Therapeutic genetically identical clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Researchers reported in Nature on November 22, 2007, that they successfully isolated 2 embryonic stem cell lines from cloned embryos made using cells from the skin of an adult rhesus macaque. (nih.gov)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
Stem cell technologies have been dogged by controversy because of objections over the morality of sacrificing human embryos to produce the first human embryonic stem cell lines. (schlich.co.uk)
When a fertilised egg separates into two or more embryos with almost identical DNA, these twins are created. (geminigenetics.com)
Citizens disagree about whether we should destroy human embryos for their stem cells-and if so, which embryos, with whose money, under what regulatory guidelines. (eppc.org)
The holy grail of regenerative medicine-whatever one's ethical beliefs about destroying embryos-is to "reprogram" regular cells from one's own body so that individuals can be the source of their own rejection-proof therapies. (eppc.org)
That is to say, we risk turning developed cells into developing embryos, and thus risk engaging in the very activities of embryo destruction and human cloning that we seek to avoid. (eppc.org)
Far more controversial-and for good reason-are stem cells derived from destroyed human embryos. (eppc.org)
In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, the efficiency for nuclear transfer is between 0-10%, i.e., 0-10 live births after transfer of 100 cloned embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic cloning involves separating the cells of an embryo to create several identical embryos. (twig-usa.com)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
Can biotechnology firms claim genetically modified, or GM, human embryos as intellectual property rights? (wnd.com)
Action by various states, nations and international organizations was spurred by the November announcement by Massachusetts-based Advanced Cell Technology that it had successfully cloned human embryos. (wnd.com)
Scientists want to make cloned human embryos to get embryonic stem cells, which live inside early embryos and have the potential to cure a wide array of diseases. (irfi.org)
First, while stem-cell experimentation could involve the creation of embryos with the express purpose of destroying them, this is not the only means available for obtaining embryos. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
Thus, there is broad halakhic (Jewish legal) agreement that stem cell research is permitted on "excess" embryos. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
Most (but not all) authorities would forbid the creation of embryos with the express purpose of killing them in the pursuit of stem cell research. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
The controversy over stem cell research is focused specifically on the use of stem cells taken from embryos. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
Similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), hpSCs are pluripotent cells that can be reproduced into any type of cell within the human body without using or destroying the viable human embryos. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Outline example of cloning animal embryos via natural and artificial embryo splitting. (biologyforlife.com)
3.5.A4 Production of clones embryos produced by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
Outline the production of embryos via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)

In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
The blastocyst can then be transferred to a recipient (h) and cloned animals are born after completion of gestation (i). (biomedcentral.com)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
In the first 4 - 5 days after fertilization, the early-stage embryo (or blastocyst) is comprised of about 150 cells, within which there is a region called the Inner Cell Mass containing the stem cells. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
This method grants us the ability to generate a grand population of cloned mice, and each of them would be originated from the same and sole inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (atlasofscience.org)
Most researchers obtain embryonic stem cells from the inner mass of a blastocyst, an embryonic stage when a fertilized egg has divided into 128 cells. (jcpa.org)
The stem cells derived from the inner mass of a blastocyst lack the ability to form a fetus when implanted into a woman, but are self-renewing and can be maintained for long periods of time in the laboratory as undifferentiated stem cells. (jcpa.org)

These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
SCNT refers to a process that entails transferring somatic cells of an existing organism into the oocyte where the nucleus came from (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 1). (premiumessays.net)
A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)
This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
Organism cloning (also called reproductive cloning) refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. (wisdomanswer.com)
Cloning or clone reproduction is an in vitro process of obtaining multiple copies of the same organism using molecular biological and genetic engineering techniques. (wisdomanswer.com)
Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. (absoluteastronomy.com)
a piece of organism or cell breaks and the piece grows again like a clone of the parent. (sd43.bc.ca)
Spore Formation: single cell that grows and changes to a different organism. (sd43.bc.ca)
Cloning, Organism" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cloning, Organism" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cloning, Organism" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Cloning, Organism" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
However, cloning need not only be used to create a whole organism. (msdmanuals.com)
Whether a cell used for a clone produces a specific type of tissue, a specific organ, or an entire organism depends on the potential of the cell-that is, how highly the cell has developed into a particular type of tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
For example, certain cells called stem cells have the potential to produce a wide variety of tissue types or even possibly an entire organism. (msdmanuals.com)

Asexual reproduction is a natural method used by certain plants, bacteria, and single-celled creatures to create genetically identical offspring, i.e. clones. (geminigenetics.com)
Cloning occurs naturally in asexual reproduction in plants and animals, and in human reproduction when genetically identical twins are produced. (twig-usa.com)
Clones are genetically identical and occur naturally in asexual reproduction in bacteria and in plants. (twig-usa.com)
Plant cloning, such as the use of plant tissue culture techniques, is an asexual reproduction of plants to produce duplicates from one plant specimen. (wisdomanswer.com)
Is cloning asexual reproduction? (wisdomanswer.com)
Clones are cells that have come from asexual reproduction or a parent cell. (wisdomanswer.com)
What's the difference between Clone reproduction and asexual reproduction? (wisdomanswer.com)
The key difference between asexual reproduction and clone reproduction is the setting of the process. (wisdomanswer.com)

Article 11 of UNESCO's Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights asserts that the reproductive cloning of human beings is contrary to human dignity, that a potential life represented by the embryo is destroyed when embryonic cells are used, and there is a significant likelihood that cloned individuals would be biologically damaged, due to the inherent unreliability of cloning technology. (wikipedia.org)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
The first ever meeting of the Committee on an International Convention Against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings last week hosted national delegates and experts from Syria, Chile, Israel, Spain and the United States, among others. (wnd.com)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
And again, this variability was dynamic: the differences diminished over time, with gene activity in both the low- and high-Sca-1 cells becoming more like that in the middle group. (sciencedaily.com)
Together, the findings make the case that a slow fluctuation or cycling of gene activity tends to maintain cells in a stable state, while also priming them to differentiate when conditions are right. (sciencedaily.com)
On e of the wardens protecting these animals in Chillingham Cattle Park, Denene Crossley, states how "being isolated, they've managed to essentially purify their gene pool, to the point where they're natural clones of each other. (geminigenetics.com)
Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)
Gene cloning refers to the identification and duplication of a single gene or a DNA segment, for the intention of investigating its function or creating a particular protein. (geminigenetics.com)
In recent years, scientists have proposed bringing back the woolly mammoth by using a mix of gene editing and cloning. (wgnradio.com)
On the other hand, in germline gene therapy , the egg and sperm cells of the parents are altered to be passed on to their offspring. (biotechfront.com)
Gene cloning, also known as DNA cloning, is a very different process from reproductive and therapeutic cloning. (wisdomanswer.com)
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina say the reason of all these problems may be one specific gene, which is responsible for controlling the way in which cells grow. (irfi.org)
When this gene is not working properly, cells can grow in an uncontrolled way to cause cancer tumors to develop. (irfi.org)
Even the world's most famous sheep clone, Dolly, who died recently suffered from problems linked to this gene. (irfi.org)
Dr John Parrington, a cloning expert at University College London, pointed out that more than one gene behaved in a way that might cause problems in a growing cloned human embryo. (irfi.org)
Unlike induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs), hPSCs do not manipulate the gene expression process back to a less differentiated stage, thereby avoiding the regulatory, ethical and safety obstacles. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Harris Lewin, Professor, Department of evolution and ecology, University of California at Davis, and its scientists published work on the implications of cloning for gene expression in the journal proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2016. (scienews.com)
The extra gene (transgene) is present in every cell in the transgenic cow. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
The gene construct is then introduced into female bovine (cow) cells by transfection. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
RayBiotech's GMP-certified custom protein production encompasses every step of production from gene cloning through protein purification, and includes downstream characterization and quality control. (raybiotech.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
Gene Therapy Although gene therapy is defined as any treatment that changes gene function, it is often thought of as the insertion of normal genes into the cells of a person who lacks such normal genes because. (msdmanuals.com)

Therapeutic Cloning - Use of a donor cell to create pluripotent stem cells suitable for growing tissues for implantation into the donor or other patient. (schlich.co.uk)
In addition, the possibility of reprogramming adult stem cells back to a "pluripotent" (or embryonic-like) state raises the biological prospect of going back too far. (eppc.org)
These cells are considered pluripotent . (thefutureofthings.com)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
The resulting cells were pluripotent and could be differentiated into insulin-producing beta cells to restore the function of the pancreas in the donor. (news-medical.net)
This is by 4 early protein factors, the differentiated cells-such as fibroblasts, T and B cells-can return to pluripotent stem cells. (atlasofscience.org)
It is well known that pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and iPSCs can give rise to tumors and also result in immune rejection based on the research using immunodeficient mouse models. (atlasofscience.org)
Mouse Clone Model" for evaluating the immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells. (atlasofscience.org)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
Long before the controversy emerged over human embryonic stem cells, scientists and doctors began using first-generation stem cells from adult bone marrow. (eppc.org)
But they are also less equipped to produce every cell type of the body and less able to reproduce themselves indefinitely, which makes them less appealing to scientists interested in basic research. (eppc.org)
In July 2005, for example, scientists announced that they had engineered adult mouse stem cells into usable mouse eggs, a technique that might one day allow for the creation of human eggs from ordinary human cells. (eppc.org)
While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
A number of large biotech companies and scientists are looking toward stem cells as the basis for a therapeutic solution to cure such illnesses as blindness, diabetes and spinal cord injuries. (thefutureofthings.com)
The lamb's cloning was the first time scientists were able to coax a mature adult cell into behaving like a cell from a newly fertilized embryo in order to create a genetically identical animal. (wgnradio.com)
Dolly's creation prompted other scientists to clone animals including dogs, cats, horses and bulls. (wgnradio.com)
Dolly's creation was part of a broader project by scientists to create genetically modified sheep that could produce therapeutic proteins in their milk. (wgnradio.com)
Therapeutic cloning, known as "clone and kill" because the embryo is not transplanted into a surrogate mother for development, is favored by many scientists. (wnd.com)
In the middle of the year 2001 a group of scientists said cloning humans might be easier than cloning animals. (irfi.org)
Many scientists were dismayed and scientists involved in animal cloning warned of the many practical problems in cloning. (irfi.org)
The new work by scientists in Pittsburgh provides an explanation for why hundreds of attempts to clone monkeys have all failed despite successes in several other mammals. (irfi.org)
In the light of this information, Congress could settle for less stringent restrictions on embryo cloning studies, which scientists favor. (irfi.org)
The newly discovered obstacle makes it more likely than ever that rogue scientists' recent claims to have created cloned babies were fraud. (irfi.org)
Because the early stem cells have the ability to become any one of the hundreds of different kinds of human cells, scientists are working on research using these cells with the aim of creating therapies to treat a variety of diseases. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
ISCO will simultaneously partner with leading scientists across the world to showcase the therapeutic applicability and the potential advantages of hPSC over other stem cells. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Once scientists and researchers realized stem cell potential, they aimed to create therapies and treatments to replace and rebuild. (proficientwriters.net)
And while it may seem that the choice inherent to cloning can circumvent these potential genetic disadvantages, scientists have found that it is not necessary. (scienews.com)
Although Dolly the sheep is the most famous animal ever cloned with the help of science, it is obviously not the only one in its kind: scientists have cloned mice, cats and several types of livestock in addition to sheep. (scienews.com)
Cloning cows in recent years has provided scientists with an understanding of why they did not get everything: starting with problems during implantation and ending with the aforementioned mutations, which lead to the death of offspring. (scienews.com)
Scientists call this process "therapeutic" cloning, that is cloning for medical and therapeutic purposes, and distinguish it from traditional cloning, which has reproductive implications. (scienews.com)
In 2014, scientists created human stem cells by the same technique of cloning, which created Dolly the sheep. (scienews.com)
3.5.NOS Assessing risks associated with scientific research- scientists attempt to assess the risks associated with genetically modified crops or livestock. (biologyforlife.com)
This policy is similar to that of other countries, including Israel, where scientists are funded by Government to study embryonic stem cells despite the aforementioned bioethical issue. (jcpa.org)
Scientists at AgResearch in New Zealand have successfully produced healthy transgenic cows that make modified milk or human therapeutic proteins in their milk. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
Since 2000, scientists at AgResearch have been successfully producing transgenic cows that make modified milk or produce therapeutic proteins to treat human diseases. (sciencelearn.org.nz)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
The American Medical Association (AMA) defines human cloning as genetically identical organism's production through a process of somatic cell's nuclear transfer (SCNT). (premiumessays.net)
One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)
This has led to a lot of interest in SCNT, which is best known as the method used to pioneer whole animal cloning technology, such as Dolly the sheep. (news-medical.net)
But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
This was the first successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into embryonic stem cells using a cloning technique, SCNT. (news-medical.net)
Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)

Opponents of cloning have concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe, and that it could be prone to abuse, either in the form of clones raised as slaves, or leading to the generation of humans from whom organs and tissues would be harvested. (wikipedia.org)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
See "Review of Critical Article: Cobbe, 'Why the apparent haste to clone humans? (lifeissues.net)
Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)
In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
Dolly also spurred questions about the potential cloning of humans and extinct species. (wgnradio.com)
Critics of reproductive cloning point out that it inevitably will be used to create a "master race" of humans. (wnd.com)
An Italian fertility doctor, Dr. Severino Antinori announced his intention to clone humans, so that he can help infertile couples to have children. (irfi.org)
I hope that this will not be used to give encouragement to those who wish to clone humans,' he said. (irfi.org)
You can't say, taking this information in isolation, that it's easier to clone primates and humans,' he said. (irfi.org)
Although science has come a long way in this direction in the last century, when it came to cloning, zoo animals, humans and primates, there was always an insuperable obstacle. (scienews.com)
While in humans reproduction is the result of combining two cells (one from each parent, each with its own DNA), the method of cellular photocopies really takes place in nature. (scienews.com)
Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)
Studies suggest that cloned higher animals (and thus humans) are more likely to have serious or fatal genetic defects than normally conceived offspring. (msdmanuals.com)

Advocates support the development of therapeutic cloning in order to generate tissues and whole organs to treat patients who otherwise cannot obtain transplants, to avoid the need for immunosuppressive drugs, and to stave off the effects of aging. (wikipedia.org)
Advocates of human therapeutic cloning believe the practice could provide genetically identical cells for regenerative medicine, and tissues and organs for transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
Such cells, tissues, and organs would neither trigger an immune response nor require the use of immunosuppressive drugs. (wikipedia.org)
In Aubrey de Grey's proposed SENS (Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence), one of the considered options to repair the cell depletion related to cellular senescence is to grow replacement tissues from stem cells harvested from a cloned embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning also entails organs and tissues production through cell implantation in cultures with the real embryo that will be born. (premiumessays.net)
Some cells differentiate to become stem cells which produce tissues and tissues develop to become organs (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 2). (premiumessays.net)
Stem cell technologies promise to be the next transformative medical technology offering therapies for conditions and diseases that are currently beyond medical science by creating replacement or supplementary tissues for a patient. (schlich.co.uk)
reagents made using a patient's own cells used to regenerate disease or damaged tissues 14,15 , once the stuff of science fiction, may become science fact. (schlich.co.uk)
Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)
Today, we can derive stem cells from a range of adult and newborn tissues: liver cells, kidney cells, brain cells, fat cells, and umbilical cord blood. (eppc.org)
In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
Therapeutic cloning produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues. (wisdomanswer.com)
In the normal course of gestation, these cells will divide and split off from one another to become every cell in the human body, forming the various organs and tissues. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
These are called tissues because of their identical functioning. (absoluteastronomy.com)
In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cells and tissues of one germ layer, here the mesodermal lineage, and are consequently multipotent. (frontiersin.org)

In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
Cloning entails taking the nucleus - the compartment that contains the DNA - from an adult cell and putting it into an egg from which the original nucleus has been removed. (nih.gov)
The egg then "reprograms" the adult nucleus so that the cell behaves like an embryo but has the genes of the adult cell. (nih.gov)
7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)
The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Fusion cell cloning involves removing the nucleus of an egg and replacing this with a cell nucleus of a donor. (twig-usa.com)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Wilmut set off a global discussion about the ethics of cloning when he announced that his team at the university's Roslin Institute for animal biosciences had cloned a lamb using the nucleus of a cell from an adult sheep. (wgnradio.com)

Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
You take DNA from another somatic cell and placed her inside devoid of DNA cells. (scienews.com)
Describe the process of reproductive cloning via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
Outline the production of Dolly the sheep using somatic cell nuclear transfer. (biologyforlife.com)
The source nuclear material can be embryo-derived, fetus-derived, or taken from an adult somatic cell. (childrensmercy.org)

The work also suggests a much more efficient way of differentiating stem cells for therapeutic purposes. (sciencedaily.com)

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and other scientific organizations have made public statements suggesting that human reproductive cloning be banned until safety issues are resolved. (wikipedia.org)

Both basic research and therapeutic development for serious diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes, as well as improvements in burn treatment and reconstructive and cosmetic surgery, are areas that might benefit from such new technology. (wikipedia.org)
The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
Since embryonic stem cells have the ability to form virtually any cell type in the body, those taken from a cloned embryo could potentially be used to treat many diseases. (nih.gov)
Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
Stem cells offer the prospect of treatments for diseases and injuries that are currently beyond medical science. (schlich.co.uk)
Stem cells may underpin the next generation of pharmaceuticals, with even greater promise for successful treatment of diseases that are intractable or scarcely treatable now. (schlich.co.uk)
The recovered stem cells can then be used in the treatment of diseases and to aid the recovery of injuries. (geminigenetics.com)
Already, non-embryonic stem cells are being used to treat a variety of diseases-most notably certain cancers of the blood. (eppc.org)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
These cells have been sought after as potential therapies for diseases ranging from heart disease to Parkinson's to cancer. (news-medical.net)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
The plant can also be genetically altered so that it becomes immune to certain diseases and viruses. (wisdomanswer.com)
The hpSC cell line will be used to treat a host of degenerative diseases. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
This includes liver disease, diabetes, age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), corneal blindness and various neural degenerative diseases that are common among genetically different populations across the globe. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
In the last two decades, it has advanced from therapeutic modalities to be hopeful in its progress in treating major diseases. (proficientwriters.net)
As the stem cells can be made to be any cells of the body, in the treatment of diseases they will be most helpful - especially genetic diseases or when the patient requires a transplant of another organ donor which is often unavailable. (scienews.com)
While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
Consequently, several human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, are caused by defects in this highly regulated form of cell death. (nature.com)

Researchers have been hoping to harness the therapeutic potential of cloning ever since the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. (nih.gov)
The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)
Ian Wilmut, the cloning pioneer whose research was critical to the creation of Dolly the Sheep, has died, the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh said Monday. (wgnradio.com)
LONDON (AP) - Ian Wilmut, the cloning pioneer whose work was critical to the creation of Dolly the Sheep in 1996, has died at age 79. (wgnradio.com)
It seems that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, and the authors have allowed themselves to over-interpretate their interesting results,' said Professor Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, in Edinburgh, leader of the team, which cloned Dolly the sheep. (irfi.org)

The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)
The object of reproductive cloning is to implant the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother and permit the human child to develop. (wnd.com)

In bioethics, the ethics of cloning refers to a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Serious ethical concerns have been raised by the future possibility of harvesting organs from clones. (wikipedia.org)
Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)
The breakthrough may eventually put to rest the ethical controversy surrounding stem cells. (nih.gov)
But adult stem cells also raise some interesting ethical dilemmas alongside their great therapeutic promise. (eppc.org)
Stem cells are at the forefront of medical research and incite some of the most controversial ethical and religious debates worldwide. (thefutureofthings.com)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
After a chapter covering the science of cloning, we get to start applying those ethical rules. (blogspot.com)
The ethical and legal controversies that were aroused in the ART debates during the 1980s have been re-ignited with the development of stem cell technology. (edu.au)
This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)

Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)
The stem cell facility will produce human parthenogenic stem cells (hpSCs) that are derived from parthenogenetically induced human oocytes. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
The HLA genotypes of stem cells obtained from such oocytes are heterozygous and are genetically cloned to the donors. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Transgenic bovine cells are selected and fused with bovine oocytes that have had all of their chromosomes removed. (sciencelearn.org.nz)

The findings, published in the May 22 issue of Nature, give a glimpse into how that collective behavior works, and show that cell populations maintain a built-in variability that nature can harness for change under the right conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
They began by examining populations of seemingly identical blood stem cells, and found that a cell marker of "stemness," a protein called Sca-1, was actually present in highly variable amounts from cell to cell -- in fact, they found a 1,000-fold range. (sciencedaily.com)
There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Only a careful consideration and standardization of all pretreatment processes/methods for the different applications of MSCs will ensure robust and reproducible performance of these cell populations in the different experimental and clinical settings. (frontiersin.org)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)

Two separate research teams have figured out how to "reprogram" cells with just a handful of genes to give them the characteristics of embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
Instead, it supports the idea that cells differentiate through the collective behavior of multiple genes in a network that ultimately leads to just a few endpoints -- just as a marble on a hilltop can travel a nearly infinite number of downward paths, only to arrive in the same valley. (sciencedaily.com)
Again, they found tremendous variability within the apparently uniform cell population: more than 3,900 genes were differentially expressed (turned "on" or "off") between the low- and high-Sca-1 cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The twins share common genes with their parents, but are genetically identical to each other. (geminigenetics.com)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
RayBiotech's stable cell line service uses a mammalian retrovirus to incorporate foreign genes into the host genome. (raybiotech.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
Genes and Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)

Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
As the fertilized egg divides from one cell into two, physicians can separate these two cells and implant each one of them into a woman's uterus to generate two genetically identical children. (jcpa.org)
RayBiotech's expert team can use your target antigen or peptide sequence of interest to develop a hybridoma and bulk monoclonal antibody production with scalable, large-scale production and purification services from pre-existing hybridoma cell lines to generate large quantities of a specific antibody. (raybiotech.com)

A matured oocyte (c) is then enucleated (d) and a donor cell is transferred into the enucleated oocyte (e). (biomedcentral.com)
This produces either heterozygous human parthenogenetic stem cell lines that can be precisely HLA-matched or stem cell lines histocompatible with the oocyte donors or HLA homozygous hPSC that are histocompatible with the major segments of human population. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

Modern biotechnology involves the use of genetically altered microorganisms (e.g. (biotechfront.com)
The technique of plant tissue culture involves micropropagation and plant cell culture. (wisdomanswer.com)
A few years ago, in an article in the The Times of London newspaper, the author, Michael Gove, made the following statement: "Embryonic stem-cell experimentation involves not just the destruction of human life but the creation of life with the specific intent to destroy it. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)

As such, cloning refers to a procedure via which the production of a baby with a genetic factor that is identical to that of the parents occurs. (premiumessays.net)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
A form of reproduction that occurs without the fusion of sexual cells. (sd43.bc.ca)

Before this new study was published, Nature asked another group of researchers to confirm that the stem cells were genetically identical to the donor skin cells. (nih.gov)
The stem cells, the researchers showed, could turn into heart or nerve cells in the laboratory, and had other characteristics of established embryonic stem cell lines. (nih.gov)
Such "guidelines" will ensure that stem cell researchers are not treated poorly as was Hwang when he was eventually found guilty of falsifying his data. (lifeissues.net)
Led by Sui Huang, MD, PhD, a Visiting Associate Professor in the Children's Hospital Boston Vascular Biology Program (now also on the faculty of the University of Calgary), and Hannah Chang, an MD/PhD student in Children's Vascular Biology Program, the researchers examined how blood stem cells "decide" to become white blood cell progenitors or red blood cell progenitors. (sciencedaily.com)
Therapeutic cloning, as distinct from reproductive cloning, will lead to unprecedented medical advances, say researchers. (wnd.com)
We suggest the stem cell researchers all over the world to investigate the applicability of iPSCs and tissue specific stem cells for therapeutic applications and take advantage of this model. (atlasofscience.org)

Perfect Copy: Unravelling the Cloning Debate (Ikon, 2002) is an exploration of the ethics of cloning by Nick Agar , who lectured me in Bioethics and the ethics of genetic technologies when I was at Vic . (blogspot.com)
The ethics of cloning is an extremely controversial issue. (absoluteastronomy.com)

Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)
Wilmut, a trained embryologist, later focused on using cloning techniques to make stem cells that could be used in regenerative medicine. (wgnradio.com)
Non-reproducible treatment outcomes or even absence of treatment effects in comparison to control groups challenges the potential of these cells for routine application both in tissue engineering and in regenerative medicine. (frontiersin.org)

In the now-famous "Dolly" experiments, cells from a sheep (donor cells) were fused with unfertilized sheep eggs from another sheep (recipient cells) from which the natural genetic material was removed by microsurgery. (msdmanuals.com)
As expected, Dolly was an exact genetic copy of the original sheep from which the donor cells were taken, not of the sheep that provided the eggs. (msdmanuals.com)

To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
The team that isolated the embryonic stem cell lines was led by Dr. Shoukhrat Mitalipov at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. (nih.gov)
Such is the fate of two entire fields of academia intertwined in the current issue of human embryonic stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
See Irving, "Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Are official positions based on scientific fraud? (lifeissues.net)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The greater legal certainty provided by recent court cases means that patent rights, and the investment they attract, can be secured for human embryonic stem-cell based technologies. (schlich.co.uk)
By transferring adult cell DNA into an embryonic stem cell, it is possible to create a line of immortal embryonic cells that are able to develop into any type of adult cell, genetically identical to the donor. (news-medical.net)
If embryonic stem-cell research offers real possibilities for future cures then, from a Jewish point of view, it may be pursued with caution, humility, and strict supervision. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
Cellular differentiation begins with the fertilized egg which serves as the identifying characteristic of an embryonic stem cell. (jcpa.org)
In 2009, in a major reversal of U.S. policy, President Obama signed an executive order pledging to "vigorously support" embryonic stem cell research. (jcpa.org)
Embryonic stem cell technology is still at a preliminary research stage and announcements about its potential may be premature. (edu.au)
Experts from around the world are assessing the difficult issue of the extent to which embryonic stem cell research should be allowed to proceed, and to date there is little international consensus on this matter. (edu.au)
How, then, should embryonic stem cell research be regulated in Australia? (edu.au)
In this article we examine embryonic stem cell research and explore the current regulatory framework associated with this research in Australia, with particular reference to the Andrews Report . (edu.au)

animals are currently cloned in laboratories and in livestock production. (wikipedia.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)

Huang and Chang then looked at the proteins GATA1 and PU.1, transcription factors that normally favor differentiation into red and white blood cells, respectively. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition, specific proteins or biological substances can be added to these stem cell cultures to transform them in the laboratory into a large variety of specialized cell types, such as nerve, liver, muscle, bone, and blood cells. (jcpa.org)
Find out more about Transgenic cows making modified milk and Transgenic cows making therapeutic proteins . (sciencelearn.org.nz)
Importantly, the mitochondrial association of n-cofilin and ADF had no impact on apoptosis signaling because ablation of either n-cofilin, ADF, or both proteins together did not change cell death progression. (nature.com)

The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. (geminigenetics.com)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)
Transgenic cows are genetically modified (GM) cows. (sciencelearn.org.nz)
Transgenic cows look identical to normal cows. (sciencelearn.org.nz)

Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
from a progenitor cell we obtain two descendant cells with the same genetic information and equal to the genetic information of the progenitor cell. (sd43.bc.ca)
In meiosis, four daughter cells genetically different from each other, and different from the progenitor cell, are the basis of sexual reproduction. (sd43.bc.ca)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

Their report, published in the same issue of the journal, confirms that therapeutic cloning has now been accomplished in primates for the first time. (nih.gov)
Although this study proves that the therapeutic cloning of primates is possible, there are still many hurdles to be overcome. (nih.gov)

The facility is also near leading Californian research institutions that have already collaborated with ISCO on basic stem cell biology and therapeutic applications. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

3.5.U5 Clones are groups of genetically identical organisms, derived from a single original parent cell. (biologyforlife.com)
The formation of one or more genetically identical organisms derived by vegetative reproduction from a single cell. (childrensmercy.org)
A clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual. (msdmanuals.com)

This process allows people to clone living things of any sort. (bartleby.com)
When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
When an embryo like this is implanted into a uterus, as with Dolly, the process is called reproductive cloning. (nih.gov)
In particular, the efficiency of the process will have to be improved before the technique could be applied in the clinic using human cells. (nih.gov)
The findings also help explain why the process of differentiating stem cells into specific lineages in the laboratory has been highly inefficient. (sciencedaily.com)
Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)
Though pet cloning may be considered a relatively new technology, the process of cloning as defined above is first documented in 1885, where Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch demonstrated artificial embryo twinning on a sea-urchin. (geminigenetics.com)
These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
Schematic diagram of the somatic cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
By using the plant tissue culture process, these clones can be produced in quick succession and with uniformity - making it simpler for producers to supply consistent quality products on-demand. (wisdomanswer.com)
Cloning is an important process in Recombinant DNA technology. (wisdomanswer.com)
This is part of the natural aging process that seems to happen in all cell types. (wisdomanswer.com)
are commonplace, with their cloning occurring during the natural process of reproduction. (absoluteastronomy.com)
There is two different process on which the cells divide from the chromosomes, one is mitosis and the other is meiosis. (sd43.bc.ca)
Mitosis is the process that produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell. (sd43.bc.ca)
Bacteria are reproduced in the process of double division: each time a bacterium divides, its DNA also divided, so each new bacterium is genetically identical to its predecessor. (scienews.com)
Describe the process of reproductive cloning via embryo splitting. (biologyforlife.com)
The predominant bioethical concern arising from this technology is that the blastocyt-stage embryo must be destroyed in the process of isolating and separating the embryonic stem cells from the inner mass region of the pre-embryo. (jcpa.org)

We then asked, are these cells also biologically different? (sciencedaily.com)
Because the stem cells and the mouse clones are biologically "selves", this model provides stronger and more direct evidences for stem cell therapy. (atlasofscience.org)

One bioethicist, Jacob M. Appel of New York University, has gone so far as to argue that "children cloned for therapeutic purposes" such as "to donate bone marrow to a sibling with leukemia" may someday be viewed as heroes. (wikipedia.org)
The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
The connection between chronic SNS activation, adrenergic stress and immune suppression is linked in part to the ability of catecholamines to stimulate the bone marrow release and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). (bvsalud.org)

Thus, we conclude that ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for induction or progression of apoptosis in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
In summary, our work demonstrates that in mammalian cells ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for efficient induction of apoptosis. (nature.com)

others support therapeutic cloning's potential life-saving benefits. (wikipedia.org)
a) It would seem that Saunders uses the "potential" argument here quite appropriately, but it is critical that the term be understood properly in order to deflect any misunderstandings or misinterpretations - especially if the term were to be used in any U. N. treaty on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
If the term "potential" were to be incorporated into a U. N. treaty on human cloning, it would be necessary to clarify its use as referring to an already existing human being/person. (lifeissues.net)
This general definition includes a wide variety of cells with varying degrees of differentiation potential. (thefutureofthings.com)
in other words, it has the potential to become any type of cell. (thefutureofthings.com)
Embryonic stem cells are immortal, and have the potential to develop into any type of adult cell, even after months growing in culture dishes. (news-medical.net)
Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
There's a hodge-podge of moral issues here, but the main questions seem to be about the psychology of a potential clone's parents rather than the morality of cloning itself. (blogspot.com)
CSCs take charge of a cancer hierarchy, harboring stem cell-like properties involving self-renewal and aberrant differentiation potential. (bmbreports.org)
The lack of benefit may result from insufficient numbers and limited persistence of alloreactive donor NK cells but does not preclude its potential usefulness during other phases of therapy, or in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
Similarly, when the fertilized egg divides from two cells into four cells, each of these four cells has the potential to individually form a human fetus. (jcpa.org)
However, by the time the fertilized egg divides into 8 or 16 cells something changes and each respective cell, if separated, no longer has the potential to create a fetus. (jcpa.org)
The unique properties of human stem cells have aroused considerable optimism about their potential as new pathways for alleviating human suffering caused by disease and injury. (edu.au)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
Despite almost 50 years of research and over 20 years of preclinical and clinical studies, the question of curative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is still widely discussed in the scientific community. (frontiersin.org)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)

This discovery not only laid the foundation for the research field of reprogramming, but also provided priceless sources for stem cell transplantation. (atlasofscience.org)
As a result, we can theoretically perform stem cell transplantation between iPSCs, and these mice could mimic the transplantation of iPSCs from the patients into themselves. (atlasofscience.org)
Compared with current mouse models for stem cell transplantation, our "Mouse Clone Model" has several advantages. (atlasofscience.org)
Firstly, we can test immuno-rejection of iPSCs and various tissue specific stem cells, and to select suitable stem cell lines for transplantation. (atlasofscience.org)
Furthermore, after the selection of applicable stem cells, we can investigate the appropriate stages of different stem cells for transplantation. (atlasofscience.org)
Approximately one-third of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience disease relapse despite risk-adapted intensive multiagent chemotherapy with or without hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The first evidence for the therapeutic effectiveness of natural killer (NK) cells in AML was established in a study of 57 adult patients, in which none of the 20 individuals who received haploidentical cell transplantation from a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donor experienced disease relapse [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)

Research advocates attack President Bush for "banning stem cell research," while pro-life advocates lament a Republican administration and Congress that have banned nothing-not embryo destruction, not human cloning, not fetal farming, not genetic engineering. (eppc.org)

Advocates for reproductive cloning believe that parents who cannot otherwise procreate should have access to technology. (wikipedia.org)
What is the legal status of a cloned person who has no parents, guardians or advocates? (wnd.com)

In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
Through whole-genome sequencing of single molecules of circulating cell-free DNA, we found that tumor-derived mutations in cancer genomes are associated with regions of late replication timing and other chromatin features. (cdc.gov)

increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
On April 11, 2003, Washington Post Staff Writer, Rick Weiss, reported 'New research suggests that it may be a lot harder to clone people than to clone other animals, an unexpected scientific twist that could influence the escalating congressional debate over human cloning and embryo research. (irfi.org)
But opponents of human embryo research were afraid that the new research not only identifies previously unrecognized hurdles to human cloning, but also points the way to overcoming those hurdles. (irfi.org)

It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)

We now see a patent landscape where stem cell technologies and related therapies can, with very few exceptions, be protected via patents, provided the appropriate form of claim wording is used. (schlich.co.uk)
For instance, it may be possible one day to produce cardiac tissue to repair a heart damaged in a heart attack, nerve tissue to repair spinal cord injuries and cell therapies to treat people suffering from Alzheimer's or ALS. (jewishvaluesonline.org)
In most cases, clinically relevant cell numbers for MSC-based therapies can be only obtained by in vitro expansion of isolated cells. (frontiersin.org)
In this mini review, we will discuss point by point possible pitfalls in the production of human MSCs for cell therapies, without consideration of material-based applications. (frontiersin.org)

Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
Many nations oppose human reproductive cloning as "inherently unethical. (wnd.com)
This report is bad news for the unethical charlatans who have been preying on people by claiming they are able to clone people's loved ones,' said Gerald Schatten of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, who led the new study in April 11, 2003 issue of the journal Science. (irfi.org)
Creating a human by cloning is widely seen as unethical, is illegal in many countries, and is technically difficult. (msdmanuals.com)

However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)

Describe different ways in which natural clones can arise. (biologyforlife.com)

After being free from human interference and the addition of new cattle for over 1000 years, this UK Native breed are considered so genetically similar that they are in fact, genetic clones of each other. (geminigenetics.com)
1.) Offspring are genetic clones susceptible to the same disease. (sd43.bc.ca)

Cloning can also occur in human reproduction, when a fertilized egg cell breaks in half, resulting in identical twins. (twig-usa.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Embryos27

Blastocyst12

Organism23

Asexual reproduction8

Reproductive cloning of huma7

Gene20

Pluripotent14

Scientists27

SCNT12

Humans16

Tissues18

Nucleus14

Somatic cell9

Stem Cells for Therapeutic Purposes1

Suggesting that human reproductive cloning b1

Diseases18

Dolly the S5

Surrogate mother2

Ethical11

Oocytes6

Populations5

Naturally2

Genes9

Generate3

Oocyte2

Involves4

Occurs3

Researchers6

Ethics2

Regenerative3

Sheep2

Embryonic stem14

Livestock2

Proteins4

Refers2

Cows3

Progenitor4

19972

Primates2

Biology1

Organisms derived3

Process19

Biologically2

Bone marrow3

Mammalian cells2

Potential17

Transplantation9

Fetal1

Advocates2

Genomes3

Embryo research4

Human somatic cells1

Therapies4

Unethical4

Molecular1

Natural clones1

Genetic clones2

Twins1