Therapeutic macrophages antigen presenting cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

2 The interaction of IVIG with a large number of components of the immune system including Fc receptors, complement molecules, cytokines, B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, may explain at least in part their anti-inflammatory effects. (academie-medecine.fr)
Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
Single cell RNA sequencing revealed a unique expression profile in immune cells in the skin of baricitinib plus CsA treated mice, including decreased inflammatory neutrophils and increased CCR2- macrophages. (bvsalud.org)
Tumor cell-derived spondin 2 (SPON2) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that has complicated roles in recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils during inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
1 Granulocytes are the most abundant myeloid cell in the blood, and can further be divided into eosinophils , basophils , and neutrophils. (beckman.com)
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are pathologically activated neutrophils or monocytes that are absent in healthy individuals, but appear in patients with cancer and conditions associated with chronic inflammation or stress. (beckman.com)
The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and are the first responders to infection. (alliedacademies.org)
Attracts neutrophils and macrophages. (alleviatenow.in)
Kligman and others believed that neutrophils were the first immune cells involved in the follicular inflammation, and for many years neutrophils along with the pathogen Propionibacterium acnes ( P. acnes ) were regarded as the fundamental instigators of the inflammation in acne [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] More recent research refines our understanding of the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris and suggests a more complex pathophysiology than previously suspected. (escholarship.org)
As noted, Kligman and subsequent researchers suggest that neutrophils are the first immune cells in acne lesions [ 1 , 2 ]. (escholarship.org)
Whether neutrophils or lymphocytes are first at the lesion site, evidence suggests that both immune cells are involved in the immunopathophysiology of acne. (escholarship.org)
CD 11a/CD 18 are found on neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, while VLA-4 is found on monocytes and lymphocytes. (medscape.com)

Monocytes and macrophages not only phagocytose pathogens but also act as antigen-presenting cells. (alliedacademies.org)
Antigen Presenting Cells (APc's - dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages) are the key to provoking a robust adaptive immune response. (shu.edu)
CD40 is a 48 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is expressed on a wide range of hematopoietic (B cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells) and non-hematopoietic (activated epithelium, endothelium) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, CD40+ monocytes, dendritic cells, and B cells are enriched at sites of chronic inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)

The recombinant protein, named PA2024, consists of prostatic acid phosphatase (a prostatic antigen) fused to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (an immune-cell activator). (urotoday.com)
thereafter, antigen-presenting cells are harvested ex vivo, exposed to prostatic acid phosphatase fused to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and infused back into the patient [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Les IgIV intéragissent avec de nombreux composants du système immunitaire comme les récepteurs Fc, le complément, les cytokines, les lymphocytes T et B, les cellules dendritiques, les granulocytes et les cellules NK, ce qui explique en partie leurs effets anti-inflammatoires. (academie-medecine.fr)
Current data suggest that Neisseria gonorrhoeae is able to suppress the protective immune response at different levels, such as B and T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. (unab.cl)
MHC-I and MHC-II proteins are key components of the antigen presentation machinery responsible for neoantigen presentation to CD8 + and CD4 + T lymphocytes, respectively. (portlandpress.com)
Lymphocytes, particularly T cells, play a crucial role in cellmediated immunity. (alliedacademies.org)
This triggers an immune response by activating lymphocytes and recruiting other immune cells to the site of infection. (alliedacademies.org)
A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member that is expressed on activated antigen-presenting cells such as B-LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES. (bvsalud.org)
their biopsies demonstrate T lymphocytes to be the predominant cells in early inflammatory lesions [ 5 ]. (escholarship.org)
Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity has a significant impact on both the immune microenvironment and the infiltration of various immune cells within tumors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ( 5 ), myeloid antigen-presenting cells ( 6 ) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) expressed on lymphocytes is known to play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking (adhesion to vascular endothelium), as well as interactions to antigen presenting cells (APC). (medscape.com)
Lymphocytes, B and T cells, can respond selectively to thousands of non-self materials. (lu.se)

Their discovery, published online in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , shows that administering nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a natural molecule found in all living cells, shuts off the capacity of dendritic cells and macrophages to dictate CD4+ T fate. (eurekalert.org)
This work preceded more recent studies illustrating the how B cells transfer autoantigens to other antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages. (yale.edu)

FcRn expressed in endosomal compartment of intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium and macrophages regulates the serum IgG levels by binding to the pinocytosed antibodies and recirculating them to cell surface without intracellular degradation. (academie-medecine.fr)

Of importance, both pathways require antigen presenting cells (APCs) in particular dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages (Mφ). (eurekalert.org)
Herein we demonstrate that GC drives type I IFN production and IFN responses in antigen presenting cells (APCs) and has superior potency compared to its corresponding chitosan. (biorxiv.org)

Thus, blockade of activating FcγR inhibits binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes. (academie-medecine.fr)
In conditions such as like ITP that is autoantibody-mediated, IVIG Fc fragmentmediated competitive blockade of activating FcγR might inhibit: binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes [1, 12]. (academie-medecine.fr)
Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
These signals are also relevant to the subsequent activation of homeostatic mechanisms that control the immune response in pro- or anti-inflammatory reactions, a feature that allows modulation by therapeutic treatments. (frontiersin.org)
More importantly, GC drives alternative activation of STING leading to inflammatory cell death that enhances dendritic cell (DC) activation, which triggers a variety of nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and IL-1β production. (biorxiv.org)
However, those authors did confirm the presence of inflammatory cells accumulating in the adventitia of monocrotaline-treated/pneumonectomised rats. (ersjournals.com)
Resting macrophages function in the absence of any inflammatory stimuli and their primary role is to remove cellular debris such as apoptotic cells from the body. (shu.edu)
The involvement of CD40 in chronic immune activation has resulted in CD40 being proposed as a therapeutic target for a range of chronic inflammatory diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Disruption of this signaling pathway has the potential to reduce production of proinflammatory cytokines, reduce T helper cell function, and inhibit macrophage activation, making it a very attractive therapeutic target for patients with chronic inflammatory disease [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The inflammatory process which results in acne lesions is complex, involving interactions among multiple cell types and many soluble mediators. (escholarship.org)
Eady and Cove have suggested that increased permeability of the follicular wall secondary to the release of the proinflammatory and cell-differentiating cytokine interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) may be all that is necessary to initiate the intradermal inflammatory process that characterizes inflammatory lesions [ 4 ]. (escholarship.org)
The first human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype association with human inflammatory disease was discovered in 1972, correlating HLA-B27 with ankylosing spondylitis. (medscape.com)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

As a proof of concept, we prepared GM3-targeted liposomes containing a long synthetic ovalbumin peptide and tested the capacity of these liposomes to induce CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses compared to control liposomes or soluble peptide. (uu.nl)
The immune system is constituted by a very complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that through soluble factors and direct cell-to-cell contacts interact among themselves and with cells belonging to other (organ) systems. (frontiersin.org)
In tumors, there are all types of immune cells that can have various effects on tumor progression, and a spectrum of soluble cytokines and chemokines that regulates the entry of different types of infiltrating immune cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Cytokines are soluble, antigen-nonspecific signaling proteins that bind to cell surface receptors on a variety of cells. (alleviatenow.in)
Soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP) triggers release of cytokine IL-10 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both healthy and infected individuals [ 505 ], and the IL-10 then suppresses lymphoproliferative responses to SWAP by 90-100% [ 504 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)

matory response, IL-10 has been shown to inhibit macrophage and Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in T lymphocyte cytokine synthesis and MHC class II and B7 ex- which to study the delayed type hypersensitivity response to persistent pression. (cdc.gov)

According to the current view, damage-associated molecules released by infected or injured cells, or secreted by innate immune cells generate danger signals activating an immune response. (frontiersin.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
2] Ultimately, the interaction between gliadin peptides and HLA molecules activates intestinal T cells. (helpforibs.com)
They found that the particles, which have no electric charge or surface molecules that would attract the attention of circulating immune cells, were able to enter the mice's lymph nodes. (shu.edu)
When molecules for signaling killer T cells were put inside the nanoparticles, they hindered tumor growth far better than existing vaccines. (shu.edu)
Class I MHC molecules include HLA-A, HLA-B, or HLA-C and serve as the antigen-presenting platform for CD8 or suppressor T cells. (medscape.com)
Class I molecules are present on all nucleated cells. (medscape.com)
Class II MHC molecules, the HLA-D region, serve as the antigen-presenting cells for CD4 or helper T cells. (medscape.com)
Class I and class II molecules allow antigen presentation to the specific T-cell receptor via a specific structural groove in its tertiary structure. (medscape.com)
Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
Deficiencies are highly variable with regard to symptoms, phenotype, genotype, severity, etc, because many cells and molecules are required for both natural and adaptive immunity . (lu.se)

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are effective immunosuppressants in autoimmune diseases and graft versus host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
Both patients had consistent infectious pneumonia and graft-versus-host disease after stem cell transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)

This 1997 example article describes targeting EGFR and other cell products and attaching their antigens to the CD64 receptor cells also using GM-CSF to grow more cells. (wikipedia.org)
Several types of ACT round out the immunotherapy arsenal, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, T-cell receptor (TCR) therapy, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. (aacr.org)
Inhibition of chemokine receptor 4, the receptor for the stem cell mobiliser stromal-derived factor-1, significantly prevented and reversed hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in neonatal mice [ 13 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Comparative functional multiomics showed that blood proteins induce distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional programs in microglia and macrophages, such as redox, type I interferon and lymphocyte recruitment. (nature.com)
We report a blood-induced microglia gene network and show that blood proteins elicit distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional changes and signaling programs in innate immune cells. (nature.com)
Normally, after activation through T-cell receptor, calcineurin dephosphorylates a 'nuclear factor of activated T-cells' (NFAT) which translocates to the nucleus and triggers transcription of cytokine genes resulting in production of IL-2 and other cytokines. (alleviatenow.in)
IL-2 diffuses out and acts on IL-2 receptor to stimulate T-cell proliferation and other processes, carrying forward the immune response. (alleviatenow.in)
Dendritic cells are considered professional APC's, and macrophages are also recognized as being important in this regard because of their role in innate immunity through T oll Like Receptor functioning . (shu.edu)
The functions carried out by macrophages are modulated by their degree of stimulation by exogenous mediators, such as microorganism-derived Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, or endogenous activators, including cytokines and chemokines. (shu.edu)
Although the function of medullary macrophages in T cell immunity has been unexplored so far, these macrophages effectively cross-primed the vaccine-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist as an adjuvant. (shu.edu)
Axl receptor tyrosine kinase critically involves in the carcinogenesis of multiple cancers due to its dual roles in both promoting cancer invasion and metastasis and suppressing myeloid cell activation and function. (oncotarget.com)

In vivo, we analyzed the effect of macrophage depletion on concordant and discordant islet xenograft survival to assess in which combination this strategy can be used as therapeutic tool. (unige.ch)
We assessed how variation in the amount of GM3, surface-attached PEG and liposomal size affected the binding to, and uptake by, CD169+ macrophages in vitro and in vivo. (uu.nl)
3 Functionally, sipuleucel-T consists of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (including antigen-presenting cells) which are activated ex vivo with a recombinant fusion protein to target prostate cancer. (urotoday.com)
Lapuleucel-T is an investigational active immunotherapy product consisting of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including antigen presenting cells, which are cultured ex vivo with BA7072, a recombinant fusion antigen consisting of portions of the intracellular and extracellular regions of HER-2/neu linked to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. (wikipedia.org)
In vivo, a T-cell-mediated immune response against prostate cancer cells expressing prostatic acid phosphatase is induced [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
The nanogel-based vaccine significantly inhibited in vivo tumor growth in the prophylactic and therapeutic settings, compared to another vaccine formulation using a conventional delivery system, incomplete Freund's adjuvant. (shu.edu)
Immunoradiometric assays show that host erythrocyte antigen is lost from adult worm tegument with a half-life of up to 45 hours in vitro and ~5 days in vivo [ 493 ]. (nanomedicine.com)

CD4+ T helper cells and dendritic cells play a central role in immunity. (eurekalert.org)
Collectively, our study unravels a novel cellular and molecular pathway that regulates innate and adaptive immunity via MCs, exclusively, and underscores the therapeutic potential of NAD+ in the context of a myriad of diseases including autoimmune diseases, hemophilia, primary immunodeficiencies and antimicrobial resistance," said Elkhal. (eurekalert.org)
After Day 1's introductory and educational sessions-many of which also focused on immunotherapy- Day 2 's opening plenary session kicked off with talks about potential next generation checkpoint immunotherapies, a dendritic cell-based vaccine that was able to enhance existing immunity as well as generate new responses in patients with ovarian cancer, and a promising personalized neoantigen vaccine that is being evaluated in multiple phase I clinical trials. (cancerresearch.org)
In the present review, we describe and discuss the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF)-EMF and pulsed EMF on cell signals and factors relevant to the activation of danger signals and innate immunity cells. (frontiersin.org)
However, this finding has triggered further interest in utilising tumour-specific MHC-II to harness sustained anti-tumour immunity through the activation of CD4 + T helper cells. (portlandpress.com)
Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that act as the link between innate and adaptive immunity. (beckman.com)
To discover the molecular programs controlling microglial and macrophage polarization by blood proteins, we developed an unbiased blood-innate immunity multiomic and genetic loss-of-function pipeline consisting of deep sequencing of blood-induced transcriptomes, functional single-cell and oxidative stress transcriptomics, global phosphoproteomics and integration with innate immune signatures from AD and MS models (Extended Data Fig. 1 ). (nature.com)
Additionally, white blood cells play a crucial role in adaptive immunity. (alliedacademies.org)
The HLA system is genetically encoded in humans by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is found on chromosome 6, and plays a determining role in immunity and in self-recognition in virtually all cells and tissues, with the exception of erythrocytes. (medscape.com)

Moreover, optimized GM3-mediated liposomal targeting to CD169+ macrophages induces potent immune responses and therefore presents as an interesting delivery strategy for cancer vaccination. (uu.nl)
Induces proliferation of antigen-primed T cells. (alleviatenow.in)
Engagement of CD40 by CD40L expressed on T cells results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, induces T helper cell function, and promotes macrophage activation. (biomedcentral.com)
More importantly, we show that Axl inhibition induces an adaptive immune resistance evidenced by unregulated PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and combined Axl inhibition with PD-1 blockade mounts a potent synergistic antitumor efficacy leading to tumor eradication. (oncotarget.com)

IL-2, a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of antigen-primed (helper) T cells, which subsequently produce more IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. (alleviatenow.in)
Self and foreign antigen interact between macrophage antigen presenting cell (APC) and T-helper cell in the immune response. (alleviatenow.in)
It turns out that macrophages deep in lymph nodes are much better than circulating and tissue macrophages at presenting antigens to T-helper cells, and subsequently activating robust cytotoxic T-cell responses and humoral responses. (shu.edu)

Cancer vaccine effectiveness could be enhanced by targeting vaccine antigens to antigen-presenting cells, thereby increasing T-cell activation. (uu.nl)
Sipuleucel-T is an autologous active cellular immunotherapy, a subtype of therapeutic cancer vaccine. (urotoday.com)
Neuvenge, Lapuleucel-T (APC 8024), is a therapeutic cancer vaccine (TCV) in development (clinical trial) by Dendreon (DNDN). (wikipedia.org)
The idea of harnessing the antigen presenting cells (APC)'s to recognize cancer and target tumor cells for apoptosis (cell death) by the CD8 (cytotoxic cells) is a common approach to cancer vaccine researchers. (wikipedia.org)
Involves using: Primary care surgery radiation Adjuvant care hormone deprevation for those cancers effected by sex steroids chemotherapy therapeutic vaccine therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Consider how cancer vaccines are usually delivered - intradermally with an adjuvant to attract macrophages and dendritic cells to the vaccine. (shu.edu)
Because existing therapeutic cancer vaccines provide only a limited clinical benefit, a different vaccination strategy is necessary to improve vaccine efficacy. (shu.edu)
We developed a nanoparticulate cancer vaccine by encapsulating a synthetic long peptide antigen within an immunologically inert nanoparticulate hydrogel (nanogel) of cholesteryl pullulan (CHP). (shu.edu)
We also revealed that lymph node macrophages were highly responsive to TLR stimulation, which may underlie the potency of the macrophage-oriented, nanogel-based vaccine. (shu.edu)
These results indicate that targeting medullary macrophages using the immunologically stealth nanoparticulate delivery system is an effective vaccine strategy. (shu.edu)

IFNγ responses are characteristically driven by IL-12 secretion from myeloid cells. (nih.gov)
2014) Ontogeny of myeloid cells. (beckman.com)
2017) Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. (beckman.com)
2021) Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity. (beckman.com)
2020) Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer. (beckman.com)

As of today, two major pathways have been described to regulate CD4+ T cell response. (eurekalert.org)
Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)

In this study, we incorporated a physiological ligand for CD169, the ganglioside GM3, into liposomes to enhance liposome uptake by CD169+ macrophages. (uu.nl)
It has been demonstrated that size of the nanoparticle plays an active role in immunological response and toxicity upon cellular uptake by macrophages and dendritic cells(Manolova et al. (freedissertation.com)

SIRPγ (CD172g) may play a regulatory role in T cell-T cell interactions and may induce apoptosis through CD47. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cell-cell interactions between antigen presenting cells and T cells provide bidirectional signaling that is critical for the activation, maturation, and effector function of both cell types. (biomedcentral.com)

Our data provide an interactive resource for investigation of the immunology of blood proteins that could support therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals. (nature.com)

Nearly overshadowed by the lung cancer news in that morning's press briefing was a breakthrough that involved the creation of ready-made, "universal" CAR T cells derived from stem cells, which could conceivably be given safely to any patient without manufacturing downtime seen with current, personalized CAR T therapies. (cancerresearch.org)
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role during metastasis, but the dynamic behavior and induction mechanisms of CSCs are not well understood. (nature.com)
At the apex of the hierarchy are the cancer stem cells (CSCs). (nature.com)
In mammary gland development, Notch-dependent heterotypic signaling between resident tissue macrophages and mammary stem cells supports survival and function of the normal mammary stem cell 20 . (nature.com)
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types (Figure 1 ), including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are a diverse group of cells that are derived from stem cells in the bone marrow. (alliedacademies.org)
Stem cells are not only widely used for regenerative medicine, but are also considered as a useful tool for cancer treatment. (bmrat.org)
For a long time, stem cells have been utilized to renew the immune system for radiation or chemo- therapy treated patients. (bmrat.org)
Recently, stem cells are being engineered to carry therapeutic reagents to target tumor sites. (bmrat.org)
Cancer vaccines based on the knowledge of cancer stem cells have been studied and applied for cancer treatment. (bmrat.org)
In- duced pluripotent stem cells have been used to create active T cells to support cancer immunotherapy. (bmrat.org)
Those are due to the unique characteristics of stem cells, such as immunological tolerance, migration, and tissue reparation. (bmrat.org)
This re- view discusses stem cell applications in transplantation, stem cell-based carriers, induced-pluripotent stem cells, can- cer stem cells, and potential of stem cells engineering to revolutionize cancer treatment. (bmrat.org)
Our bodies contain a pool of stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into any other cell type in the body. (bmrat.org)
Organs and tissues are built up by specialized cells from the pool of stem cells that form shortly after fertilization. (bmrat.org)
Stem cells continue to play a role in repairing damaged tissue and replacing cells that are lost every day. (bmrat.org)
Stem cells are widely defined by two main characteristics: the ability to self-renew (divide in a way that reproduces more identical stem cells) and to differentiate (to turn stem cells into specialized cells that form different organs and tissues). (bmrat.org)
There are many different kinds of stem cells that exist for different periods of an animal lifetime. (bmrat.org)
For example, embryonic stem cells exist only at the earliest stage of embryo and adult stem cells appear during fetal development and are retained throughout life. (bmrat.org)
Embryonic stem cells were first identified in mice (Martin, 1981). (bmrat.org)
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able to produce all cell types in the body. (bmrat.org)
Recently, scientists have discovered how to reprogram normal cells to behave like embryonic stem cells. (bmrat.org)
This is done by re-activating critical genes that define embryonic stem cells to make adult stem cells to revert to an embryonic-like state of pluripotency. (bmrat.org)
These cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (bmrat.org)
Adult stem cells were firstly isolated from bone marrow in mice (Spangrude, Heimfeld, and Weissman, 1988) and later in humans. (bmrat.org)
Leukocytes are produced in stem cells in bone marrow. (lu.se)

The Molecular Mycology Unit is continuing to investigate this fungal infection, especially the mechanisms that enable the fungus to survive inside phagocytic cells like macrophages. (pasteur.fr)
Compared with B. pseudomallei isolates having typical bimA alleles, isolates that contain the B. mallei -like variation demonstrate increased persistence in phagocytic cells and increased virulence with rapid systemic dissemination and replication within multiple tissues, including the brain and spinal cord, in an experimental model. (cdc.gov)

Alterations or aberrant dendritic cells and T cell responses can lead to many health conditions including autoimmune diseases, infections, allergy, primary immunodeficiencies and cancer. (eurekalert.org)
Beyond the impressive clinical breakthroughs, Day 3 also highlighted how checkpoint immunotherapies affect immune cell memory, how CD40-targeting immunotherapies and radiation complement checkpoint immunotherapy through independent mechanisms, and how targeting metabolic factors in the tumor microenvironment might be able to improve immune responses against tumors. (cancerresearch.org)
To generate beneficial responses, the immune system should eradicate pathogens while "respecting" the organism and tolerating irrelevant antigens. (frontiersin.org)
By discussing the EMF modulating effects on cell functions, we envisage the use of EMF as a therapeutic agent to regulate immune responses associated with wound healing. (frontiersin.org)
Noteworthy, in recent years the possibility to use EMF exposure to modulate immune cell responses has been proposed and debated ( 6 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
neoantigens that elicit T-cell responses are identified as immunogenic. (aacr.org)
Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), the interacting ligand for PD-1, widely expressed in many cell types, acts as a tissue-specific negative regulator of pathogenic T-cell responses. (diabetesjournals.org)
From the frontlines of infection to the orchestration of complex immune responses, these remarkable cells tirelessly defend our bodies against invading pathogens. (alliedacademies.org)
By blocking the negative immune regulatory signals mediated by PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, these drugs remove the inhibition of T-cell activation and effector function and vigorously restore antitumor immune responses [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)

They are expressed on endothelial cells and bind to the integrins CD 11a/CD 18 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1) and VLA-4, respectively. (medscape.com)
We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. (cdc.gov)
bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN- , and TNF- , and on T lymphocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
Our data demonstrate that beryllium-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage cells produce IL-10, and the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 does not increase significantly cytokine production, HLA expression, or T lymphocyte pro- liferation. (cdc.gov)
however, we measured no change in T lymphocyte proliferation or in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DP. (cdc.gov)

type 1 innate lymphoid cells. (nih.gov)
Blood protein extravasation through a disrupted blood-brain barrier and innate immune activation are hallmarks of neurological diseases and emerging therapeutic targets. (nature.com)
However, how blood proteins polarize innate immune cells remains largely unknown. (nature.com)
Innate immune cells integrate environmental signals to rapidly activate target genes and perform specialized cellular functions 5 . (nature.com)
However, how microglia integrate extracellular signals at sites of cerebrovascular damage and the specificity of blood proteins controlling innate immune cell polarization in disease remain poorly understood. (nature.com)

In addition, quantification of objects in tissue sections, i.e. mitotic cells or immunohistochemically positive cells, are analyzed more objectively using automated image analysis algorithms. (fu-berlin.de)
Similarly, CD34+ cells can be identified in human scar tissue, suggesting that these cells may contribute to tissue remodelling and repair [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)

These studies have now been applied to the development of novel therapeutic approaches in developing anti-tumor vaccines in breast cancer and colon cancer. (yale.edu)
As we continue to unravel the mysteries of the immune system, white blood cells remain at the forefront, offering promising avenues for research and the development of novel therapeutic interventions. (alliedacademies.org)

Macrophage depletion prolongs dis. (unige.ch)
Antibiotic-mediated depletion of the microbiota inhibited IL-12/23p40 production by ileal macrophages. (nih.gov)
Blocking M2 polarization and Macrophage depletion inhibited the SPON2-induced tumors growth and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)

SIRPγ (CD172g) binds to CD47 (integrin-associated protein/IAP) that is widely expressed on most hematopoietic cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and many tumor cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
In immunocompromised populations, such as patients with AIDS and recipients of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants, BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can reactivate and cause several diseases, which can lead to death in their severe forms. (biomedcentral.com)
Herein, we report two cases of BKPyV-associated pneumonia following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
CD40 is a 48 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is constitutively expressed on hematopoietic cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. (biomedcentral.com)

These strategies include antibody - coated liposomes which are specifically bound to antigen - presenting target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody bound to worm tegumental antigen causes shedding of the bound complex in ~20 minutes at 37 o C [ 503 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Some bacteria also shed bound antigen-antibody immune complexes [ 1737 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
ALCL was recognized in 1985, when tumor cells consistently demonstrated labeling by the monoclonal antibody Ki-1, a marker later shown to recognize the CD30 antigen. (medscape.com)
Patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency II manifest the Bombay phenotype (ie, negative for O and H blood group antigens with potential production of anti-H antibody). (medscape.com)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)
3) T cell deficiencies result usually in combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs), where both T cells and antibody production are defective. (lu.se)

DNDN is also using ACI technology Active cellular immunotherapy "This is a therapeutic platform using the patient's own cells to simulate an immune response. (wikipedia.org)

The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro the predominance of direct or indirect presentation by depleting antigen-presenting cells in concordant and discordant xenogeneic combinations. (unige.ch)
In vitro migration assays, transendothelial migration assays (iTEM), and cell adhesion assays were used to investigate the effects of SPON2 on monocyte/macrophage migration. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequent in vitro studies have demonstrated that antigens from P. acnes can stimulate the development of subclasses of T cells [ 6 ]. (escholarship.org)

The release of proinflammatory cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma) by activated T cells could determine the damage to the enterocyte, increased proliferation in the intestinal crypts, and, finally, severe damage to the intestinal mucosa architecture. (helpforibs.com)
By contrast, macrophages activated by exposure to TLR agonists, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), show alterations in several aspects of phagosome physiology. (shu.edu)
Gen-Probe RNA test, interferon-gamma assay, urine-based antigen test). (cdc.gov)

Fucoidan-coated copper sulfide nanoparticles (F-CuS) act not only as a nanocarrier to enhance the intracellular delivery of fucoidan but also as a photothermal agent to effectively ablate different cancer cells (e.g. (oncotarget.com)
C. Haberzettl suggests that early simple therapeutic nanorobots might incorporate an "onion-skin" design, with separate concentric layers serving distinct purposes (e.g., organ targeting, cytopenetration, intracellular transport, etc.) and being sloughed off or absorbed in sequence, as their specific purpose is completed. (nanomedicine.com)

CSCs display the slow-migratory, invadopod-rich phenotype that is the hallmark of disseminating tumor cells. (nature.com)
Macrophages are emerging as major cellular factors in the tumor ecosystem that can influence the stem phenotype and cancer progression. (nature.com)
Furthermore, macrophages were shown to contribute to a niche that can support and maintain a breast CSC (BCSC) phenotype through heterotypic CD90/EphA4 signaling between macrophage and tumor cell 14 . (nature.com)
Moreover, functional results showed that N. gonorrhoeae-treated MΦ are unable to induce proliferation of human T-cells, suggesting a more likely regulatory phenotype. (unab.cl)
However, how tumor cells affect TAM accumulation and their pro-tumoral phenotype in invasive CRC has not yet been well established. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies by F rid and co-workers [ 9 - 11 ] in the chronically hypoxic neonatal calf and in rats have shown that a proportion of the adventitial cells of pulmonary hypertensive animals are of a blood-derived fibrocyte phenotype. (ersjournals.com)
However, rather than actively modifying the environment, multiple mechanisms guide the evolution of tumor cells through the selection of subclones with the most adaptive phenotype by environmental factors ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

and T-cell proliferation, adoptive transfer, and islet transplantation were performed to evaluate the PD-L1 transgene-mediated immune-protective mechanisms. (diabetesjournals.org)

The present review analyses the potential therapeutic properties of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum and their applications in human health care. (ijpsr.com)
SPON2 may be a valuable biomarker guiding the use of macrophage-targeting strategies and a potential therapeutic target in advanced CRC. (biomedcentral.com)

Mechanistic investigation defined that Axl inhibition reprograms the immunological microenvironment leading to the increased proliferation, activation and effector function of tumor-infiltrating CD4 + and CD8 + T cells possibly through preferential accumulation and activation of CD103 + cross-presenting dendritic cells. (oncotarget.com)

they target tumor cells through the phagocytosis or endocytosis of NPs, and therefore, they are suitable for the delivery of chemotherapeutics in cancer treatment [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
2008). The high aspect ratio will lead to frustrated phagocytosis by the macrophage which has the potential to result in inflammation(Manolova et al. (freedissertation.com)

The size of the plasma pool ensures the vast diversity of IgG repertoire in IVIG that interacts with a large number of self-antigens, in addition to pathogens and external antigens [2]. (academie-medecine.fr)
Perturbing agents, such as toxic compounds ( 1 ), ionizing radiation ( 2 ), and some pathogens ( 3 ) can compromise the integrity of the immune system as they damage immune cells and/or irreversibly alter some immune functions. (frontiersin.org)
Once they detect an infection, they migrate to the affected site and transform into macrophages, devouring pathogens and debris. (alliedacademies.org)
White blood cells exhibit a wide range of defence mechanisms to protect the body against invading pathogens. (alliedacademies.org)
B cells, on the other hand, produce antibodies that bind to specific pathogens, marking them for destruction by other components of the immune system. (alliedacademies.org)
They capture antigens from the pathogens they encounter and display them on their cell surface. (alliedacademies.org)
Without functional white blood cells, our bodies would be vulnerable to a wide range of pathogens, leading to severe illnesses and even death. (alliedacademies.org)

MHC class II was expressed on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) within the ileum at steady state but was absent from the IECs of germ-free mice. (nih.gov)
Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity are entities that have shown an increase in incidence, making them a topic of interest to provide innovative therapeutic approaches and improve intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
microbiota intestinal, en especial con el uso de Lactobacilli y Bifidobacterium spp. (bvsalud.org)

Patients with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) less than 5 or greater than 50 ng/mL, those with ECOG performance score greater than 2, visceral metastases, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and use of systemic steroids within 28 days prior to enrollment were excluded. (urotoday.com)

The data indicate that the delivery of liposomes to splenic CD169+ macrophages can be optimized by the selection of liposomal constituents and liposomal size. (uu.nl)
We can conclude that lyophilization of the liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin lead to marked stability for the liposomes when stored at 5°C. Moreover, the use of low energy diode laser for targeting anticancer drug to the tumor cells through the use of photosensitive sterically stabilized liposomes loaded with doxorubicin is a promising method. (biomedcentral.com)

At the same time, it "ignores" microorganisms and/or antigens that do not represent a danger for the host. (frontiersin.org)
T cell immunodeficiencies and severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are marked with opportunistic infections caused by common environmental microorganisms. (lu.se)

Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) have discovered a new cellular and molecular pathway that regulates CD4+ T cell response--a finding that may lead to new ways to treat diseases that result from alterations in these cells. (eurekalert.org)
Low shear stress up-regulates expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), while increased shear stress can lead to increased gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). (medscape.com)

Ongoing research investigates mechanisms invoked by cancer cells to abrogate MHC-I expression and attenuate anti-tumour CD8 + cytotoxic T cell response. (portlandpress.com)

Since the natural products show an efficient anti-cancer effect without imposing any toxicity on normal cells, they are promising as an alternative to chemical drugs [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Some antigens may have the same epitope, so antibodies are able to detect more than one antigen with the same epitope and interact with them. (biologyonline.com)
It has been discovered that the genetic structure of tumor cells and the components of the immune microenvironment interact with each other. (spandidos-publications.com)

The present report is focused on gonococcus evasion mechanism on macrophages (MΦ) and its impact in the subsequent immune response. (unab.cl)
Understanding the different types and functions of white blood cells helps us appreciate the intricacies of our immune system and highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy immune response. (alliedacademies.org)
Hypersensitivity is the exaggerated immune response to protect the human from foreign bodies known as antigens . (biologyonline.com)
This heterogeneity can vary greatly between different types of immune cells, leading to further complexity in understanding the immune response to tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)

Then, we evaluated cytokine profile and M1/ M2 specific-surface markers on MΦ challenged with N. gonorrhoeae and their proliferative effect on T cells. (unab.cl)

HNRNPC was proven to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of H295R and SW13 cells through MTT and Transwell assays. (aging-us.com)

In breast cancers from patients, the density of TMEM doorways correlates with the proportion of cancer cells expressing stem cell markers, indicating that in human breast cancer TMEM doorways are not only cancer cell intravasation portals but also CSC programming sites. (nature.com)
Rosenberg is beginning to develop a library of TCRs that can recognize shared mutations in the hope of utilizing them for TCR T-cell therapy for patients across a variety of tumor types, especially those with common epithelial cancers. (aacr.org)
It is the largest randomized clinical trial to have been conducted, including 844 advanced-stage HIV patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis. (pasteur.fr)
The unit is also involved in the design and development of an innovative antigen diagnostic approach based on a quantitative PCR method that will facilitate diagnosis and monitoring of patients receiving treatment for cryptococcal meningitis. (pasteur.fr)
In this regard, ICB targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 have produced an unprecedented clinical benefit in cancer patients and been approved by Food and Drug Administration for treating melanoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma with a rapidly growing list of indication [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)

This group of genes code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances. (medscape.com)

Most macrophages have the tendency to polarize into an M2-like state in tumors with advanced stages [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This treatment utilizes a patient's own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. (aacr.org)
To improve this therapeutic strategy, Rosenberg and colleagues developed a method to identify the exact antigens that the T cells could recognize. (aacr.org)
They recognize infected cells and destroy them, preventing the replication and spread of the pathogen. (alliedacademies.org)

Antigens are detected by T cells or antibodies by recognizing epitopes on the surface of the antigen. (biologyonline.com)
This level of proteolysis is similar to that observed in dendritic cells, therefore, the implication is that this switch may enhance the half-life of epitopes and thereby maximize the antigen sampling and presenting capacity of activated macrophages. (shu.edu)

We have reviewed currently available therapeutic agents that have been shown to be effective in suppressing the proliferation of the EBOV in cell cultures or animal studies. (biomedcentral.com)
We of both mitogen- and Ag-induced accessory cell-dependent T lym- phocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy21

Organisms9

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes19

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Neutrophils13

Monocytes4

Fused to granulocyte-macrop2

Lymphocytes10

Dendritic cells and macrophages2

Endothelium1

APCs2

Inflammatory14

Soluble6

Inhibit macrophage1

Molecules12

Graft-versus-2

Receptor11

Vivo8

Immunity9

Induces4

Helper3

Vaccine10

Myeloid5

Pathways2

Uptake2

Interactions2

Immunology1

Stem cells26

Phagocytic2

Responses9

Lymphocyte5

Innate5

Tissue2

Development of novel therapeutic2

Depletion3

Hematopoietic4

Antibody7

Immunotherapy1

Vitro3

Interferon-gamma3

Intracellular2

Phenotype7

Adoptive transfer1

Potential therapeutic2

Effector1

Phagocytosis2

Pathogens7

Intestinal3

Serum1

Liposomes2

Microorganisms2

Regulates2

Cytotoxic T ce1

Toxicity1

Interact2

Immune response4

Cytokine1

Assays1

Patients5

Proteins1

Tumors1

Recognize3

Epitopes2

Proliferation2