AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaGeographicals
DysenteryShigellaDysentery, BacillaryShigella flexneriShigella sonneiShigella dysenteriaeDysentery, AmebicShigella boydiiBrachyspira hyodysenteriaeShigella VaccinesTreponemal InfectionsSpirochaetales InfectionsArsanilic AcidSwine DiseasesTreponemaSpirochaetaCoronavirus, BovineEntamoeba histolyticaDiarrheaBurundiSpirochaetaceaeFecesRonidazoleCarbadoxYugoslaviaSwineLincomycinO AntigensBangladeshBacterial ProteinsVirulenceBrachyspiraGerm-Free LifeTrichuriasisShiga ToxinsGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsIntestine, LargeColonSchools, NurseryKeratoconjunctivitisCecumEntamoebiasisEscherichia coliAntigens, BacterialSerotypingAmdinocillin PivoxilSalmonellaLiver Abscess, AmebicNalidixic AcidAnti-Bacterial AgentsDNA, BacterialVirulence FactorsLupinus
SalmonellaBacillaryCampylobacterSonneiFlexneriSpeciesShigellosisOrganismsInfectionsBacteriumIsolatesTyphoid feverColiAcuteBacteriaDiarrheaInfectionDiarrhoea and dysenteryInfectiousAntimicrobial-resistantExtensively drug resistantEpidemicFecesStrainsAntibioticsAntibiotic therapyDrug ResistanceBacteremiaResistanceAmoebicShigaBloodyOutbreakGenusSusceptibleStoolAntibacterialVaccineBowelFluids and electrolytesHumansSusceptibilityRehydrationApproximatelyRadiation therapySuggests
Salmonella15
Bacillary7
Campylobacter3
  • Covariates associated with death in multivariable logistic regression were the detection of any of Campylobacter/Shigella/enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (odds ratio [OR] 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-6.17), severe acute malnutrition (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.79-10.5), and antibiotic therapy (OR 8.82, 95% CI 2.03-38.2). (chop.edu)
  • There was no significant association between bloody stools and death, and the effect of Campylobacter/Shigella/enterotoxigenic E. coli infection on death was not modified by the presence of bloody stools. (chop.edu)
  • Enterocyte invasion is the preferred method by which microbes such as Shigella and Campylobacter organisms and enteroinvasive E coli cause destruction and inflammatory diarrhea. (medscape.com)
Sonnei7
  • In December 2014, PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease, detected a multistate cluster of Shigella sonnei infections with an uncommon pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. (cdc.gov)
  • Although diarrhea caused by S. sonnei typically resolves without treatment, patients with mild illness often are treated with antimicrobial medications because they can reduce the duration of symptoms and shedding of shigellae in feces ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Global population structure and genotyping framework for genomic surveillance of the major dysentery pathogen, Shigella sonnei. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Shigella sonnei is the most common agent of shigellosis in high-income countries, and causes a significant disease burden in low- and middle-income countries. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Shigella dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei . (who.int)
  • We describe the first reported case of Shigella sonnei bacteraemia and intestinal coinfection with Clostridioides difficile in a cystic fibrosis patient. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Nayyar C , Thakur P , Tak V , Singh A . Shigella sonnei Sepsis in an Infant: A Case Report. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Flexneri3
Species9
  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) may occur due to infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli or Shigella species. (wikipedia.org)
  • No natural food products harbor endogenous Shigella species, but a wide variety of foods may be contaminated. (medscape.com)
  • Shigella species. (medscape.com)
  • Shigella phages isolated during a dysentery outbreak reveal uncommon structures and broad species diversity. (medscape.com)
  • Shigella is one of the major pathogens that causes diarrheal diseases in humans and animals.1,2 Since the first highly toxigenic species, Shigella dysenteriae, was isolated in 1898,3 four species has been described in Shigella genus, and each subgroup can be divided into multiple subtypes according to biochemical and serological properties. (researchsquare.com)
  • Lower bleeding rates are lower than average menstrual irregularity is common, and microbial factors pathogenic bacteria and reduction of local inflammation and recurrent disease, and radiation therapy ethanol toxins nausea and vomiting requires more skill to process bilirubin and lfts all others wnl cxr reveals a solitary functional kidney above comments to ace is, and streptococcus species. (gec-group.com)
  • 2003) with no antibacterial activity observed with the aqueous extract tested against E. coli , S. aureus , S. typhi or Shigella species (Leelarasamee et al . (scialert.net)
  • Dr. Huynh says, "Shigella is a species of bacteria known to cause diarrhea worldwide. (koin.com)
  • Shigella species are invasive human pathogens that cause acute rectocolitis by triggering a dysregulated inflammatory reaction in the colonic and rectal mucosa. (elsevierpure.com)
Shigellosis6
  • Because only about 2% of shigellae isolated in the United States are resistant to fluoroquinolones ( 4 ), ciprofloxacin is the first-line treatment for adults with shigellosis and is recommended as an empiric treatment for adult international travelers with diarrhea ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial therapy is the most effective way to fight shigellosis, so various kinds of drugs are widely used. (researchsquare.com)
  • Guidelines for the control of shigellosis, including epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1 [cited 2010 Mar 10]. (blogspot.com)
  • For example, antibiotics are necessary for dysentery and cholera cases caused by shigellosis spp. (myhealth.gov.my)
  • Shigellae are pathogenic bacteria that cause the disease shigellosis. (dal.ca)
  • We explore the susceptibility of intestinal flora-depleted mice to shigellosis after intragastric infection with Shigella strains. (elsevierpure.com)
Organisms4
  • Shigella organisms are a group of gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • We found the orally bioavailable prodrug (Tebipenem pivoxil) had ideal pharmacokinetic properties for treating enteric pathogens and was effective in clearing the gut of infecting organisms when administered to Shigella-infected mice and gnotobiotic piglets. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The isolation, incidence and sensitivity of Shigella organisms. (blogspot.com)
  • 2 The infectious dose of Shigella can be as low as 10 organisms, 3 thus facilitating the rapid spread of the organism during outbreaks. (who.int)
Infections12
  • A newly discovered receptor in a strain of Escherichia coli can be blocked to avert infection, a finding that might aid in developing better therapies to treat bacterial infections resulting in food poisoning, diarrhea or plague. (sciencedaily.com)
  • New therapies are important because treating some bacterial infections with conventional antibiotics can cause the release of more toxins and may worsen disease outcome. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Other less common causes include ischemia of the gut, infections, radiation therapy and colon cancer or polyps. (gi.org)
  • These results demonstrate that if antibiotic therapy had been indicated for infections with Sh. (nih.gov)
  • The repurposing of Tebipenem pivoxil as alternative therapy for severe gastrointestinal infections caused by extensively drug resistant Shigella spp. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions: Our data highlight the emerging antimicrobial resistance crisis and shows that Tebipenem pivoxil (licenced for paediatric respiratory tract infections in Japan) should be accelerated into human trials and could be repurposed as an effective treatment for severe diarrhoea caused by MDR Shigella and other enteric pathogens in LMICs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Infections with complications require combination therapy with rifampin, tetracycline, and an aminoglycosid e. (docshare.tips)
  • Treatment is supportive and directed at symptoms, but some parasitic and some bacterial infections require specific anti-infective therapy. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Unfortunately, most children with these infections do not have bloody stools, and bloody dysentery was not found to be associated with worse outcomes. (chop.edu)
  • The number of Shigella infections throughout the world annually has been estimated at more than 160 million cases, with more than 1 million deaths. (who.int)
  • CDC CDC Recommendations for Managing and Reporting Shigella Infections [Internet]. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 2.HIV infections - therapy. (bvsalud.org)
Bacterium2
  • filtration of this culture through a porcelain candle yielded a bacteria - free filtrate which, when added in very small quantities to a young culture of Shigella shigae produced clearing and lysis of the bacterium after incubation for several hours. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The bacterium Shigella causes bacterial dysentery in developing countries and represents a persistent burden to healthcare systems due to an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains and lack of a vaccine strategy. (dal.ca)
Isolates1
Typhoid fever2
  • The Melbourne-based scientists' work covers a broad range of research areas, including effective treatment to target cancerous stem cells, studying malaria parasites, genetic changes that cause severe inflammatory diseases, infectious microbes that cause typhoid fever and dysentery and tissue-resistant memory T cells. (melbournebiomed.com)
  • Bacterial illnesses such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, typhoid fever, meningitis, and dysentery are some of the most devastating worldwide. (cshlpress.com)
Coli3
Acute4
Bacteria4
  • Note that the exterior of the Shigella bacteria is fimbriated, covered by numerous thin, hair-like projections, imparting a furry appearance. (medscape.com)
  • Overuse of antibiotics has led bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics, so a novel type of therapy is needed," Dr. Sperandio said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Additional in vitro screening demonstrated that Tebipenem had activity against a wide range of other non-Shigella enteric bacteria. (ox.ac.uk)
  • D'Herelle was able to show that this lysed culture possessed a similar lytic property towards a fresh culture and he was able to carry the effect through more than fifty successive transfers, he thought the effect was caused by "an invisible microbe that is antagonistic to the dysentery bacillus and suggested that this was a minute parasite of the bacteria propagating and multiplying at the expense of the bacterial cells. (alliedacademies.org)
Diarrhea3
  • Shigella causes an estimated 500,000 cases of diarrhea in the United States annually ( 1 ) and is transmitted easily from person to person and through contaminated food and recreational water. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, the Shigella enterotoxin genes set1A, set1B ( ShET-1 ), sen ( SHET-2 ) and Shiga toxin gene stx were also reported to be responsible for initial watery diarrhea. (researchsquare.com)
  • The sudden onset of severe diarrhea with frequent bowel movements and mucus (or blood) in stool is characteristic of dysentery. (oh-mygut.com)
Infection5
  • Shigella infection is a major public health problem in developing countries where sanitation is poor. (medscape.com)
  • Low risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome after early effective antimicrobial therapy for Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in Bangladesh. (medscape.com)
  • Identification and management of Shigella infection in children with diarrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (medscape.com)
  • Concerning a serum therapy for experimental infection with Diplococcus intracellularis. (historyofmedicine.com)
  • andrographolide (AND) have been reported to be effective in the treatment of dysentery, diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract infection (Gupta et al . (scialert.net)
Diarrhoea and dysentery2
  • Routine diagnostic data represent cases with chronic diarrhoea and dysentery since doctors are most likely to submit specimens for these cases. (tendenzesg.it)
  • Over the next two weeks, more than 300 cases of diarrhoea and dysentery were recorded at the health centre in close proximity to the camp. (who.int)
Infectious1
  • She wants to harness these cells to create new therapies for infectious disease, cancer and autoimmune diseases. (melbournebiomed.com)
Antimicrobial-resistant2
  • The widespread distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Shigella has become a recurrent challenge in many parts of the developing world. (researchsquare.com)
  • Methods: Aiming to identify alternative antimicrobial chemicals with activity against antimicrobial resistant Shigella, we initiated a collaborative academia-industry drug discovery project, applying high throughput phenotypic screening across broad chemical diversity and followed a lead compound through in vitro and in vivo characterisation. (ox.ac.uk)
Extensively drug resistant1
  • On Feb. 24, 2023, the Center for Disease Control released an official health advisory stating that currently, 5% of Shigella cases are extensively drug-resistant. (koin.com)
Epidemic2
  • Deaths from epidemic Shigella spp. (cdc.gov)
  • It was discovered in 1896 by Kiyoshi Shiga, a scientist who was investigating a large epidemic of dysentery in Japan. (koin.com)
Feces2
Strains2
  • Endocarditis due to enterococcal strains usually respond to intravenous therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Mice given 5 g/L streptomycin as a beverage were infected intragastrically with 1 × 10 8 cfu of either invasive or noninvasive Shigella strains. (elsevierpure.com)
Antibiotics2
  • The reason Shigella is in the news right now is because it's becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, and that could be a huge problem for future generations. (koin.com)
  • However, in severe cases, such as when it spreads to the blood (called bacteremia), severe colonic disease with obstruction/perforation of the colon, metabolic disturbances such as low sodium, neurologic disease manifestations such as seizures, blood disorders, etc., antibiotics are the main treatment therapy. (koin.com)
Antibiotic therapy4
  • 9. Christopher PR, David KV, John SM, Sankarapandian V. Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery. (blogspot.com)
  • Several factors must be considered prior to antibiotic therapy in patients with diarrhoea. (myhealth.gov.my)
  • Despite antibiotic therapy, volume replacement therapy and vasoactive drugs, the patient showed biventricular dysfunction and multiple organ failure requiring implantation of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • After adjustment of the antibiotic therapy to vancomycin, meropenem, amikacin and metronidazole and continuing with ECMO and IABP support for 8 days, the patient improved and was finally discharged after 44 days. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Drug Resistance3
  • The highest rates of antimicrobial drug resistance of all Shigella spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Annotated bibliography on drug resistance of Shigella / editor-in-chief, Khaleda Haider. (who.int)
  • He offers his expert insight on what Shigella is, why drug resistance is such a concern and what you can do to stay safe. (koin.com)
Bacteremia1
Resistance3
  • However, resistance to the oral antimicrobial medications ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is common among shigellae in the United States, and resistance to fluorquinolones is increasing among shigellae globally ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Since 1983 the incidence of resistance to ampicillin in Shigella dysenteriae, Sh. (nih.gov)
  • The rapid emergence of resistance against existing antimicrobials in Shigella spp. (ox.ac.uk)
Amoebic2
  • Entamoeba Histolytica (amoebic dysentery). (oh-mygut.com)
  • A good argument in favour of this theory is the fact that amoebic dysentery has not spread in France in spite of the continuous arrival of patients who are carriers and transmitters of cysts. (asnom.org)
Shiga2
  • Shigella were discovered over 100 years ago by a Japanese microbiologist named Shiga, for whom the genus is named. (medscape.com)
  • Antibody therapy in the management of shiga toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. (medscape.com)
Bloody1
  • consequently, current recommendations advocate against routine antibacterial therapy if children present without bloody stools. (chop.edu)
Outbreak1
  • Laboratory analysis at two independent institutions established that the outbreak was caused by Shigella sp. (who.int)
Genus1
  • Shigella was adopted as a genus in the 1950s. (medscape.com)
Susceptible1
  • These compounds included the oral carbapenem Tebipenem, which was found to be highly potent against broadly susceptible Shigella and contemporary MDR variants for which we perform detailed pre-clinical testing. (ox.ac.uk)
Stool1
  • Dysentery is the passage of blood and/or mucus in your stool. (oh-mygut.com)
Antibacterial1
  • Results: We identified several known antimicrobial compound classes with antibacterial activity against Shigella. (ox.ac.uk)
Vaccine1
  • The authors also describe novel vaccine strategies and antimicrobial approaches (e.g., phage therapy or biofilm disruption), as well as the use of probiotics to benefit human health. (cshlpress.com)
Bowel1
Fluids and electrolytes1
  • Management generally consists of supportive therapy (fluids and electrolytes). (lecturio.com)
Humans2
  • Previous studies indicate that the host of Shigella has expanded from humans to animals. (researchsquare.com)
  • Amoebiasis is a parasitic disease that affects humans alone and which, especially in its most typical form, is a dysentery. (asnom.org)
Susceptibility1
  • Therapy may be instituted prior to obtaining results of susceptibility testing. (nih.gov)
Rehydration2
  • Oral Rehydration Oral fluid therapy is effective, safe, convenient, and inexpensive compared with IV therapy. (merckmanuals.com)
  • [3] Primary treatment includes rehydration and replacing lost salts ( oral rehydration therapy ). (wikipedia.org)
Approximately2
  • Approximately half the Shigella spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Ventricles, csf spaces, and placement o pressure ulcers a systematic review of the north american society of clinical signs of systemic therapy resulting in midbrain dys unction, although approximately o patients with multiple risk factors, and lifestyle modifications. (gec-group.com)
Radiation therapy1
Suggests1
  • It also suggests that dysentery rarely relapses if an infected child has received a full course of treatment with 1 of these drugs and the causative pathogen is sensitive to the drug. (cdc.gov)