Theory metastasis. Medical search. Frequent questions

The poor outcome in cancer patients has mainly been attributed to local and distant lymph node metastasis as well as recurrence. (hindawi.com)
The contributors first discuss the new research framework in terms of theoretical foundations and then take up the relevance of a systems approach, reviewing such topics as nonlinearity, recurrence after treatment, the cellular attractor concept, network theory, and noncoding DNA-the "dark matter" of our genome. (mit.edu)
It explains clinical observations, such as the almost inevitable recurrence of tumors after initially successful chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, the phenomenon of tumor dormancy, and metastasis. (irbbarcelona.org)
The team used a large cohort of patient brain metastasis specimens to demonstrate that patients with highly invasive brain metastases exhibited a greater probability of experiencing postoperative local recurrence and shortened overall survival compared to those with minimally invasive lesions. (tfri.ca)

Metastasis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, distinguishing it from benign tumors. (wikipedia.org)
The lungs, liver, brain, and bones are the most common metastasis locations from solid tumors. (wikipedia.org)
The theory suggests that tumors consist of subsets of cells with functional heterogeneity in which one small subset has the characteristics of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
A leading contributing factor to metastasis and treatment resistance is the heterogeneity and plasticity of the cells within tumors 6 . (nature.com)
Relapse and metastasis are the main causes responsible for failure of surgical operation in treating malignant tumors. (jcimjournal.com)
This article introduces the present development in post-operation treatment of lung cancer, liver cancer and stomach cancer, showing that the synthetic treatment by stages combined with traditional Chinese medicine is the important way to prevent and treat the post-operation relapse and metastasis of tumors, and suggesting the optimized method for treatment. (jcimjournal.com)
The classic theory suggests that germ cell tumors (GCTs) in these areas are derived from local transformation of primordial germ cells misplaced during embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
Some retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumors may represent metastases from a testicular cancer , with subsequent spontaneous necrosis of the primary tumor. (medscape.com)
The tumor initially spreads via a hematogenous route to the pulmonary arterioles and capillaries with retrograde spread from hilar nodal metastases or upper abdominal tumors, but subsequently extends through the vascular walls, invades the low resistant peribronchovascular lymphatics, and spreads along the lymphatics. (medscape.com)
The cancer stem cell theory holds that tumors also contain stem-like cells that drive tumor growth and metastasis formation. (medscape.com)
Cancer-related pain is defined as chronic pain caused by primary tumors or metastases (chronic cancer pain) or by their treatment (chronic post-cancer treatment pain)(15). (bvsalud.org)

Breast cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of deaths from breast cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
Detection of breast cancer metastasis at the earliest stage is important for the management and prediction of breast cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
Emerging techniques using the analysis of circulating tumor cells show promising results in predicting and identifying the early stages of breast cancer metastasis in patients. (iiarjournals.org)
Additionally, a deeper understanding of the metastatic cascade in breast cancer will be critical for developing therapeutic interventions to combat breast cancer metastasis. (iiarjournals.org)
In this review, the current and novel methods for detection of breast cancer metastasis, as well as the mechanisms involved in metastasis and the treatment of breast cancer metastasis, are discussed. (iiarjournals.org)
Currently, detection of breast cancer metastasis relies on clinical manifestations of the spread to distant organs, biopsies of affected organs, radiological evaluations, imaging methods and serum tumor markers ( 3 , 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)

A majority of cancer-related deaths are attributed to metastasis rather than to localized primary tumor progression. (medscape.com)
The theory is the primary tumor keeps the metastases in check. (tripawds.com)
The majority of deaths from breast cancer are not due to the primary tumor itself, but are the result of metastasis to other organs in the body ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Indeed, while it is clear that cancer metastasis must involve detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, such a phenomenon could well be attributed to mutation(s) and/or aberrant gene expression patterns in one or a few genes and not necessarily reflect involvement of a more coordinated process such as EMT [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian cancer metastasis is primarily due to the exfoliation of malignant cells or cell aggregates from the primary tumor into the abdominal cavity and their subsequent spread and attachment to visceral and parietal peritoneal surfaces of abdominal organs such as the omentum. (biomedcentral.com)

The detection of cervical node metastases provides very important prognostic information and often helps decide the treatment of head and neck SCC. (hindawi.com)
The ability to assess or predict the presence of metastasis has significant prognostic relevance and treatment implications in the management of cancer. (hindawi.com)
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) in gastric cancer is a very important prognostic factor affecting long-term survival. (biomedcentral.com)
An ecologically inspired measure of microenvironmental diversity derived from multiple metastasis sites is correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcome. (oncotarget.com)

The spread of metastasis may occur via the blood or the lymphatics or through both routes. (wikipedia.org)
The microscopic spread of metastasis through lymphatics and perilymphatic connective tissue is seen histopathologically in 56% of patients with pulmonary metastasis. (medscape.com)

The aim of this study was to compare diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for preoperative detection of metastases to lymph nodes (LNs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (hindawi.com)
The reason is that large lymph nodes may be caused by inflammation, while small ones may be caused by metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
According to these studies, the morphological characteristics including border contour and signal intensity of lymph nodes may partly improve the diagnostic ability of metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Elliott and his team are working to understand the mechanisms of cancer metastasis to the lymph nodes, a key indicator of a poor outcome in cancer patients. (queensu.ca)

We invite investigators to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that will stimulate the continuing efforts to understand metastasis and the development of strategies to early diagnose and treat these conditions. (hindawi.com)
In this first module, we'll concentrate on the history and overview of metastasis and give you a flavor of how cancer is defined as well as some of the history surrounding how we began to understand metastasis. (mooc-list.com)

[ 2 ] The development of pulmonary metastases in patients with known malignancies indicates disseminated disease and places the patient in stage IV in TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging systems. (medscape.com)
While a large number of patients with pulmonary metastases are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, some patients develop symptoms such as hemoptysis, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, weakness, and weight loss. (medscape.com)
Chest radiography (CXR) is the initial imaging modality used in the detection of suspected pulmonary metastasis in patients with known malignancies. (medscape.com)
2 ] showed a 5-year survival rate between 17% and 55.8% for SCC with cervical node metastases and 44.6-76% for SCC patients without cervical node metastases. (hindawi.com)
Does Amputation Cause Rapid Metastasis for Canine Bone Cancer Patients? (tripawds.com)
Here, we show that MUC16 expression is associated with disease progression, basal-like and squamous tumor subtypes, increased tumor metastasis, and short-term survival of PDAC patients. (unc.edu)
Therefore, more comprehensive investigations should be carried out on the mechanism of metastasis and relapse in breast cancer, which is crucial for improving the prognosis of patients. (nature.com)
The laboratory mice, in terms of metastasis, do not always recapitulate what we see in the patients. (youris.com)
Early T stage GBC patients with distant metastasis are proven to have a worse prognosis. (medsci.org)
A novel nomogram was established to predict distant metastasis in early T stage GBC patients. (medsci.org)
Although some limitations exist in this predictive model, the nomogram revealed the relationship between the clinicopathological characteristics of T1 and T2 GBC patients and the risk of distant metastasis. (medsci.org)
For patients with resected T2 lesions, 16% have been found to have distant metastasis [ 3 ]. (medsci.org)
the liver, an adjacent organ, is the leading metastatic site, accounting for over 50% of GBC patients with metastasis [ 4 ]. (medsci.org)
Particularly for early T stage patients, such as T1 and T2, oncologists or hepatobiliary surgeons may overlook the possibility of distant metastasis, resulting in insufficient preoperative diagnostic examinations, follow-up, and postoperative comprehensive treatment. (medsci.org)
At a time when modern radiation treatment like intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) are accomplishing great good local control, distant metastases are getting to be the transcendent design of treatment failure, particularly in patients with locally progressed illness. (intechopen.com)
CTCs are tumor cells originating from primary sites or metastases that circulate in the patients' bloodstream and are very rarely found in healthy individuals ( 9 , 10 ) ( Figure 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Optimiser les soins des patients atteints du cancer de la prostate résistant à la castration en utilisant une stratégie de triple traceur en imagerie moléculaire et en radiothérapie ciblée. (usherbrooke.ca)
This study not only revealed how these cancer cells invade surrounding tissue, but also showed us that invasive growth drives poor outcomes in patients with surgically resected brain metastases," said Matthew Dankner, an MD/PhD student at McGill University and the paper's first author. (tfri.ca)
These findings have direct implications for practicing neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, and radiation oncologists in the clinical management of patients with brain metastases. (tfri.ca)
Currently, patients with surgically resected brain metastases are uniformly treated with post-operative radiotherapy. (tfri.ca)
These new findings suggest that patients with minimally invasive brain metastases may not need this treatment at all. (tfri.ca)
To test this theory, the team is setting up a clinical trial that compares patients with minimally invasive brain metastases receiving radiotherapy against patients who merely undergo observation. (tfri.ca)
Some patients with more adverse pathology at the time of cystectomy (eg, locally advanced disease, lymph node metastases) may require more frequent imaging. (medscape.com)
Application of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Laryngeal Carcinoma. (cdc.gov)

Imaging plays an important role in the screening and detection of pulmonary metastases. (medscape.com)
The most common pattern of pulmonary metastasis is the presence of multiple, well-defined nodules. (medscape.com)
Several thermal ablation options are available for treatment of pulmonary metastases, which is performed under CT guidance. (medscape.com)

The mass of the patient who did not detect distant metastases as a result of positron emission tomography (PET/CT) was surgically excised. (archbronconeumol.org)
In this study, our aim was to construct and validate a novel nomogram for predicting distant metastasis in T1 and T2 GBC. (medsci.org)
Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess significant predictive factors associated with distant metastasis. (medsci.org)
Younger age, high pathological grade, nonadenocarcinoma, T1, N1 and larger tumor size correlated positively with the risk of distant metastasis. (medsci.org)
thus, early distant metastasis usually occurs. (medsci.org)
According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, distant metastasis (M1) with any T or any N stage is defined as Stage IV [ 5 ]. (medsci.org)
This trend suggests that distant metastasis often has a worse prognosis. (medsci.org)
However, few studies to date have evaluated the risk factors or a predictive model of distant metastasis in GBC. (medsci.org)
A recent 10-institution study from America showed that advanced T-stage, grade, and presence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion were all associated with increased rates of distant metastasis [ 7 ]. (medsci.org)
This disease has peculiarities in its etiopathogenesis, presentation, risk of nodal and distant metastasis, response to therapy and overall survival (OS) outcomes that stand out as compared to other head and neck cancer subsites. (intechopen.com)

The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has emerged as an attractive hypothesis for tumor development and progression including metastasis. (benthamscience.com)
Aberrant expression of CA125/MUC16 is associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression and metastasis. (unc.edu)
CTCs are recognized as playing important roles in the metastasis of carcinomas ( 11 , 12 ) and their analysis enables the prediction of metastatic relapse and progression ( 11 ). (iiarjournals.org)
They address the temporality of cancer progression, drawing on evolutionary theory and clinical experience. (mit.edu)
Similarity and diversity of the tumor microenvironment in multiple metastases: critical implications for overall and progression-free survival of high-grade. (oncotarget.com)
The tumor microenvironment is pivotal in influencing cancer progression and metastasis. (oncotarget.com)
Our lab studies the evolution of intestinal stem cells and their ecosystem during cancer progression, with a particular interests in unraveling how the tumor microenvironment facilitates immune evasion and metastasis. (irbbarcelona.org)

CSC hypothesis in clinical metastasis is now giving a deep impact on surgical oncology. (benthamscience.com)

DWI with ADC value measurements may be more accurate than CTP for the preoperative diagnosis of cervical LN metastases. (hindawi.com)
Clinically, we observe that very few dogs have metastasis visible on chest x-rays at the time of diagnosis, but if we we examine lung tissue there are osteosarcoma cells detectable under the microscope. (tripawds.com)
Although mammographic screening has reduced the mortality rate associated with metastasis as a result of early diagnosis ( 2 ), the methods described above are frequently inept at detecting metastasis at the earliest stage and at accurately predicting the clinical outcome of the disease ( 3 , 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Computer Aided Diagnosis of Melanoma Using Deep Neural Networks and Game Theory: Application on Dermoscopic Images of Skin Lesions. (cdc.gov)

Finally, they cover the dominant role of the tissue microenvironment in cancer, analyzing topics including altered metabolic pathways, the disease-defining influence on metastasis, and the interconnectedness of different environmental niches across levels of organization. (mit.edu)

In theory, vitamin D prevents cancer relapse by inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis while inducing apoptosis. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

To make this finding, the team analyzed tissue samples of surgically resected brain metastases, dividing them into two groups based on the cancer's "invasion pattern": minimally invasive brain metastases, which display limited or no invasion into surrounding brain tissue, and highly invasive brain metastases, that exhibit marked invasion of cancer cells into the surrounding brain. (tfri.ca)
Lymphatic spread occurs either in an antegrade fashion by lymphatic invasion through the diaphragm and/or pleural surfaces or retrograde lymphatic spread from hilar lymph nodal metastasis. (medscape.com)

Key outstanding questions revolve around the survival and migration of cancer cells, such as the nucleus, as they face challenges in passage through capillary valves and hydrodynamic shear forces in the circulation system, making CTCs an unlikely source of metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
An emerging method to detect metastasis is the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which has shown promise in filling the gaps left by other diagnostic methods. (iiarjournals.org)
As early as the 1800's when Recaimer first coined the term "metastasis", circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been postulated to be critical to the process [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In fact, the initiation of metastasis may be a relatively early event in tumor biology, underscoring the need to understand the significance of CTCs. (biomedcentral.com)

The classical somatic mutation theory (SMT) of carcinogenesis and metastasis postulates that malignant transformation occurs in cells that accumulate enough mutations in the appropriate oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes. (cancerhugs.com)
Axial CT scan in a 58-year-old man with malignant melanoma shows multiple round nodules and masses of varying sizes in both lungs, consistent with metastases. (medscape.com)
Promising results with DWI to help detect cervical LN metastases (especially in normal-sized nodes) and to differentiate between benign and malignant enlarged nodes have been reported. (hindawi.com)

Researchers have many theories, but no one knows exactly what causes ovarian cancer. (webmd.com)
Our results are consistent with a role of EMT in most if not all ovarian cancer metastases and demonstrate that identical morphologies between primary and metastatic cancer samples is insufficient evidence to negate a role of EMT in the metastatic process. (biomedcentral.com)

In lymph node metastasis, a common symptom is lymphadenopathy Lung metastasis: cough, hemoptysis and dyspnea (shortness of breath) Liver metastasis: hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), nausea and jaundice Bone metastasis: bone pain, fracture of affected bones Brain metastasis: neurological symptoms such as headaches, seizures, and vertigo Although advanced cancer may cause pain, it is often not the first symptom. (wikipedia.org)
Its interdisciplinary consortium are creating a cutting-edge device that mimics the spontaneous metastasis process from the breast to the bone . (youris.com)

The most common sites of metastases are the lungs, liver, brain, and the bones. (wikipedia.org)
[ 1 ] Lungs are the second most frequent site of metastases from extrathoracic malignancies. (medscape.com)

We hope that the findings from these clinical trials will contribute to a paradigm shift in how we treat brain metastases, towards a personalized strategy rather than a one-size-fits-all approach," says Dankner. (tfri.ca)

We'll now take a close look at cancer survival within the circulation, the role of the circulatory system in metastasis, the genetic determinants of metastatic potential, signalling mechanisms, chemokines, the dock and lock hypothesis, and extravasation. (mooc-list.com)

NPC is mainly treated by RT and is profoundly radiosensitive and radiotherapy treatment is the spine of treatment for all stages of NPC without far off metastases. (intechopen.com)

Cancer theories, oncogenes, genomics. (jcancer.org)
The scientific path taken to understand cancer is paved with thousands of theories and scientific findings, from the time of Hippocrates to genomics today. (jcancer.org)

Tumor masses are composed of heterogenic subpopulations of cancer cells, and cancer stem cell theory suggests that only a specific subpopulation of these cells has the ability to sustain cancer growth and metastatic activity, whereas all of the other cancer cells have only a limited growth potential or no growth potential at all. (hindawi.com)

However, primary CRCs and metastases do not differ significantly in their mutational content and none of the main alterations in driver oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes correlate significantly with patient outcome. (irbbarcelona.org)

This special issue will mainly deal with general mechanism of metastasis, etiology, and treatment strategies but not with their roles in specific cancer types. (hindawi.com)
Although these alternative possibilities are not mutually exclusive, a clarification of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying metastasis is critical because it could have significant ramifications on future directions in the development of diagnostic tests and potential anti-metastatic drugs [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The attractive ideas about CSCs hypothesis in metastasis can partially explain the concept of minimal residual disease like occult micro-metastases after curative resections. (benthamscience.com)
The cancer stem cell (CSCs) theory states that tumor growth is similarly fueled by small numbers of tumor stem cells hidden in cancers. (irbbarcelona.org)

The location of the metastases is not always random, with different types of cancer tending to spread to particular organs and tissues at a rate that is higher than expected by statistical chance alone. (wikipedia.org)
The course also describes the major organs targeted by metastasis and describes how metastases harm the patient. (mooc-list.com)

Based on the model of development of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas, there are several theories or pathways by which serous cancers metastasize. (ascopost.com)

In the previous modules, we've looked closely at the sequential steps of metastasis and some of the biology of how metastasis occurs. (mooc-list.com)

The discovery of the DNA structure and the achievements of molecular biology have reaffirmed Boveri's theory and given technological support to developments in this field. (jcancer.org)

Roger Gomis , head of the group growth control and cancer metastasis at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, in Barcelona, explains: "Essentially what you have in a tumour is an original cell or a small group of cells that receive oncogenic signals, such as tobacco or UV light. (youris.com)
The group is also continuing to pursue laboratory studies with unique patient-derived mouse models of brain metastases that will enable further investigations into the molecular and metabolic underpinnings that promote the establishment and growth of minimally and highly invasive brain metastases. (tfri.ca)

The CSC theory is attractive because it offers an explanation for tumor heterogeneity, for the inefficiency of metastasis formation and for tumor regrowth after an apparently complete remission. (medscape.com)

In this volume, leading researchers argue for a new theory framework for understanding and treating cancer. (mit.edu)

One persistent objection to the model is the fact that careful morphological examinations of human metastases have never uncovered the existence of cancer mesenchymal-like cells [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We will also introduce their utility in pharmacodynamic monitoring for rational selection of molecularly targeted therapies and briefly address how they can help elucidate the biology of cancer metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
We'll describe the major theories of metastasis and then describe the biology behind the steps in metastasis. (mooc-list.com)

Metastasis involves a complex series of steps in which cancer cells leave the original tumor site and migrate to other parts of the body via the bloodstream, via the lymphatic system, or by direct extension. (wikipedia.org)

Interestingly, this belief continued to be accepted right up to Hippocrates (460-370 BC), who postulated the earliest scientific theory about cancer. (jcancer.org)

The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body, known as metastasis , is the main cause of cancer-related deaths. (youris.com)
Cancer cells spread not because they are encoded to the metastasis but just because it's crowded. (youris.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms5

Diseases89

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment72

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations6

Humanities1

Information Science6

Health Care19

Recurrence4

Tumors12

Breast cancer metastasis6

Primary tumor5

Prognostic4

Spread of metastasis2

Lymph nodes4

Understand metastasis2

Patients24

Pulmonary3

Distant10

Progression7

Oncology1

Diagnosis4

Microenvironment1

Relapse1

Invasion2

CTCs4

Malignant3

Ovarian cancer2

Bone2

Lungs2

Clinical1

Survival1

Radiotherapy1

Genomics2

Suggests1

Genes1

Mechanism2

CSCs2

Organs2

Carcinomas1

Occurs1

Molecular Biology1

Growth2

Heterogeneity1

Researchers1

Examinations1

Biology2

Involves1

Earliest1

Cancer cells2