• When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
  • In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
  • 2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
  • 7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
  • 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
  • … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
  • Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)
  • Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
  • However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)
  • Pro-cloning forces have been working hard to convince state governments to pass constitutional amendments enshrining a "right" to clone and to destroy embryos for research. (flfamily.org)
  • Against this backdrop, I sincerely hope the government will allow Hwang to restart work on cloned human embryos. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • Hwang and his lieutenants created NT-1 in 2003 and claimed that it was the world's first stem cell batch extracted from cloned human embryos. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
  • Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)
  • The American Medical Association (AMA) defines human cloning as genetically identical organism's production through a process of somatic cell's nuclear transfer (SCNT). (premiumessays.net)
  • Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
  • We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
  • Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)
  • A clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual. (msdmanuals.com)
  • SCNT refers to a process that entails transferring somatic cells of an existing organism into the oocyte where the nucleus came from (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 1). (premiumessays.net)
  • Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
  • For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
  • The authenticity of NT-1 also came under suspicions and some claimed that it was generated via asexual reproduction, not cloning, to further shrink the standing of the former Seoul National University professor. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • As such, cloning refers to a procedure via which the production of a baby with a genetic factor that is identical to that of the parents occurs. (premiumessays.net)
  • Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
  • These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
  • A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • In the now-famous "Dolly" experiments, cells from a sheep (donor cells) were fused with unfertilized sheep eggs from another sheep (recipient cells) from which the natural genetic material was removed by microsurgery. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Then the genetic material from the donor cells was transferred into the unfertilized eggs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • As expected, Dolly was an exact genetic copy of the original sheep from which the donor cells were taken, not of the sheep that provided the eggs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Studies suggest that cloned higher animals (and thus humans) are more likely to have serious or fatal genetic defects than normally conceived offspring. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some cells differentiate to become stem cells which produce tissues and tissues develop to become organs (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 2). (premiumessays.net)
  • The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)
  • What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
  • This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Such is the fate of two entire fields of academia intertwined in the current issue of human embryonic stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
  • See Irving, "Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Are official positions based on scientific fraud? (lifeissues.net)
  • Now the U.K. is positioned to lead the world in translating the potential benefits of stem-cell research into patients. (sentientdevelopments.com)
  • Paul Wagle, M.A., discusses his experience with a life-saving adult stem cell treatment, and the importance of promoting ethical approaches to medical research. (flfamily.org)
  • CLI's Vice President and Research Director, Dr. David Prentice, recently joined Molly Smith, host of From the Median, to explain the science, history, and politics of stem cells. (flfamily.org)
  • New research out this week suggests that human cloning might be for the first time, an actual possibility. (cnet.com)
  • Let us look at a precursory innovation such as stem cell research. (etalkinghead.com)
  • The U.S. patents on the cell line at issue, dubbed NT-1, are expected to give a fresh momentum to Hwang who is striving to resume his research on cloned human stem cells, which have great therapeutic potential. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)
  • … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • However, cloning need not only be used to create a whole organism. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Whether a cell used for a clone produces a specific type of tissue, a specific organ, or an entire organism depends on the potential of the cell-that is, how highly the cell has developed into a particular type of tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For example, certain cells called stem cells have the potential to produce a wide variety of tissue types or even possibly an entire organism. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The most famous clone was a Scottish sheep named Dolly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
  • Researchers hope to use these cells to grow healthy tissue to replace injured or diseased tissues in the human body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Such "guidelines" will ensure that stem cell researchers are not treated poorly as was Hwang when he was eventually found guilty of falsifying his data. (lifeissues.net)
  • Researchers are making great strides with hair cloning, but I have no idea how many years it's going to be before anything reliably safe and effective is commercially available. (baldingblog.com)
  • One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)
  • Dr. Irving, whose Ph.D. included a doctoral concentration in secular bioethics at the world's foremost bioethics institute, noted that the bill was poorly prepared using faulty science and lacking basic definitions necessary to have the law actually ban cloning as it claims it does. (lifesitenews.com)
  • In addition, Hwang's credence was not completely gone because the world's first cloned dog that was born in 2005 and created by his team proved to be the real deal. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • The rapidly emerging "regenerative" field of medicine is relying heavily on the use of ethically obtained stem cells. (flfamily.org)
  • WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • See "Review of Critical Article: Cobbe, 'Why the apparent haste to clone humans? (lifeissues.net)
  • But Hwang suffered setbacks as he was found to have doctored data from experiments on patient-specific stem cells, which were also printed by the peer-reviewed U.S. journal in 2005. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • Yesterday, scientists in the United Kingdom announced that they'd been granted permission by the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority to create stem cells by therapeutic cloning. (sentientdevelopments.com)
  • In therapeutic cloning, scientists take a human egg from a healthy donor, and remove its nucleus. (sentientdevelopments.com)
  • The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • Arguing NT-1 is indeed a clone, Hwang has tried to resume his work on human stem cells but the government has yet to allow him. (koreatimes.co.kr)
  • Gene Therapy Although gene therapy is defined as any treatment that changes gene function, it is often thought of as the insertion of normal genes into the cells of a person who lacks such normal genes because. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genes and Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cloning also entails organs and tissues production through cell implantation in cultures with the real embryo that will be born. (premiumessays.net)
  • A study called Cloning and Stem Cells reports a scientific breakthrough that could lead not only the therapeutic cloning like re-growing limbs or organs, but actual cloned people. (cnet.com)
  • Creating a human by cloning is widely seen as unethical, is illegal in many countries, and is technically difficult. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, it appears that the ability of the In its simplest form, cloning is defined stem cells to transform is limited, except as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)
  • The have been applied to both the plant and ani- stem cells possess pluripotential charac- mal kingdoms without even stirring a ripple teristics, and can differentiate into various of concern in international conscience [ 2 ]. (who.int)
  • In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
  • They then take a cell -- a skin cell, for example -- from a patient, and remove its nucleus. (sentientdevelopments.com)
  • They put the nucleus of the patient's cell into the egg whose nucleus has been removed. (sentientdevelopments.com)
  • When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
  • The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)
  • Could a Hair Transplant Today Cause Problems for Any Potential Cure or Cloning in the Future? (baldingblog.com)
  • Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
  • Hair growth in adults occurs naturally in a process known as hair neogenesis â€" where cells called dermal papilla cells that span the top two layers of skin coax surrounding cells to form hair follicles. (baldingblog.com)
  • 1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
  • The embryo that is used to produce stem cells has an arguable moral status. (premiumessays.net)
  • As such, when a person opts to clone their embryo in order to produce stem cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes that will prolong life, they violate one of these moral principles which entail protecting human life as a duty. (premiumessays.net)
  • For the first time, new human hairs have been coaxed into growing from specialised skin cells that can be multiplied in number to potentially create a full head of hair. (baldingblog.com)
  • This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)
  • Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)
  • This paper's main objective is to support the argument that embryo's cloning for one's self to serve as the stem cells' source for purposes of therapy should be considered morally permissible for people who want to prolong lives via this type of therapeutic option . (premiumessays.net)
  • To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
  • a , Snuppy, the first cloned dog, at 67 days after birth (right), with the three-year-old male Afghan hound (left) whose somatic skin cells were used to clone him. (nature.com)
  • What is more, by deriving NT-ESCs from patient cells, the problem of immune rejection may be avoided. (benthamscience.com)