The CCN protein family includes the following six proteins: CCN1: CYR61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61) CCN2: CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) CCN3: NOV (nephroblastoma overexpressed) CCN4: WISP1 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1) CCN5: WISP2 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein-2) CCN6: WISP3 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein-3) Jun JI, Lau LF (December 2011). (wikipedia.org)
In this review, we discuss about the significance of glioblastoma stem cells in cancer progression through Wnt signaling pathway and highlight the clinical targets being potentially considered for therapy in glioblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Wnt signaling pathway is mediated by Wnt family of 19 secreted glycoproteins (bearing22 or 24 cysteine residues) which are essential for cell proliferation, embryonic development, cell polarity, and tissue homeostasis [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor1
GSCs are implicated for recurrence due to resistance to therapy, thereby allowing cell renewal and tumor re-initiation, while physically, GSCs are difficult to target because of their presence in the perivascular space [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The acronym CCN is derived from the first three members of the family discovered, namely CYR61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61 or CCN1), CTGF (connective tissue growth factor or CCN2), and NOV (nephroblastoma overexpressed or CCN3). (wikipedia.org)
Together with three Wnt-induced secreted proteins, they comprise the CCN family of matricellular proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Members of the CCN protein family are characterized by having four conserved cysteine-rich domains, which include the insulin-like growth factor-binding domain (IGFBP), the Von Willebrand factor type C domain (VWC), the thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR), and a C-terminal domain (CT) with a cysteine knot motif. (wikipedia.org)
Cell2
CCN proteins likely constitute a hub for the coordination of cell signaling and communication. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, both proteins were jointly detectable in most CCA cell lines and showed nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling in a cell density-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Connective tissue3
The acronym CCN is derived from the first three members of the family discovered, namely CYR61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61 or CCN1), CTGF (connective tissue growth factor or CCN2), and NOV (nephroblastoma overexpressed or CCN3). (wikipedia.org)
The CCN protein family includes the following six proteins: CCN1: CYR61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61) CCN2: CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) CCN3: NOV (nephroblastoma overexpressed) CCN4: WISP1 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1) CCN5: WISP2 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein-2) CCN6: WISP3 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein-3) Jun JI, Lau LF (December 2011). (wikipedia.org)
We also discuss three secreted molecules (Rspo2, Fgf18, and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf)) that we recently identified in the Wnt/β-catenin and fibroblast growth factors (FGF) signaling pathways. (nih.gov)
CCN21
Interestingly, NOV/CCN3, a founder member of the family of matricellular proteins called CCN (CYR61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2, NOV/CCN3), has been involved in the regulation of cytokines, chemokines and MMP in several cell systems and therefore represents an attractive candidate for this role. (biomedcentral.com)
CCN11
These proteins have now been renamed CCN1-6 by international consensus. (wikipedia.org)
Gene1
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor required for the expression of several liver-specific genes. (cancerindex.org)
Diagnostic3
[ 10 ] In view of this capacity for 'transdifferentiation' between different mesenchymal cell lineages and possibly even epithelial cells, [ 11 ] the key issue is not necessarily where fibrogenic cells arise from, but rather whether they express target molecules such as receptors or cytokines (see below) in sufficient concentrations in vivo to merit their targeting by diagnostic agents or antifibrotic compounds. (medscape.com)
Therefore, developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers to enhance the overall survival of patients with cervical cancer is the need of the hour. (spandidos-publications.com)
miRNAs are the key therapeutic targets in addition to their prognostic and diagnostic value. (intechopen.com)
Abnormal2
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
The abnormal expression of follistatin‑like protein 1 (FSTL1) in various tumors is a crucial regulator of the biological process of tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Molecules2
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
The clinical challenge of chronic pain relief led to the identification of molecules such as cytokines, chemokines and more recently matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as putative therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Factor3
Members of the CCN protein family are characterized by having four conserved cysteine-rich domains, which include the insulin-like growth factor-binding domain (IGFBP), the Von Willebrand factor type C domain (VWC), the thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR), and a C-terminal domain (CT) with a cysteine knot motif. (wikipedia.org)
C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related proteins (CTRPs), a newly discovered adipokine family with conservative structure and wide distribution, has attracted increasing attention. (bvsalud.org)
ID1, inhibitor of DNA binding, are up-regulated as a rapid response after 2 h with a factor 3.8 and RPS2, ribosomal protein S2 , is down-regulated to nearly 50 % after 24 hours. (ijpsr.com)
Metabolic1
Taken together, the information presented here provides new perspectives for therapeutic strategies to improve inflammatory and metabolic abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)
Regulation1
This study identifies NOV as a new actor against inflammatory pain through regulation of MMPs thus uncovering NOV as an attractive candidate for therapeutic improvement in pain relief. (biomedcentral.com)
Liver1
A ) As a result of liver injury, quiescent vitamin-A-rich hepatic stellate cells undergo 'activation' towards proliferative, fibrogenic and contractile myofibroblasts. (medscape.com)
Receptors1
We first discuss the signaling pathway comprised of neural agrin and its receptors, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) and muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK). (nih.gov)
Transcription2
We previously determined the role of ORFV129 protein, one of the five ankyrin-repeat proteins coded by the orf genome, in suppressing the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1ß and IFN-γ. (bvsalud.org)
They interact normally with DNA binding proteins under heterodimer formation and are considered as negative regulators of transcription. (ijpsr.com)
Expression2
Moreover, knocking down lincRNA-p21 could elevate the expression of Yes associated protein (YAP), the core effector of Hippo signaling, by elevating mRNA levels and increasing its nucleus translocation instead of the canonical Hippo pathway. (oncotarget.com)
The mRNA expression of NOV and pro-inflammatory factors were measured with real-time quantitative PCR, CCL2 protein expression was assessed using ELISA, MMP-2 and -9 activities using zymography. (biomedcentral.com)
Potential1
Collectively, these data suggest that lincRNA-p21 could serve as a potential biomarker and a vital therapeutic target in gastric cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Role1
Due to their dynamic role within the ECM they are considered matricellular proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Therapy1
These biomarkers may not only improve the early diagnosis and prognosis, but also may serve as molecular targets for gastric cancer therapy. (oncotarget.com)