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Royal IcingThicknessMeltThickerGlueStiff1979 to 2000 averageDecorateSkatingChunksCrustArctic SeaTintAlgalRecord minimum Arctic ice extentCakeSunlight2000AlgaeTemperaturesVariabilityExtent averagedIdiomFloesFloodSnowSpatulaSeasMadeOne'sDeclineSmallerResearchersUsualClimateGrowsContainersSeasonalGlaciersIncreasesMetres thickOtherworldlySummerTimeScientistsLargelyFasterWinterFreezeCentimetersHalfReadSugarTemperatureDependsYearsWhiteGlacier2023WeakerBackConditionsThick enoughWrapSolarProbeDegrees
Royal Icing28
  • One of our all-time favorite ways to decorate sugar cookies is by flooding them with royal icing . (foodnetwork.com)
  • Start by baking up a batch of Food Network Magazine's basic sugar cookies and making around 2 1/4 cups worth of basic royal icing. (foodnetwork.com)
  • Flooding' is a technique used to cover a cookie completely with royal icing. (foodnetwork.com)
  • Transfer about 1/2 cup of the royal icing to a resealable plastic bag and snip a small corner. (foodnetwork.com)
  • The glue (aka royal icing) is unflavored and quite stiff, making it ideal for construction. (arkansasonline.com)
  • For cookies you plan to eat, use one of the Royal Icing recipes that follow. (arkansasonline.com)
  • Royal Icing is a popular choice for cookie decoration because it dries hard, with a smooth and shiny finish. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Stiff Royal Icing is required when making flowers, leaves, ruffles, brush embroidery, and decorations that need to perfectly hold their shape. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Stiff Royal Icing consistency is like cream cheese. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Piping Royal Icing is used for borders and outlines, decorative details, and lettering. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Piping Royal Icing consistency should be similar to toothpaste or soft serve ice cream, and when dropped back onto itself, it should disappear in about 25 seconds. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Medium Royal Icing falls between Piping and Flood. (imperialsugar.com)
  • With Medium Royal Icing you can flood and outline at the same time. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Medium Royal Icing consistency should be like ketchup, and it should disappear back into itself in about 15 seconds. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Flood Royal Icing is used for filling in between outlines of cookies. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Flood Royal Icing consistency should be like white Elmer's glue or honey. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Imperial Sugar's Royal Icing recipe is made with meringue powder, which is just dried egg whites. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Traditional royal icing recipes call for raw egg whites, but to avoid any chance of salmonella , we recommend using meringue powder. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Sift well to ensure a smooth Royal Icing consistency. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Separate the Stiff Royal Icing into individual containers with lids based on the consistency and colors you need. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Then the Stiff Royal Icing starting with 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of water at a time. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Royal Icing is very forgiving. (imperialsugar.com)
  • To tint your Royal Icing, use gel paste food coloring. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Royal Icing darkens as it dries, so mix your color a bit lighter than what you want the final color to be. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Because different batches can have slightly different hues, mix up extra tinted Royal Icing so that you won't have color matching issues should you not have enough icing the first time. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Royal Icing made with meringue powder is shelf-stable and will keep at room temperature in an airtight container for up to 2 weeks without refrigeration. (imperialsugar.com)
  • If the Royal Icing gets crusty, adding a little warm water will rehydrate it. (imperialsugar.com)
  • Royal Icing will also separate if it sits for a while. (imperialsugar.com)
Thickness21
  • This nearly four-metre-long, torpedo-shaped probe is flown over the ice with a helicopter and measures the ice thickness by means of an electromagnetic induction method. (skepticalscience.com)
  • In this way the sea ice physicists created an ice thickness profile of the central Arctic over a total distance of more than 2,500 flown kilometres. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Their conclusion is: at sites where the sea ice was mainly composed of old, thicker ice floes in the past decades there is now primarily one-year-old ice with an average thickness of 90 centimetres. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Changes in sea ice thickness and extent also have direct consequences for the ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Sea ice thickness is inferred by measuring the height of the ice above the water, and this measurement is distorted by snow weighing the ice floe down. (phys.org)
  • Robbie Mallett (UCL Earth Sciences), the Ph.D. student who led the study, said: "The thickness of sea ice is a sensitive indicator of the health of the Arctic. (phys.org)
  • Previous calculations of sea ice thickness are based on a snow map last updated 20 years ago. (phys.org)
  • Co-author Professor Julienne Stroeve (UCL Earth Sciences) said: "There are a number of uncertainties in measuring sea ice thickness but we believe our new calculations are a major step forward in terms of more accurately interpreting the data we have from satellites. (phys.org)
  • To calculate sea ice thickness researchers used radar from the European Space Agency's CryoSat-2 satellite. (phys.org)
  • By timing how long it takes for radar waves to bounce back from the ice, they can calculate the height of the ice above the water, from which they can infer the ice's total thickness. (phys.org)
  • By combining the results of the snow model with satellite radar observations, they then estimated the overall rate of decline of sea ice thickness in the Arctic, as well as the variability of sea ice thickness from year to year. (phys.org)
  • The thickness of ice depends on a variety of factors that may change throughout the day or from area-to-area. (poolfence.com)
  • More important to the summer melt is the thickness of the ice cover, and summer weather. (nsidc.org)
  • A recent NASA study found that since 1958, the Arctic sea ice cover has lost on average around two-thirds of its thickness and now 70 percent of the sea ice cap is made of seasonal ice, or ice that forms and melts within a single year. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • We explore current variability and future projections of winter Arctic sea ice thickness and growth using data from climate models and satellite observations. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Winter ice thickness in the Community Earth System Model's Large Ensemble compares well against thickness estimates from the Pan‐Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System and CryoSat‐2, despite some significant regional differences-for example, a high thickness bias in Community Earth System Model's Large Ensemble in the western Arctic. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • In general, sea ice hazards are related to sea ice thickness. (europa.eu)
  • Polynya characteristics are inferred from (1) sea ice concentrations and brightness temperatures from passive microwave satellite sensors (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E and AMSR2), Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSM/I-SSMIS)) and (2) thin-ice thickness distributions, which are calculated using MODIS ice-surface temperatures and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis data in a 1D thermodynamic energy-balance model. (mdpi.com)
  • Data from satellites show that perennial ice (ice that survives all year) declined by 14 per-cent between 1978 and 1998, while data from submarine cruises show that ice thickness has declined by about 40 percent over the last 20-40 years. (worldviewofglobalwarming.org)
  • Ice thickness can also vary at different sections of the lake. (moddb.com)
  • Time required to make a hole in the ice has been adjusted and now also depends on the ice thickness and the tool used. (moddb.com)
Melt14
  • One of the most important research questions was: Did sea ice melt to a greater extent this summer, making it thinner than in past years? (skepticalscience.com)
  • Several-year-old ice lets the least amount of light through because it has few melt ponds and a thick layer of weathered ice on its surface," says Nicolaus. (skepticalscience.com)
  • One-year-old ice, by contrast, is more pervious to light, especially in areas with many melt ponds. (skepticalscience.com)
  • During 2012's record ice melt in the Arctic , when the ice cover over the ocean shrank to the lowest levels ever seen, researchers explored the region's seas with remotely operated vehicles. (livescience.com)
  • Thinner ice is also less likely to survive during the Arctic summer melt. (phys.org)
  • Increasingly, the ice in this region is not surviving the summer melt. (phys.org)
  • More relevant is the total ice loss through the melt season. (nsidc.org)
  • The summer of 2007 featured unusually high sea level pressure centered north of the Beaufort Sea and Greenland, and unusually low pressure along northern Eurasia, bringing in warm southerly winds along the shores of the East Siberian and Chukchi seas (3 to 5 degrees Celsius, or 5 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit above normal), favoring strong ice melt in these sectors and pushing the ice away from the coast, leaving open water. (nsidc.org)
  • However, much of the extensive ice cover is thin ice that will melt quickly once temperatures rise in the Arctic. (nsidc.org)
  • Much of the ice cover is recently formed thin ice that will melt out quickly. (nsidc.org)
  • Unfortunately, the positive feedback loop of summer ice melt and increased solar absorption associated with summer ice melting still appears to be dominant and continue to drive overall sea ice declines. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Melt modelling indicated the presence of liquid meltwater at the snow-ice interface and that at least 10 cm of the surface ice below the snow pack was at 0°C. Solar radiation transmitted through the thin snow pack to the ice surface is absorbed by pigmented glacier algae causing melt of the surrounding ice, allowing the possibly of photosynthesis to begin under the thinning snowpack in these micro-melt environments. (frontiersin.org)
  • As the season progresses, I would expect that snow to melt away toward the rock, meaning your option is bare ice. (mountaineers.org)
  • If you cut through the icing with a knife, it will not melt back together. (imperialsugar.com)
Thicker5
  • It is important as thicker ice acts as an insulating blanket, stopping the ocean from warming up the atmosphere in winter, and protecting the ocean from the sunshine in summer. (phys.org)
  • Brackish ice, which contains salt, needs to be thicker and is more difficult to assess. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • But why not skate on safer, thicker ice? (nationalgeographic.com)
  • On the whole, thicker ice is always better. (poolfence.com)
  • how does a weakening ice cover manage to grow at a faster rate during the winter than it did when the Arctic was colder and the ice was thicker and stronger? (wattsupwiththat.com)
Glue1
  • People that abuse (inhale) certain products such as glue or paint thinner can be exposed to toluene. (cdc.gov)
Stiff1
  • Continue to mix on medium-high for 5-6 minutes until the icing has reached a very stiff consistency. (imperialsugar.com)
1979 to 2000 average6
  • Through 2012, the linear rate of decline for September Arctic ice extent over the satellite record is now 13.0% per decade, relative to the 1979 to 2000 average. (nsidc.org)
  • Compared to the 1979 to 2000 average ice conditions, the September 2012 ice cover represents a 49% reduction in the area of the Arctic Ocean covered by sea ice. (nsidc.org)
  • It was the highest average ice extent for the month since 2001, only 270,000 square kilometers (104,000 square miles) below the 1979 to 2000 average extent. (nsidc.org)
  • Overall, the Arctic lost 1.07 million square kilometers (413,000 square miles) of ice during April, somewhat less than the 1979 to 2000 average April loss of 1.21 million square kilometers (467,000 square miles). (nsidc.org)
  • On April 24, ice extent was only 118,000 square kilometers (45,6000 square miles) below the 1979 to 2000 average for that day, although the difference has increased since then. (nsidc.org)
  • While ice conditions approached the 1979 to 2000 average levels for this time of year, the high ice extent will have little influence on how much ice melts this summer. (nsidc.org)
Decorate3
  • decorate (clothing or soft furnishings) with a thin cord covered in fabric. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Decorate with the colored icing while the white icing is still wet (click through gallery). (foodnetwork.com)
  • intransitive verb To cover or decorate (a cake, for example) with a sugar coating. (wordnik.com)
Skating13
Chunks2
  • Not only was more algae clinging to the underside of the thinning ice, but chunks of algae up to 20 inches (50 centimeters) in size littered the seafloor, covering 10 percent of the muddy bottom. (livescience.com)
  • Now large chunks of ice are floating away, and an enormous freshwater lake that floated on top of the 4,000-year-old shelf has disappeared. (discovermagazine.com)
Crust5
  • We observed pooled meltwater at the snow-ice interface that appeared to scavenge DON (∼1-8 µM) and possibly NO 3 − (∼1-2 µM) from the underlying ice, whose initial surface was a continuum of superimposed ice and weathering crust from the previous season. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence, we conjecture that glacier algal blooms can commence before the snow pack has completely melted, occuring at a time when meltwaters are enhanced in nutrients scavenged from the snowpack, superimposed ice and the remnants of the weathering crust from the previous year. (frontiersin.org)
  • Europa, meanwhile, appears to be entirely covered by an ocean, sandwiched between a rocky core and a thin ice crust. (newscientist.com)
  • Galileo also hints that Europa's ice crust has active plate tectonics, which would let nutrients from the surface make their way into the liquid ocean. (newscientist.com)
  • Plastic should be touching the icing to prevent a crust from developing. (imperialsugar.com)
Arctic Sea17
  • The research vessel Polarstern drifting in Arctic sea ice. (phys.org)
  • As summer Arctic sea ice melts away to nothing, it's important to remember that not only is the ice shrinking in size - it's also getting younger and thinner. (barentsobserver.com)
  • Arctic sea ice extent for September 2012 was 3.61 million square kilometers (1.39 million square miles). (nsidc.org)
  • The graph above shows Arctic sea ice extent as of September 30, 2012, along with daily ice extent data for the previous five years. (nsidc.org)
  • Arctic sea ice extent averaged for September 2012 was the lowest in the satellite record, and was 16% lower than the previous low for the month, which occurred in 2007. (nsidc.org)
  • Read scientific analysis on Arctic sea ice conditions. (nsidc.org)
  • Arctic sea ice extent declined slowly through the first three weeks of April, compared to recent years. (nsidc.org)
  • Arctic sea ice extent for April 2012 was 14.73 million square kilometers (5.69 million square miles). (nsidc.org)
  • Arctic sea ice extent in April 2012 averaged 14.73 million square kilometers (5.69 million square miles). (nsidc.org)
  • The graph above shows Arctic sea ice extent as of May 1, 2012, along with daily ice extent data for the previous five years. (nsidc.org)
  • Arctic sea ice extent for April 2012 was near average for the month in the satellite record, but was the highest since 2001. (nsidc.org)
  • New NASA research has found that increases in the rate at which Arctic sea ice grows in the winter may have partially slowed down the decline of the Arctic sea ice cover. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • The end-of-summer Arctic sea ice extent has almost halved since the early 1980s. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Arctic sea ice is still very much in decline across all seasons and is projected to continue its decline over the coming decades. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Our findings highlight some resilience of the Arctic sea ice cover," Petty said. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Arctic sea ice is thinning and cracking, say researchers on two continents. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Another measure of Arctic Sea Ice was created from satellite microwave data from 1978 to 2000, by Josefino Cosimo et al in Geophys. (worldviewofglobalwarming.org)
Tint1
  • Place half of the thinned icing in a resealable plastic bag and tint the rest with red and/or green gel food coloring. (foodnetwork.com)
Algal1
Record minimum Arctic ice extent1
  • While much attention has been paid to the record minimum Arctic ice extent set on September 16, 2012 , winter sea ice extent in Antarctica has reached a record high. (nsidc.org)
Cake2
  • put (a decorative line or pattern) on a cake or similar dish using icing, whipped cream, etc. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The latter enhancement pattern has been referred to as cake icing or zuckerguss (German for sugar icing) and can be found in the brain, spine, or both, as shown in the images below. (medscape.com)
Sunlight4
  • The sea ice physicists also made major advances in connection with the question of how much sunlight penetrates through the ice. (skepticalscience.com)
  • The so-called ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) dived to a depth of 100 metres below the ice and made large-scale recordings of the distribution of sunlight under the ice using a spectral radiometer. (skepticalscience.com)
  • The researchers think the algae clumps grew better and faster in 2012 because the Arctic's thinning ice made more sunlight available underneath the ice floes. (livescience.com)
  • And as the ice disappears, more and more sunlight will be absorbed into the dark ocean instead of being reflected. (discovermagazine.com)
20001
Algae6
  • Due to the melting of sea ice, algae are released from the ice into the sea. (skepticalscience.com)
  • We had cameras showing that, partially, the seafloor was green with ice algae deposits," Antje Boetius, a biological oceanographer at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Germany and lead author of the study, said in an email interview. (livescience.com)
  • Clinging to the ice like vines, the 3-foot-long (1 meter) algae strands share a similarity in color and shape with "Star Wars" character Chewbacca's dreadlocks. (livescience.com)
  • While many kinds of algae grow under the Arctic ice, the clumps of Melosira arctica are particularly heavy compared to its brethren, and so fall to the seafloor instead of wafting in the waves to be consumed by near-surface dwellers. (livescience.com)
  • The rapid growth of algae beneath the ice in 2012, quickly followed by a massive deluge of sea scum onto the ocean floor, has never been seen before, Boetius said. (livescience.com)
  • It was already known that ice algae could grow in the ice and form gigantic accumulations under the ice. (livescience.com)
Temperatures3
  • As discussed in previous posts, the high Bering Sea ice extent this winter stemmed from unusually low air temperatures and persistent winds that helped to push ice southwards. (nsidc.org)
  • As temperatures in the Arctic have warmed at double the pace of the rest of the planet, the expanse of frozen seawater that blankets the Arctic Ocean and neighboring seas has shrunk and thinned over the past three decades. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • However, because of rising global temperatures , the ice over Lake Hodgson, like other Antarctic ice sheets, has gotten much thinner. (forbes.com)
Variability1
  • Moreover, year-to-year variability of sea ice is very large and hazardous multiyear ice (MYI) floes sometimes appear also in typically seasonally ice free regions. (europa.eu)
Extent averaged1
  • Because of the very slow rate of ice loss through the last half of March and the first three weeks of April, ice extent averaged for April ranked close to average out of 34 years of satellite data. (nsidc.org)
Idiom4
Floes2
Flood1
Snow29
  • In the new study, published in the journal The Cryosphere , researchers swapped this map for the results of a new computer model designed to estimate snow depth as it varies year to year, and concluded that sea ice in key coastal regions was thinning at a rate that was 70% to 100% faster than previously thought. (phys.org)
  • Because sea ice has begun forming later and later in the year, the snow on top has less time to accumulate. (phys.org)
  • Our calculations account for this declining snow depth for the first time, and suggest the sea ice is thinning faster than we thought. (phys.org)
  • In the new study, researchers used a novel snow model previously developed by researchers at UCL and Colorado State University, SnowModel-LG, which calculates snow depth and density using inputs such as air temperature, snowfall and ice motion data to track how much snow accumulates on sea ice as it moves around the Arctic Ocean. (phys.org)
  • Mallett, Professor Stroeve and co-author Dr. Michel Tsamados (UCL Earth Sciences) spent several weeks investigating snow and ice in the Arctic onboard the German research vessel Polarstern, which explored the central Arctic Ocean in 2019 and 2020. (phys.org)
  • Double those requirements if the ice is covered by snow. (poolfence.com)
  • Believe it or not, snow can act as an insulator for ice. (poolfence.com)
  • Snow is also heavy, so it adds extra stress on the developing ice. (poolfence.com)
  • Entire mountain snow covered. (onthesnow.com)
  • In Australia, it is described as a violent and very cold wind which is loaded with snow, some of which has been raised from snow covered ground. (timeanddate.com)
  • The tires roll reasonably well on dry roads (for a studded snow tire), but the stability, traction, and handling on ice is phenomenal! (biketiresdirect.com)
  • Until I received these tires, I was slipping on snow and ice. (biketiresdirect.com)
  • But on a thin snow layer or ice, they grip like a machine. (biketiresdirect.com)
  • I've been riding on snow packed and ice covered road shoulder. (biketiresdirect.com)
  • One example that I wasn't previously aware of, were the climate events of 536 AD - 'dry fogs', crop failures, 'dim suns' and yellow snow etc. - features consistent with a large volcanic eruption, possibly near the site of Krakatoa - and which correlates with evidence of a sulphate peak in the North GRIP ice core at the same time. (realclimate.org)
  • Manske Swamp trail was smooth & snow covered for the most part. (snowtracks.com)
  • 10W/13N thinner SNOW with icy blown spots. (snowtracks.com)
  • 13S from the Buckatabon Shelter was mostly SNOW covered with some icy corners. (snowtracks.com)
  • The last leg on the north side to the Eagle River Inn & Resort was SNOW covered. (snowtracks.com)
  • Very snirty, ice & thin of SNOW. (snowtracks.com)
  • SNOW covered. (snowtracks.com)
  • 10E on the north side heading to town is a combination of SNOW covered, ice, snirt & even few spots of dirt. (snowtracks.com)
  • This study provides the first contemporaneous measurements of the concentration and speciation of dissolved nitrogen (N) in snow, meltwater and ice during the onset of the ablation season at a site within the Dark Zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet. (frontiersin.org)
  • The shallow meteoric ice (∼10 cm-1 m) beneath the snow pack had high concentrations of DON and NH 4 + (6.5 and 2.6 µM, respectively), while NO 3 − concentrations were similar to the snow pack (1.1 µM). (frontiersin.org)
  • The absence of NH 4 + in the snowmelt traversing the snow-ice interface may also point to microbial activity occurring at this boundary layer. (frontiersin.org)
  • This is 35-40 degree ice with a thin covering of snow. (mountaineers.org)
  • For information on the Larsen ice shelf breakup of 2002, see National Snow and Ice Data Center, http://nsidc.org/iceshelves/larsenb2002/ . (worldviewofglobalwarming.org)
  • Snow related overhaul was recently accomplished, and now we've also done with overhauling the ice and all there is to it. (moddb.com)
  • Will freshly fallen snow cover those thin ice tiles making them invisible or hard to see? (moddb.com)
Spatula1
  • Using a small offset spatula or the back of a spoon, spread the icing to cover the cookie. (foodnetwork.com)
Seas3
  • Sea ice in the coastal seas typically varies from half a metre to two metres thick. (phys.org)
  • The faster thinning of sea ice in the coastal Arctic seas has implications for human activity in the region, both in terms of shipping along the Northern Sea Route for a larger part of the year, as well as the extraction of resources from the sea floor such as oil, gas and minerals. (phys.org)
  • Ice-bound seas just keep getting hotter - at least as candidates for life beyond Earth. (newscientist.com)
Made2
  • A photographer and filmmaker based in Stockholm, Trygg has made an art of capturing both the clear, black appearance of the ice, and the laser-like symphony of sounds created when an ice skater's bodyweight passes over it. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • They are made up of dry ice, or solid carbon dioxide. (weareteachers.com)
One's1
  • intransitive verb Sports To shoot (the puck) from one's defensive half of an ice hockey rink across the opponent's goal line outside of the goal. (wordnik.com)
Decline4
  • Currently it is scientifically controversial, however, whether the Arctic Ocean will become "more productive" because of the decline in ice and the related increase in light. (skepticalscience.com)
  • We believe that we have observed a new phenomenon, which is connected to the sea ice decline, and which may change the way the Arctic ecosystem functions. (livescience.com)
  • Monthly September ice extent for 1979 to 2012 shows a decline of 13.0% per decade. (nsidc.org)
  • The slow decline through March and the first few weeks of April meant that by mid-April, ice extent was at near-average levels. (nsidc.org)
Smaller1
Researchers4
  • Compared to their measurements from 2007, when the extent of the sea ice had diminished to a record minimum of 4.3 million square kilometres, the researchers have not yet found any differences, however. (skepticalscience.com)
  • The researchers detected significant differences in places where ice was lacking this summer - in the Laptev Sea, for example. (skepticalscience.com)
  • The researchers measured the greatest amounts of light under new ice. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Sea ice in the coastal regions of the Arctic may be thinning up to twice as fast as previously thought, according to a new modelling study led by UCL researchers. (phys.org)
Usual1
  • Sunday some nice cover but skied/blown off by PM. As the usual comments, $$$ and not enough attention to lift lines and it's organization. (onthesnow.com)
Climate4
  • We hope this work can be used to better assess the performance of climate models that forecast the effects of long-term climate change in the Arctic-a region that is warming at three times the global rate, and whose millions of square kilometres of ice are essential for keeping the planet cool. (phys.org)
  • Climate change global warming causes more snowfall and more ice. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Ongoing climate warming has manifested as shrinking and thinning of pack ice in the Arctic. (europa.eu)
  • Climate change is melting ice by land and by sea in the Arctic. (discovermagazine.com)
Grows1
  • We assess the importance of the negative conductive feedback of sea ice growth (thinner ice grows faster) by regressing October atmosphere/ice/ocean conditions against winter ice growth. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Containers1
  • O. erraticus ticks from Alentejo, Portugal (provided by Fernando Boinas, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa in Lisbon, Portugal) were sorted into groups of 10 adults or fifth-instar nymphs, placed into 60-mL containers covered with nylon cloth (16-cm mesh), and maintained at 85% relative humidity and 27°C for 18 months without feeding. (cdc.gov)
Seasonal2
  • From these results we can conclude that the observed change from a several-year-old ice cover to a seasonal Arctic ice cover will lead to an increase in light in the Arctic Ocean, particularly in summer and autumn," states Nicolaus. (skepticalscience.com)
  • this is by far the largest seasonal loss of sea ice in the satellite record. (nsidc.org)
Glaciers2
  • Data from a comprehensive survey of the ice cap suggest that although the high elevation portions of the ice sheet are unchanged, the outlet glaciers are changing. (worldviewofglobalwarming.org)
  • I have worked in both mountain and lowland environments around the globe and at all spatial scales (from cirque glaciers to ice sheets). (lu.se)
Increases1
Metres thick1
Otherworldly1
  • Clumps of the aquatic life drop from the sea ice to the ocean floor below, occasionally feeding otherworldly creatures that live there, like sea cucumbers and brittle stars. (livescience.com)
Summer2
  • The scientists sailed through the thinning ice in late summer 2012 aboard the research icebreaker RV Polarstern . (livescience.com)
  • Research has shown that sea ice extent in spring does not tell us much about ice extent the following summer. (nsidc.org)
Time9
  • This time, however, there was no sign of ice formation anywhere. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Traders, knowing that the 'shorts' had to cover at any cost, lost no time marking prices up, which pulled in investors anxious to catch the wave. (safehaven.com)
  • In today's post, It's time to discuss why kids and adults need to beware of thin ice. (poolfence.com)
  • But at the same time that sea ice is vanishing quicker than it has ever been observed in the satellite record, it is also thickening at a faster rate during winter. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Fortunately, there's a high-profile kiddie science fair going on there at the time, and Peter Parker convinces J. Jonah Jameson to send him to cover the story. (everything2.com)
  • This doesn't happen the same time every year, and the ice also doesn't grow equally thick every year. (moddb.com)
  • It's around 25 minute job (game-time) to make a hole into half a meter thick ice with an axe. (moddb.com)
  • Eventually the frozen holes will look like the regular ice cover, but may be weaker than the surrounding ice for some time. (moddb.com)
  • If you added too much water was and the icing is too soft, bring it back to the desired consistency by adding powdered sugar one tablespoon at a time. (imperialsugar.com)
Scientists2
  • Prior to that it had covered more than 11,800 nautical miles on its 16-week research voyage and accommodated around 130 scientists from six countries on the three legs. (skepticalscience.com)
  • Using satellite radar and helicopter observations, scientists at Laval University in Quebec and the University of Alaska at Fairbanks discovered that the more-than-150-square-mile Ward Hunt Ice Shelf on the north coast of Canada's Nunavut territory has split in half. (discovermagazine.com)
Largely2
  • Because ice extent falls through the first part of September and rises in the latter part, statistics on the average daily rate of ice loss or gain through the month are largely meaningless. (nsidc.org)
  • The Sulphide Glacier is largely bare ice now, which has pushed the route far to climber's left. (mountaineers.org)
Faster1
  • If we didn't have this negative feedback, the ice would be declining even faster than it currently is. (wattsupwiththat.com)
Winter4
  • Precautions need to be taken to ensure that ice is safe before taking part in your winter recreational activities, but determining the strength of ice is difficult. (poolfence.com)
  • In April, ice cover remained unusually extensive in the Bering Sea, continuing a pattern that persisted over the winter. (nsidc.org)
  • This increase in the amount of sea ice growing in winter doesn't overcome the large increase in melting we've observed in recent decades," said Alek Petty, a sea ice scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and lead author of the study. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Warm Arctic, Increased Winter Sea Ice Growth? (wattsupwiththat.com)
Freeze5
  • As the water starts to freeze, lots of kids are heading out on the ice. (poolfence.com)
  • The roads I travel typically freeze because of water run-off from the surrounding hills and I travel over several bridges, which are notorious for icing over. (biketiresdirect.com)
  • Holes in the ice will freeze back gradually and remain recognizable for a few days. (moddb.com)
  • As holes in the ice won't freeze completely overnight it's now easier to maintain your wintertime water supply by breaking the same slightly frozen hole on a regular basis with only a little effort. (moddb.com)
  • 3. Place into liquid nitrogen Dewar or dry ice to snap freeze. (who.int)
Centimeters2
Half1
  • In the United Kingdom, Seymour Laxon of University College London used satellite radar to study roughly half the permanent ice cover in the Arctic and found that it has thinned by 12 inches over the last eight years. (discovermagazine.com)
Read1
  • Most ice-related accidents occur when people don't understand ice formation or how to read ice conditions. (poolfence.com)
Sugar1
  • This appearance has been referred to as "zuckerguss" or sugar icing. (medscape.com)
Temperature1
  • The water temperature at a depth of ten metres was three degrees Celsius - that is how much the sun had heated the ice-free water surface," says Prof. Dr. Ursula Schauer, scientific head of the leg through the central Arctic. (skepticalscience.com)
Depends2
  • Our measurements have shown that the quantity of light under the ice depends to a considerable extent on the type of ice. (skepticalscience.com)
  • If you happen to fall through the ice climbing and pulling yourself back onto the ice is not easy and depends on your climbing skill, agility and strength. (moddb.com)
Years3
  • The six lowest September ice extents over the satellite record have all occurred in the last six years. (nsidc.org)
  • Meanwhile, the largest ice shelf in the Arctic is breaking up, caused possibly by a rise of 1 degree Fahrenheit over the last 30 years. (discovermagazine.com)
  • During the last Ice Age over 100,000 years ago, this lake was covered with ice over 1300 feet thick. (forbes.com)
White3
  • Covers the tragedy on Changabang, the Arwa Tower and Siguniang's Great White Dyke amongst much else. (needlesports.com)
  • Snip a corner of the white icing bag and pipe a generous amount inside the border of each cookie. (foodnetwork.com)
  • It is usually milky white or thin and clear. (msdmanuals.com)
Glacier3
  • To get to high camp we would have had to cross the glacier which had a lot of exposed ice and uncertain water sources, so we opted to stay at low camp at 6,225ft (48.80197, -121.60348). (mountaineers.org)
  • We got on the glacier which had bare exposed ice from the outset. (mountaineers.org)
  • You can see how everything to the right is bare ice, meaning the only feasible climbing route (for a Basic Glacier Climb! (mountaineers.org)
20231
  • Published 2 November 2023 Niklas Kappelt has been one of the ERCs editing the latest Past Global Changes magazine related to ice core research. (lu.se)
Weaker1
Back1
  • Donna E. Shalala is quoted on the back cover thusly: "Molly Bolt is a genuine descendant - genuine female descendant - of Huckleberry Finn. (scienceblogs.com)
Conditions4
  • What are the ideal ice conditions? (nationalgeographic.com)
  • The main objective of this proposal is to develop new methods to retrieve sea ice parameters from existing (and imminent) satellite sensors to provide enhanced products for polar operators and prediction systems, specifically addressing extreme and unexpected conditions. (europa.eu)
  • Automatic remote sensing products traditionally provide general information on sea ice conditions such as ice extent and concentration. (europa.eu)
  • This is because they are designed to resist typical forces of induced by pack ice, but they are not designed to resist the extreme sea ice conditions. (europa.eu)
Thick enough2
Wrap3
Solar2
  • Not only are they the largest in the solar system, but they can cover the whole planet, reach speeds of 125 miles per hour, and last for months! (weareteachers.com)
  • Solar forcing has been suggested for the Mayans and for the Little Ice Age, but hard evidence is difficult to come by. (realclimate.org)
Probe1
  • Sampling the ocean may require a probe to land and drill through the ice, since we don't know for sure if the plumes are fed by it. (newscientist.com)
Degrees1
  • Where it ends in the photo is actually where it ended, and then we'd be ascending 35-40 degree ice (40-45 degrees at its steepest). (mountaineers.org)