Therapeutic cloning of embryonic stem cells cloning various mammals clone humans for reproductive. Medical search. Frequent questions

The blastocyst stage is developed by the egg to help create embryonic stem cells from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions, the single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with an identical genome to the original organism (i.e. a clone). (wikipedia.org)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
Most researchers obtain embryonic stem cells from the inner mass of a blastocyst, an embryonic stage when a fertilized egg has divided into 128 cells. (jcpa.org)
The stem cells derived from the inner mass of a blastocyst lack the ability to form a fetus when implanted into a woman, but are self-renewing and can be maintained for long periods of time in the laboratory as undifferentiated stem cells. (jcpa.org)

In 1996, Dolly the sheep became famous for being the first successful case of the reproductive cloning of a mammal. (wikipedia.org)
When the world learned in 1997 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone produced from an adult mammal, a broad public discussion about the ethics of human cloning ensued, largely focused on the nature, meaning, and future of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
Even the world's most famous sheep clone, Dolly, who died recently suffered from problems linked to this gene. (irfi.org)
It seems that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, and the authors have allowed themselves to over-interpretate their interesting results,' said Professor Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, in Edinburgh, leader of the team, which cloned Dolly the sheep. (irfi.org)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)
Campbell and his team also cloned a sheep from adult cells in 1996, which they named Dolly. (asu.edu)
Dolly was the first mammal cloned from specialized adult (somatic) cells with the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (asu.edu)
is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)

The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)

In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
In human SCNT experiments, these eggs are obtained through consenting donors, utilizing ovarian stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
Controversy surrounds human ESC work due to the destruction of viable human embryos, leading scientists to seek alternative methods of obtaining pluripotent stem cells, SCNT is one such method. (wikipedia.org)
For example, if a person with Parkinson's disease donated their somatic cells, the stem cells resulting from SCNT would have genes that contribute to Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Another application of SCNT stem cell research is using the patient specific stem cell lines to generate tissues or even organs for transplant into the specific patient. (wikipedia.org)
Only a handful of the labs in the world are currently using SCNT techniques in human stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)

A potential use of stem cells genetically matched to a patient would be to create cell lines that have genes linked to a patient's particular disease. (wikipedia.org)
But in many animals other than humans, one of these genes is turned off. (irfi.org)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
If biotech scientists have the ability to manipulate the genes of an embryo or gamete cell for non-therapeutic purposes, it could be argued that these genetically modified cells are in fact patentable "inventions," given that the material was not, in that particular sequence, naturally occurring. (nyu.edu)
Moreover, in Myriad Genetics , the Supreme Court found that an identical provision was inapplicable in a discussion on real and synthetic human genes, noting that the "Act does not even mention genes, much less isolated DNA. (nyu.edu)
Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)
King showed that mutated BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes cause two types of reproductive cancer, breast and ovarian cancer. (asu.edu)
In order to better understand how HIF-1 increases longevity and to relate these findings to mammals, our project aims to find the specific genes and tissues downstream of HIF-1 that benefit worm longevity without the consequences of VHL disease. (uw.edu)

In 1995, Campbell and his scientific team used cells grown and differentiated in a laboratory to clone sheep for the first time. (asu.edu)
Can Humans Be Cloned Like Sheep? (probe.org)

The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)

These cells genetically matched the donor organism from which they came. (wikipedia.org)
These cells are deemed to have a pluripotent potential because they have the ability to give rise to all of the tissues found in an adult organism. (wikipedia.org)
The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)
This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)
The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)

The New Atlantis is building a culture in which science and technology work for, not on, human beings. (thenewatlantis.com)
Can Human beings be Cloned? (irfi.org)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
Imagine a world in which human beings can be replicated using cloning. (visit-now.net)
human beings have developed innovative technologies to treat and cure disease, to enhance human living conditions, and to protect or improve the environment. (jcpa.org)

Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)

General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)
Note: Please read The Little Lamb That Made a Monkey of Us All for the author's comments on the news of a successful lamb cloning (March 7, 1997). (probe.org)

But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)

In January 2018, a team of scientists in Shanghai announced the successful cloning of two female crab-eating macaques (named Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua) from foetal nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States, scientists at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, the University of California San Francisco, the Oregon Health & Science University, Stemagen (La Jolla, CA) and possibly Advanced Cell Technology are currently researching a technique to use somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)
But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
In the middle of the year 2001 a group of scientists said cloning humans might be easier than cloning animals. (irfi.org)
Many scientists were dismayed and scientists involved in animal cloning warned of the many practical problems in cloning. (irfi.org)
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina say the reason of all these problems may be one specific gene, which is responsible for controlling the way in which cells grow. (irfi.org)
The new work by scientists in Pittsburgh provides an explanation for why hundreds of attempts to clone monkeys have all failed despite successes in several other mammals. (irfi.org)
The scientists said they suspect that similar roadblocks exist for all primates -- the evolutionary grouping that includes monkeys and humans. (irfi.org)
In the light of this information, Congress could settle for less stringent restrictions on embryo cloning studies, which scientists favor. (irfi.org)
The newly discovered obstacle makes it more likely than ever that rogue scientists' recent claims to have created cloned babies were fraud. (irfi.org)
Scientists want to make cloned human embryos to get embryonic stem cells, which live inside early embryos and have the potential to cure a wide array of diseases. (irfi.org)
Advances in the biotechnology industry have increased scientists' understanding of the human genome and enhanced their ability to genetically modify eggs, sperm, and human embryos. (nyu.edu)
Gurdon's research built on the work of Thomas King and Robert Briggs in the United States, who in 1952 published findings that indicated that scientists could take a nucleus from an early embryonic cell and successfully transfer it into an unfertilized and enucleated egg cell. (asu.edu)
This policy is similar to that of other countries, including Israel, where scientists are funded by Government to study embryonic stem cells despite the aforementioned bioethical issue. (jcpa.org)

Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

They were optimistic based on the research carried out into human genetics. (irfi.org)
The findings are published in the journal Human Molecular Genetics, but have been criticized in Britain. (irfi.org)
The Supreme Court's decision in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics , Inc. [2] could be interpreted as paving the way for patenting genetically altered genome or gamete cells. (nyu.edu)
Every gene in the human body is encoded as deoxyribonucleic acid ("DNA"), and Myriad Genetics confronted the issue of whether a naturally occurring segment of DNA was eligible for patent. (nyu.edu)
[12] He participated in the 2005 science conference on human cloning at the United Nations and serves on the science advisory boards of the Genetics Policy Institute [13] and Stemgent. (cloudfront.net)
He is the co-author of the book The Natural Limits to Biological Change , served as general editor of Creation, Evolution and Modern Science , co-author of Basic Questions on Genetics, Stem Cell Research and Cloning (The BioBasics Series) , and has published numerous journal articles. (probe.org)

The researchers also say finding that the gene works in a different way in humans from animals such as rats and mice has raised questions about large areas of medical research. (irfi.org)
Two other independent researchers, Severino Antinori (an Italian working in an undisclosed Muslim country) and Panos Zavos (from Lexington, Kentucky) have also been hinting at human cloning success and suggesting that a birth will be announced soon. (probe.org)
This incredibly high 50% success rate for human cloning leaves most researchers believing that either this isn't really a clone or they simply aren't revealing all the other failures. (probe.org)

Somatic cell nuclear transplantation has become a focus of study in stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in Britain in the second half of the twentieth century. (asu.edu)
Transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs from another member of the same species. (nationalacademies.org)
Human cloning ought to be banned, both reproductive cloning and so-called therapeutic cloning-or as Stanford University recently referred to it, "human nuclear transplantation. (probe.org)
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis: a position paper and registry outline. (inims.de)

The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
Recognizing this trend, Congress passed section 33 of the America Invents Act ("AIA") [8] in 2011, resulting in, among other things, a prohibition on patents for inventions "directed to or encompassing a human organisms. (nyu.edu)
We hypothesized that applying heat shock prior to exposing the hair cells to neomycin would inhibit damage by increasing cellular defense mechanisms as seen in other organisms. (uw.edu)

The technique consists of taking an denucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a technique for cloning in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg. (wikipedia.org)
After the somatic cell transfers, the cytoplasmic factors affect the nucleus to become a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
After being inserted into the egg, the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)
An egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed mechanically. (nationalacademies.org)

Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)
Defines both molecular clones and whole-animal clones. (nationalacademies.org)

This gives them the ability to create patient specific pluripotent cells, which could then be used in therapies or disease research. (wikipedia.org)
Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research is also profoundly unethical, as it turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process in the most literal sense: human embryos are created to serve as raw materials for the production of biomedical research supplies. (thenewatlantis.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research also endangers the health and safety of the women called on to undergo dangerous hormone treatments to serve as egg donors. (thenewatlantis.com)
If research cloning is not stopped now, we face the prospect of the mass farming of human embryos and fetuses, and the transformation of the noble enterprise of biomedical research into a grotesque system of exploitation and death. (thenewatlantis.com)
On April 11, 2003, Washington Post Staff Writer, Rick Weiss, reported 'New research suggests that it may be a lot harder to clone people than to clone other animals, an unexpected scientific twist that could influence the escalating congressional debate over human cloning and embryo research. (irfi.org)
But opponents of human embryo research were afraid that the new research not only identifies previously unrecognized hurdles to human cloning, but also points the way to overcoming those hurdles. (irfi.org)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
I knew and had great respect for the famous Protestant theologian and bioethicist Paul Ramsey, and used much of his work concerning the use of human subjects in research in my own. (lifeissues.net)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
Maurice Ralph Hilleman developed vaccines at the Merck Institute of Therapeutic Research in West Point, Pennsylvania, during the twentieth century. (asu.edu)
In 1966, his final year at Nottingham, he received a scholarship to conduct research for a summer under English biologist Ernest John Christopher Polge in the Unit of Reproductive Physiology and Biochemistry, then a division of the Agricultural Research Council at the University of Cambridge. (mathisfunforum.com)
His current research focuses on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression , [7] which has led to major advances in creating embryonic stem cells and " induced pluripotent stem ' (IPS) cells, as well as their therapeutic applications. (cloudfront.net)
Jaenisch's therapeutic cloning research deals exclusively with mice, but he is an advocate for using the same techniques with human cells in order to advance embryonic stem cell research. (cloudfront.net)
Not only that, but poor Eve, who I believe is a full human being with a soul, will be a research subject all her life, however long that is. (probe.org)
The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)
In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
The destruction of the pre-embryo has been the critical issue in the U.S. behind imposing limits on federal government-sponsored research in embryonic stem cells. (jcpa.org)
In 2009, in a major reversal of U.S. policy, President Obama signed an executive order pledging to "vigorously support" embryonic stem cell research. (jcpa.org)
Israeli policy is based on the belief that such a pre-embyro does not confer personhood and that many therapeutic applications can be derived from such research. (jcpa.org)
Further research may yield insight toward pharmacological advances that prevent antibiotic-induced hair cell damage. (uw.edu)
In particular her research is focused on how different cell types in the brain (neurons, microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells) coordinate and interact to regulate these processes. (exeter.ac.uk)
The long term goal of Kate's research is to impact human health by improving our knowledge of how the brain controls food intake and body weight, which will help in the development of new therapies for obesity and anorexia/cachexia. (exeter.ac.uk)

The aim of carrying out this procedure is to obtain pluripotent cells from a cloned embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Not only would cloning-to-produce-children be a dangerous experimental procedure, one that cannot be consented to by its subjects (the children created by it), it is also a profound distortion of the moral meaning of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)

As the fertilized egg divides from one cell into two, physicians can separate these two cells and implant each one of them into a woman's uterus to generate two genetically identical children. (jcpa.org)

It is quite possible that the advances in human biology in the remainder of the twentieth century will be remembered as the most significant scientific achievement of the animal species known as Homo sapiens . (lifeissues.net)
Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)

Cloning-to-produce-children could also be used to attempt to control the physical and even psychological traits of children, extending the eugenic logic of those who would use reproductive biotechnology to have the perfect child. (thenewatlantis.com)

The resulting embryo is then implanted into a surrogate mother, resulting in the birth of an animal genetically identical to the body cell donor. (geminigenetics.com)
Eve was delivered by Caesarian section from her twin sister (the woman who donated the nuclear genetic material from which she was cloned also served as the surrogate mother). (probe.org)

Cell lines derived from early embryos that have the potential to differentiate into all types of somatic cells as well as to form germ line cells, and hence whole animals, when injected into early embryos. (nationalacademies.org)

The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. (geminigenetics.com)
Gene cloning refers to the identification and duplication of a single gene or a DNA segment, for the intention of investigating its function or creating a particular protein. (geminigenetics.com)

In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)

An Italian fertility doctor, Dr. Severino Antinori announced his intention to clone humans, so that he can help infertile couples to have children. (irfi.org)

This report is bad news for the unethical charlatans who have been preying on people by claiming they are able to clone people's loved ones,' said Gerald Schatten of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, who led the new study in April 11, 2003 issue of the journal Science. (irfi.org)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)

The report offers an ethical and policy analysis, articulating what makes cloning morally repugnant and calling for the practice to be definitively prohibited in the United States. (thenewatlantis.com)

VICTORIA, May 31, 2002 (LSN.ca) - A coalition of Canadian organizations and individuals has launched an emergency petition campaign to address the serious flaws in Bill C-56, The Assisted Human Reproduction Act. (lifesitenews.com)

The United States government can, and must, outlaw human cloning. (thenewatlantis.com)
article: But, S. 303 does not outlaw the act of human cloning at all . (lifeissues.net)

The process of somatic cell nuclear transfer involves two different cells. (wikipedia.org)
The second being a somatic cell, referring to the cells of the human body. (wikipedia.org)
What is left is a somatic cell and an enucleated egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
These are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the 'empty' ovum. (wikipedia.org)
The resulting cells would be genetically identical to the somatic cell donor, thus avoiding any complications from immune system rejection. (wikipedia.org)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)

Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
The recovered stem cells can then be used in the treatment of diseases and to aid the recovery of injuries. (geminigenetics.com)
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases of barrier organs, but so far, their role in kidney disease is unclear. (inims.de)

A philosophy of reason will define a human being as one which demonstrates self-awareness volition and rationality. (lifeissues.net)

Similarly, when the fertilized egg divides from two cells into four cells, each of these four cells has the potential to individually form a human fetus. (jcpa.org)
However, by the time the fertilized egg divides into 8 or 16 cells something changes and each respective cell, if separated, no longer has the potential to create a fetus. (jcpa.org)

The genetic material of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded, leaving it 'deprogrammed. (wikipedia.org)

Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)
Though pet cloning may be considered a relatively new technology, the process of cloning as defined above is first documented in 1885, where Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch demonstrated artificial embryo twinning on a sea-urchin. (geminigenetics.com)
The process has been rife with delay, people caught within human rights complaints usually feel like they're lost in some kind of Kafkaesque nightmare. (lifesitenews.com)
The predominant bioethical concern arising from this technology is that the blastocyt-stage embryo must be destroyed in the process of isolating and separating the embryonic stem cells from the inner mass region of the pre-embryo. (jcpa.org)

If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
A disease of humans hypothesized to be caused by a prion, or small protein, which alters the structure of a normal brain protein, resulting in destruction of brain neural tissue. (nationalacademies.org)

Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)

More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)

this approach has been championed as an answer to the many issues concerning embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the destruction of viable embryos for medical use, though questions remain on how homologous the two cell types truly are. (wikipedia.org)
What Are The Different Types Of Cloning? (geminigenetics.com)
There are 5 main types of cloning. (geminigenetics.com)
In addition, specific proteins or biological substances can be added to these stem cell cultures to transform them in the laboratory into a large variety of specialized cell types, such as nerve, liver, muscle, bone, and blood cells. (jcpa.org)

The first obstacle to cloning your dog is that $100,000 cost. (wikiquote.org)

There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)

As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)

In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
Keith Henry Stockman Campbell studied embryo growth and cell differentiation during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in the UK. (asu.edu)
Growth of cultured cells together. (nationalacademies.org)

Understanding the mechanisms involved in preventing hair cell death may yield pharmacological advancements to protect sensory hair cells when these antibiotics are administered. (uw.edu)

Considered contrary to the moral law, since (it is in) opposition to the dignity both of human procreation and of the conjugal union. (wikiquote.org)
Contrary to popular belief, stem cells are present in the human body throughout life and are found in many adult organs. (jcpa.org)
This is contrary to humans, where VHL-1 mutations cause a disease characterized by angiomas, renal carcinomas and various other tumors as a direct result of aberrant HIF-1 activation. (uw.edu)

In 2001, Fisher co-discovered the FOXP2 gene with Cecilia Lai, a gene related to language acquisition in humans and vocalization in other mammals. (asu.edu)
[8] However, in 2001, Jaenisch made a public case against human reproductive cloning , testifying before a U.S. House of Representatives subcommittee [9] and writing an editorial in Science magazine . (cloudfront.net)

Even if you don't have a religious view of the sanctity of life, you have to ask is there going to be a massive trade in human eggs from poor women to rich countries. (wikiquote.org)

The Threat of Human Cloning begins by laying out the scientific and policy background of the cloning debates. (thenewatlantis.com)
The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)

Transgenic animals modified to produce proteins for extraction, purification, and therapeutic use. (nationalacademies.org)
In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)

This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)

Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term. (wikipedia.org)

Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)

Anatomy30

Organisms8

Diseases1

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Disciplines and Occupations4

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Sheep2

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Research31

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