• Thiomersal was used as a preservative (bactericide) so that multidose vials of vaccines could be used instead of single-dose vials, which are more expensive. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the United States, the European Union, and a few other affluent countries, thiomersal is no longer used as a preservative in routine childhood vaccination schedules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thimerosal is an ethyl mercury-based preservative used in vials that contain more than one dose of a vaccine (multi-dose vials) to prevent germs, bacteria and/or fungi from contaminating the vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • This article answers the most frequently asked questions about thimerosal and its use as a preservative in vaccines. (immunizationinfo.org)
  • TIV is also available both with trace amounts of thimerosal and with thimerosal as a preservative. (immunizationinfo.org)
  • Thimerosal, has been widely used as a preservative in a number of biological and drug products, including many vaccines, to help prevent potentially life threatening contamination with harmful microbes. (fishersci.com)
  • Fourteen years after the introduction of thimerosal (a mercury-based preservative then under the trade name Merthiolate) by the pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly, Leo Kanner at John Hopkins Medical Center diagnosed the peculiar behavior associated with autism in eleven kids for the first time. (blogspot.com)
  • Thimerosal, which contains ethyl mercury, has been used as a preservative in vaccines to prevent contamination of multidose vials from bacteria and fungi since the 1930s. (aap.org)
  • 3 Thus, thimerosal as a preservative has been removed from most vaccines in the United States, generally resulting in distribution of vaccines in single-dose rather than multidose vials. (aap.org)
  • Thimerosal is an organic mercury (Hg)-containing compound (49.55 % Hg by weight) historically added to many multi-dose vials of vaccine as a preservative. (springer.com)
  • Most flu shots administered in the U.S. do not contain thimerosal, an ethylmercury-based preservative, due to the development of single-dose vaccines. (12newsnow.com)
  • Thimerosal is a mercury-containing preservative used in some vaccines and other products since the 1930s. (unt.edu)
  • Since 2001, with the exception of some influenza (flu) vaccines, thimerosal is not used as a preservative in routinely recommended childhood vaccines. (unt.edu)
  • Recommendations regarding the use of vaccines that contain thimerosal as a preservative. (unt.edu)
  • The pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly & Co. have given thimerosal the trade name Merthiolate and its been used as a preservative for in vaccines, immunoglobulin preparations, skin test antigens, tattoo inks, ophthalmic and nasal products, and antivenins. (bad-drug.net)
  • The vast majority of these flu vaccines were multi-dose formulations, containing 25 micrograms of mercury via the preservative thimerosal. (theepochtimes.com)
  • Thimerosal generates ethylmercury in aqueous solution and is widely used as preservative. (currenthealthscenario.com)
  • Thimerosal is a preservative that is widely used in medical products, including as a preservative in vaccines, immunoglobulin preparations, skin test antigens, antivenins, ophthalmic and nasal products, and tattoo inks, and is composed of 49.6 percent ethylmercury by weight [ 1 ]. (currenthealthscenario.com)
  • Second, and perhaps most disturbing, is the fact that the vaccines being removed from the market are the preservative and thimerosal free versions. (unhypnotize.com)
  • Thiomersal is the preservative ethylmercurithiosalicylate, which breaks down to produce ethyl mercury. (theconversation.com)
  • Since then, thimerosal has been the most widely used preservative in multi-dose vaccines . (thevaccinemom.com)
  • 1 A vaccine composed of 0.01% thimerosal as a preservative contains approximately 25 micrograms of mercury per 0.5 mL dose. (thevaccinemom.com)
  • Lie # 1 "Thimerosal, 49.55% mercury by weight, is safe when used as a preservative in vaccines and other drugs. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • In that post, I characterized the scientifically discredited notion that the mercury in the thimerosal preservative that used to be in several childhood vaccines was the cause of the "autism epidemic" as "one of the most pernicious medical myths of recent years. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • According to the FDA other than allergic responses in some individuals, there was no known health risk from thimerosal-preservative at the concentration used in vaccines, although this ingredient was removed from childhood vaccines in the U.S. in 2001 due to scientific uncertainty at the time. (nxtbook.com)
  • At a town hall meeting Friday in Texas, Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., declared that "there's strong evidence" that thimerosal, a mercury-based preservative that was once in many childhood vaccines, is responsible for the increased diagnoses of autism in the U.S. -- a position in stark contrast with the view of the medical establishment. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The mixture will include, but will not be limited to, the following ingredients: thimerosal (a mercury derivative), ethylene glycol (antifreeze), phenol (a disinfectant dye), benzethonium chloride (a disinfectant), formaldehyde (a preservative and disinfectant), and aluminum. (scienceblogs.com)
  • this approach is necessary to overcome the potential detrimental effect of thimerosal on IPV (the preservative in DTP). (who.int)
  • That, however, cannot be said of the vacccine-thimerosal-autism triangle that began in 1929, when the population of autistic spectrum disorder children (ASD) was zero. (blogspot.com)
  • Thimerosal and autism throughout the past century go hand and hand. (blogspot.com)
  • Over the next ten years, the autism rate would climb again to 1-in-1,000 in 1991, when the DTP triple shot and hepatitis B were added to the vaccine chart, both of which contained thimerosal. (blogspot.com)
  • That study found consistent significantly increased rate ratios for diagnosed autism and ASD with increasing organic Hg exposure from Thimerosal-containing vaccines from birth to 7 months and birth to 13 months of age. (springer.com)
  • Subsequently, in 2013, a case-control assessment of organic Hg from Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccination in infants who were diagnosed autism in the computerized medical records within the VSD database was undertaken [ 8 ]. (springer.com)
  • Subjects diagnosed with autism in comparison to controls were significantly more likely to have received increased organic Hg exposure from Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccines within the first month of life, the first 2 months of life, and the first 6 months of life. (springer.com)
  • Furthermore, a scientific review * by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded that "the evidence favors rejection of a causal relationship between thimerosal-containing vaccines and autism. (unt.edu)
  • Given the cases of children with autism and brain development disorders, some people attribute thimerosal and the fact that its major component is mercury, to the reason why many children are autistic and have neurological and brain development disorders. (bad-drug.net)
  • Another failure to link thimerosal to a higher risk of autism. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Can we just bury the claim that thimerosal in vaccines causes autism, already? (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • I like to characterize the notion that thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) cause autism as the American version of the British myth, popularized by Andrew Wakefield and a sensationalistic British press, that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine causes autism and "autistic enterocolitis. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Perhaps it is the fall of Andy Wakefield that has led to an apparent resurgence of the concept that mercury in TCVs somehow causes autism, after having faded into the background after the CDC and AAP recommended that thimerosal be removed from all childhood vaccines in 1999 and the last TCV having expired towards the end of 2001. (sciencebasedmedicine.org)
  • Courts Rule Vaccines Containing MMR and Thimerosal Caused Autism and Brain Damage! (x10host.com)
  • There have been concerns in the past about thimerosal (mercury) containing vaccinations for the possible allergic response and falsely identified link to autism. (nxtbook.com)
  • Additionally, research does not show any link between thimerosal in vaccines and autism. (nxtbook.com)
  • Many well conducted studies have concluded that thimerosal in vaccines does not contribute to the development of autism. (nxtbook.com)
  • Even after thimerosal was removed from almost all childhood vaccines, autism rates continued to increase, which is the opposite of what would be expected if thimerosal caused autism. (nxtbook.com)
  • McCain was responding to a question from the mother of a boy with autism, who asked about a recent story that the U.S. Court of Federal Claims and the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program had issued a judgment in favor of an unnamed child whose family claimed regressive encephalopathy and symptoms of autism were caused by thimerosal. (scienceblogs.com)
  • In elevating the pseudoscience of the antivaccinationists to the same level of the multiple studies that show no link between thimerosal and autism, McCain has at the very minimum fallen for the fallacy that there are two scientific sides to this issue when there are not and at the maximum has fallen for the now discredited idea that mercury in vaccines is responsible for an " autism epidemic . (scienceblogs.com)
  • those showing positive association between thimerosal exposure and autism have been recognised to be fraught with methodological flaws. (ijbcp.com)
  • This review presents various studies regarding the causal association between thimerosal containing vaccines and autism. (ijbcp.com)
  • Geier DA, Hooker BS, Kern JK, King PG, Sykes LK, Geier MR. A two-phase study evaluating the relationship between Thimerosal-containing vaccine administration and the risk for an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in the United States. (ijbcp.com)
  • Schultz ST. Does thimerosal or other mercury exposure increase the risk for autism? (ijbcp.com)
  • Of course, thimerosal wasn't even in most childhood vaccines anymore by 2006, the year Doubleday increased the value of the prize to $75,000, and thimerosal at the doses contained even when thimerosal exposure due to vaccines was at its height doesn't cause autism or other neurological or neurodevelopmental disorders . (scienceblogs.com)
  • By 2003, the vaccine manufacturers had begun to react to the 1999 call by lowering the mercury content in many of the Thimerosal-preserved early childhood vaccines. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • Significantly, if you put the amount of mercury added to the immunization schedule as a result of the CDC-recommended seasonal and (in 2009) H1N1 flu shots** on one side of a scale, and the amount of mercury that was subtracted from that schedule by reformulating early childhood vaccines without Thimerosal on the other side, the total amount of mercury added far outweighs the amount of mercury subtracted. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • Ball LK, Ball R, Pratt RD. An assessment of thimerosal use in childhood vaccines. (ijbcp.com)
  • The multi-dose versions of some trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines can contain up to 25 micrograms of mercury per dose from thiomersal. (wikipedia.org)
  • During this time period, pregnant women who received both shots were typically exposed to 50 micrograms of mercury via thimerosal. (theepochtimes.com)
  • Nonetheless, most seasonal and H1N1 flu shots for pregnant women and young children contain 25 micrograms of mercury in the form of Thimerosal. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • This article summarizes the differences between methylmercury and ethylmercury and the scientific studies on the alleged association between thimerosal and neurodevelopmental outcomes. (immunizationinfo.org)
  • It is 49.6% mercury by weight and the structure of thimerosal is metabolized into ethylmercury and thiosalicylate. (bad-drug.net)
  • Subsequent studies have proven that the ethylmercury in thimerosal is actually far more persistent in organs than the methylmercury in fish. (theepochtimes.com)
  • A statement issued by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the US Public Health Service in 1999 prompted the removal of thimerosal from many vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
  • As part of this effort, in July 1999, the U.S. Public Health Service (US PHS) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued a joint statement formally requesting that manufacturers eliminate or reduce the amount of thimerosal (a mercury-containing compound) in vaccines. (immunizationinfo.org)
  • Nevertheless, before data were available on risks of thimerosal in vaccines, in 1999 the American Academy of Pediatrics and the US Public Health Service recommended moving toward removing thimerosal use in preservatives as a precautionary measure. (aap.org)
  • However, in July 1999, the Public Health Service agencies, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and vaccine manufacturers agreed that thimerosal should be reduced or eliminated in vaccines as a precautionary measure. (unt.edu)
  • After "realizing" the amount of mercury in the childhood vaccination schedule recommended by the CDC exceeded all national and global maximum safety limits, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Public Health Service called for the immediate removal of Thimerosal from all vaccines on July 7, 1999. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • In 1999, AAP issued a joint statement emphasising the removal of thimerosal from vaccines. (ijbcp.com)
  • Data from many studies show no evidence of harm caused by the low doses of thimerosal in vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • Poisson regression analysis was used to model the association between the prevalence of outcomes and organic Hg doses from Thimerosal-containing vaccines. (springer.com)
  • There is no convincing scientific evidence of harm caused by the low doses of thimerosal in vaccines, except for minor reactions like redness and swelling at the injection site. (unt.edu)
  • Most doses of these flu vaccines are Thimerosal-preserved. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • Title : Understanding thimerosal, mercury, and vaccine safety Corporate Authors(s) : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);American Academy of Pediatrics. (cdc.gov)
  • At the Minamata Convention on Mercury in 2013 thiomersal was excluded from the treaty. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, thimerosal has been exempted from regulation by Minamata Convention on Mercury resulting in the continued use of low cost thimerosal containing vaccines in low income countries which cannot afford to run their immunisation program using single dose thimerosal free vaccines, that comparatively cost much higher, as is the case in high income countries. (ijbcp.com)
  • Thimerosal as discrimination: vaccine disparity in the UN Minamata Convention on mercury. (ijbcp.com)
  • Thiomersal features mercury(II) with a coordination number 2, i.e. two ligands are attached to Hg, the thiolate and the ethyl group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thimerosal is initially metabolized into ethyl-Hg compounds and thiosalicylate and rapidly binds onto thiol groups found on many proteins in human blood [ 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • Thimerosal is a derivative of ethyl mercury . (thevaccinemom.com)
  • After feeding the rats the mercury concentrations daily, the study found that the ethyl mercury, the mercury found in thimerosal, to be less neurotoxic than the methyl mercury. (thevaccinemom.com)
  • Thimerosal is 49.6% ethyl mercury! (x10host.com)
  • Thimerosal: Let the Science Speak: the Evidence Supporting the Immediate Removal of Mercury? (booksamillion.com)
  • My book, Thimerosal: Let the Science Speak, details over 400 studies on the toxic effects of thimerosal. (theepochtimes.com)
  • 2007). Vaccine safety datalink team: Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes at 7 to 10 years. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thimerosal exposure has previously also been associated with birth defects , tics , speech and language delays (in more than one study ), among many other developmental disorders. (theepochtimes.com)
  • Some have accused thimerosal of causing developmental disorders in children, but scientific evidence doesn't support this. (factcheck.org)
  • Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association. (ijbcp.com)
  • In 2008, an ecological birth cohort assessment of Thimerosal exposure in infants and neurodevelopment disorders within the computerized medical records of the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) database was undertaken [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
  • Due to the concern that infants may lack the ability to eliminate the mercury in vaccines, a study conducted at the University of Rochester and National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, MD looked at the levels of mercury in the blood and other samples from infants who had received routine vaccinations containing thimerosal. (thevaccinemom.com)
  • Astoundingly, the total level of mercury exposure, if a child receives all the possible CDC-recommended vaccinations that are still Thimerosal preserved, from 6 months to 18 years of age, has actually increased. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • Do vaccinations still contain thimerosal/mercury? (nxtbook.com)
  • Thimerosal is currently used only in multidose vials of influenza vaccine, and exposure through vaccines is not associated with adverse neurologic outcomes. (aafp.org)
  • Flu vaccines in multi-dose vials contain thimerosal to safeguard against contamination of the vial. (cdc.gov)
  • When this happens, we need some way to prevent bacterial contamination and thiomersal is one such antibacterial. (theconversation.com)
  • The multidose formulation of the vaccine contains thimerosal, which prevents contamination. (factcheck.org)
  • the World Health Organization reported no evidence of toxicity from thiomersal in vaccines and no reason on safety grounds to change to more expensive single-dose administration. (wikipedia.org)
  • With that declaration, and a subsequent one by Eli Lilly staff that Thimerosal has a low order of toxicity for man, even though it killed small animals, Thimerosal was introduced into the drug supply. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • Unlike other preservatives at the time, such as phenol and cresol, thiomersal does not reduce the potency of the vaccines that it protects. (wikipedia.org)
  • The idea that thimerosal, aluminum, monosodium glutamate, or any of other preservatives used in these vaccines is safe is absolutely ludicrous. (unhypnotize.com)
  • The Eli Lilly Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Thimerosal acknowledges that exposure to Thimerosal in utero and in children can cause "mild to severe mental retardation and mild to severe gross motor impairment. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • The doctor overseeing the trial, on stipend from Eli Lilly, declared that the patients had all died of meningitis and that Thimerosal was not observed to have caused any problem when administered to his patients. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • There have been reports of people being allergic to thimerosal. (bad-drug.net)
  • Allergic reactions to thimerosal have been described in the clinical setting. (thevaccinemom.com)
  • However, when an allergic reaction is seen in the clinical setting, it's nearly impossible to tell whether the reaction was due to the thimerosal or to another component of the vaccine. (thevaccinemom.com)
  • Most Australian vaccines don't contain thiomersal because we don't use multi-use vials as much as other countries. (theconversation.com)
  • There are some vaccines that still contain thimerosal including afluria, fluvirin, flulaval, and fluzone multi-dose vials, fluvirin single dose, and meningococcal (menactra). (nxtbook.com)
  • Nobody should dispute the importance of vaccines, global immunization policies or the difficulty faced by those in charge of implementing such policies involving pediatric Thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs). (aap.org)
  • The number one precaution of thimerosal is hypersensitivity. (bad-drug.net)
  • 20 Egg allergy, hypersensitivity to thimerosal. (faqs.org)
  • Thimerosal is an organic compound and a derivative of thiosalicyclic acid. (fishersci.com)
  • 6 As stated before, the thimerosal component in vaccines currently is 0.01%, ten-fold lower than the concentration used in this study. (thevaccinemom.com)
  • Bacteriostatics such as thiomersal are not needed in single-dose injectables. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two vaccines (a TD and the single-dose version of the trivalent influenza vaccine Fluvirin) that may contain a trace of thiomersal from steps in manufacture, but less than 1 microgram of mercury per dose. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in April of 2002, the CDC began recommending that pregnant women and very young children get annual Thimerosal-preserved flu shots. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • Exposures to organic Hg from all Thimerosal-containing vaccines were calculated by birth cohort for specific exposure windows from birth to 7 months and birth to 13 months of age. (springer.com)
  • Thimerosal, CAS # 54-64-8, is a sulfhydryl (thiol) oxidizing reagent with antibacterial and antifungal activities that is used to protect components from chemical change or microbial action. (fishersci.com)
  • Thimerosal is one of the most notorious vaccine ingredients, but it isn't the only one that consumers need to be concerned about. (bigpharmanews.com)
  • While thimerosal has been phased out of many vaccines due to massive public health concerns, many harmful ingredients are still present in vaccines. (bigpharmanews.com)
  • The mercury ingredients are abbreviated as TM for thimerosal, PMA for phenylmercuric acetate, PMN for phenylmercuric nitrate, MA for mercuric acetate, MN for mercuric nitrate, MB for merbromin, and MOY for mercuric oxide yellow. (fda.gov)
  • The most common adverse effects of thimerosal is redness and swelling at the site of the injection. (bad-drug.net)
  • One study published in 1931 involved the injection of a 1% thimerosal solution into subjects, with no reported side effects except for 2 cases of skin sloughing. (thevaccinemom.com)
  • Thimerosal is a poison, neurotoxin, cancer-causer, and can interrupt the immune system and the normal development of an unborn baby or a child. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • Thiomersal is an established antiseptic and antifungal agent which is derived from a organomercury compound. (bad-drug.net)
  • With only the thimerosal vaccine now available, one has to wonder if potency was ever an issue at all or if the recall was merely an attempt to leave the plebs with only one option. (unhypnotize.com)
  • The United Nations Environment Program backed away from an earlier proposal of putting thiomersal on the list of banned vaccine compounds as part of its campaign to reduce mercury exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yet, despite warnings in the published scientific literature that Thimerosal was toxic, and despite opposition to its use in every decade since, Thimerosal has remained in the drug supply. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • A hypothesis testing case-control study evaluated automated medical records in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) for organic Hg exposure from Thimerosal in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-containing vaccines administered at specific times within the first 15 months of life among subjects diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) ( n = 534) in comparison to controls. (springer.com)
  • However, over the past several years, thimerosal has become a target for controversy due to its mercury concentration and concern for safety. (thevaccinemom.com)
  • Thimerosal has never undergone even one modern safety test. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • Vaccine Safety & Availability - Thimerosal and Vaccines. (nxtbook.com)
  • The generally accepted biologically non-plausible linkage between Thimerosal exposure and subsequent diagnosis of febrile seizure ( n = 5886) was examined as a control outcome. (springer.com)
  • Routine childhood vaccination is an important public health tool to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases, but the present study provides new epidemiological evidence of a significant relationship between increasing organic Hg exposure from Thimerosal-containing vaccines and the subsequent risk of PDD diagnosis in males and females. (springer.com)
  • After the animals died from exposure to Thimerosal, the decision was made to administer it to 22 patients suffering from bacterial meningitis during an epidemic in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1929. (mercuryfreebaby.org)
  • In those years, out of approximately 150 million flu shots given in the U.S. annually, less than 50 million or 34 percent of those vaccines available for pregnant women were thimerosal-free. (theepochtimes.com)
  • According to Randall, Schuchat goes on to say that thimerosal has proven safe in different studies even though some parents are leery of it. (unhypnotize.com)
  • Some people believe increased exposure to thimerosal (from the addition of important new vaccines recommended for children) explains the higher prevalence in recent years. (unt.edu)
  • Lie #3 "Thimerosal is well-tested, having been used for 70 years with no problems. (mercuryfreebaby.org)