences.org)

On the contrary, incidences of prostate cancer and testis cancer significantly decreased in men with T1DM in comparison with the general population ( 7 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)

2 The disease is characterized by proteinuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate. (xiahepublishing.com)
3 g of protein/day due to a glomerular disorder plus edema and hypoalbuminemia. (msdmanuals.com)
Pathophysiology is complex, involving glycosylation of proteins, hormonally influenced cytokine release (eg, transforming growth factor-beta), deposition of mesangial matrix, and alteration of glomerular hemodynamics. (msdmanuals.com)
Hyperglycemia causes glycosylation of glomerular proteins, which may be responsible for mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion and vascular endothelial damage. (msdmanuals.com)

While genetic factors have been associated with T2DM in population studies 2 , the effect sizes of identified variants are typically very small. (researchsquare.com)

When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, human GLUT10 exhibited 2-deoxy- d -glucose transport with an apparent K m of ∼0.3 mmol/l ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose loss in the urine may vary from a few grams to more than 100g (556 mmol) per day. (medscape.com)

stream ATP-binding cassette transporters and HDL suppress hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. (skanestugan.se)

Much like in other tissues, GLUT4 also responds to insulin signaling, and is transported into the plasma membrane to facilitate the diffusion of glucose into the cell. (wikipedia.org)

To date, T2DM still cannot be cured, and its intervention measures mainly focus on glucose control as well as the prevention and treatment of related complications. (frontiersin.org)

Here we describe cloning of this co-transporter by a method new to membrane proteins. (nature.com)

Proposed gradient in cellular NADPH/NADH and thus glucose flux along the developing BP. (elifesciences.org)

The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase). (medscape.com)

If GLUT4 is over-expressed, it can actually alter nutrient distribution and send excess glucose into adipose tissue, leading to increased adipose tissue mass. (wikipedia.org)

Chemerin and its G protein-coupled receptor [chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23)] have been associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. (gla.ac.uk)

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of glucose (Glu), fructose (Fru), glucose and fructose (GluFru) and sucralose on blood glucose response in healthy individuals. (mdpi.com)
Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of a normal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)

0.01 mM and plasma glucose 0.19 mM [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Northern hybridization analysis indicates highest levels of expression in liver and pancreas ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Levels of phosphorylation and protein expression were determined using western blotting. (hindawi.com)

When Do Symptoms of Classic glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome Begin? (nih.gov)

The glucose/fructose:H+ symporter, STP13 (sugar transport protein 13). (lbl.gov)
The fructose/xylose:H+ symporter, PMT1 (polyol monosaccharide transporter-1). (lbl.gov)

An imbalance in glucose intake and energy expenditure has been shown to lead to both adipose cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which lead to obesity. (wikipedia.org)

In December 2019, an outbreak of a highly infectious and communicable respiratory disease in Wuhan, China led to the discovery of the novel virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (gavinpublishers.com)

It produces glucose by gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)
G6Pase hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), an end-product of both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, into glucose before it can be released into circulation. (medscape.com)

It consists of 14 separate exons spanning approximately 7.7kb of genomic DNA, and encodes the 672 amino acid protein SGLT2. (medscape.com)

GapMind relies on the predicted proteins in the genome and does not search the six-frame translation. (lbl.gov)

It helps to maintain glucose homeostasis by at least two mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Understanding of mechanisms underlying lung glucose homeostasis could identify new therapeutic targets for control of ASL glucose and prevention and treatment of lung infection. (ersjournals.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs73

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes14

Information Science3

GLUT10

Diabetes49

Metabolism9

Facilitative2

20231

GLUT18

Uptake of glucose1

Concentrations12

Gene8

Genes6

Glycolytic3

SGLT1

Translocation2

Intestinal4

Metabolic3

Mutations2

Transport Proteins1

Proximal3

Concentration7

Glycogen5

Sodium-glucose2

Synthesis3

Regulation1

Inhibitors1

Epithelial cells2

Oxidative stress2

Kidneys5

20212

Tumor2

Phenotypes2

Glycolysis5

Humans1

Malabsorption1

Pathways4

T1DM1

Glomerular4

Variants1

Mmol2

Hematopoietic stem1

Diffusion of glucose1

T2DM1

Membrane proteins1

Cellular1

Enzymes1

Excess glucose1

Insulin resistance1

Blood glucose2

Plasma glucose1

Expression2

Deficiency syndrome1

Fructose2

Obesity1

Severe Acute Respi1

Gluconeogenesis2

Encodes1

Genome1

Homeostasis2