• Because of its historic popularity as a murder weapon, thallium has gained notoriety as "the poisoner's poison" and "inheritance powder" (alongside arsenic). (wikipedia.org)
  • Thallium has been used, with sulfur or selenium and arsenic, to produce low melting glasses with become fluid between 125 and 150C. (lanl.gov)
  • Most exceedances of soil thresholds were for arsenic and thallium and were associated with weathered mine wastes. (usgs.gov)
  • Thallium and arsenic poisoning in a small midwestern town. (corrosion-doctors.org)
  • According to the GAO, between 2000 and 2006, utilities reported depositing into impoundments and landfills, 124 million pounds of arsenic, chromium, lead, nickel, selenium and thallium as components of the coal combustion wastes. (kyrc.org)
  • Aetna considers laboratory testing medically necessary for heavy metal poisoning (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, copper, gold, iron, mercury) for members with specific signs and symptoms of heavy metal toxicity and/or a history of likely exposure to heavy metals. (aetna.com)
  • Toxicity data were found for five of these compounds (thallium sulfate, thallium oxide, thallium nitrate, thallium acetate, and thallium carbonate). (cdc.gov)
  • Sulfuric and nitric acids dissolve thallium rapidly to make the sulfate and nitrate salts, while hydrochloric acid forms an insoluble thallium(I) chloride layer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thallium sulfate has been widely employed as a rodenticide and ant killer. (lanl.gov)
  • In 1973 , the Wprld Health Organization recommended that thallium sulfate use as a rodenticide be discontinued because of its toxicity, and use in the United States for this purpose has been banned since 1975 . (corrosion-doctors.org)
  • A 66-year-old male ingested approximately 50 mL of liquid thallium rodenticide (thallium sulfate: 2%), a lethal dose, and presented to our hospital 40 hours after ingestion. (fortuneonline.org)
  • A 66-year-old male ingested approximately 50 mL of liquid thallium rodenticide (thallium sulfate: 2%) in an attempt to commit suicide. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Therefore, the authors evaluated associations of antimony and thallium with kidney outcomes and assessed the impact of cadmium exposure on those associations in lead workers. (cdc.gov)
  • METHODS: Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between ln-urine thallium, antimony and cadmium levels with serum creatinine- and cystatin-C-based glomerular filtration measures and ln-urine N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). (cdc.gov)
  • Thallium is a heavy metal that was serendipitously discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1861 while trying to extract selenium from the by-products of sulfuric acid production. (medscape.com)
  • RESULTS: In 684 participants, median urine thallium and antimony were 0.39 and 0.36 µg/g creatinine, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimony has low toxicity compared to some other heavy metals and direct exposures are rare. (experttoxicologist.com)
  • Pure thallium exists in nature but is usually found combined with other elements in inorganic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • This document includes nine of the commonly used thallium compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of their nonselective toxicity, use of these compounds has been restricted or banned in many countries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thallium(III) compounds resemble the corresponding aluminium(III) compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure to thallium (soluble compounds) - skin, as Tl, should not exceed 0.1 mg/m 3 (8-hour time-weighted average - 40-hour work week). (lanl.gov)
  • A person exposed to thallium and its compounds develops symptoms such as malaise, pain in arms and legs, alopecia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions and even death. (unizg.hr)
  • Thallium nitrate serves as a precursor for the production of other thallium compounds. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • By reacting thallium nitrate with other chemicals, such as hydroxides or carbonates, various thallium salts and compounds can be synthesized for specific applications. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • Thallium compounds, including thallium nitrate, have been utilized in the production of special optical materials. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • It's worth noting that thallium and its compounds are highly toxic, posing significant health risks. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • Therefore, the use of thallium nitrate and other thallium compounds should be strictly controlled and handled with caution, adhering to appropriate safety protocols and regulations. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • Thallium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula TlNO₃. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • It is composed of thallium (Tl), a soft and toxic metal, and nitrate (NO₃), a polyatomic ion. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • Thallium nitrate is typically found as a white crystalline solid. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • Thallium nitrate has several uses, primarily in the field of chemistry and research. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • Thallium nitrate is used as a reagent in various chemical reactions and experiments in laboratories. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • Thallium nitrate has been used in pyrotechnic compositions to produce green-colored flames or sparks. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • In the past, thallium nitrate was used as an ingredient in certain pesticides and rodenticides due to its high toxicity to insects and rodents. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • Prussian blue is a chelating agent used to reduce the extent of systemic contamination with radioactive cesium and/or radioactive or non-radioactive thallium. (drugbank.com)
  • It acts by ion-exchange, adsorption, and mechanical trapping within the crystal structure and has a very high affinity for radioactive and non-radioactive cesium and thallium. (drugbank.com)
  • Prussian blue binds cesium and thallium isotopes in the gastrointestinal tract after ingestion or excreted in the bile by the liver, therby reduces gastrointestinal reabsorption into the enterohepatic circulation. (drugbank.com)
  • It serves as an ion exchanger for univalent cations and it preferentially binds to cesium or thallium as its affinity for cations increases as the ionic radius of the cation increases 1 . (drugbank.com)
  • Prussian blue exchanges potassium for cesium or thallium at the surface of the crystal in the intestinal lumen. (drugbank.com)
  • Insoluble prussian blue decreases the half life of cesium by 33% and from 3.8 to 2.2 days for thallium 3 . (drugbank.com)
  • The rate of cesium and thallium elimination is proportional to the dose and duration of prussian blue. (drugbank.com)
  • In 2003 , the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of Prussian blue in 500 mg capsules as safe and effective for treatment of known or suspected internal contamination with thallium (radioactive or nonradioactive) or radioactive cesium. (corrosion-doctors.org)
  • The metal ions like mercury, cesium, thallium and strontium have the greatest potential to cause harm on account of their extensive use. (researchsquare.com)
  • Prussian blue (PB) is a clinically approved oral drug for treating thallium and cesium poisoning [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is different from metal toxicity. (burnoutsolutions.co)
  • Hair Mineral Analysis is the quickest and most affordable way to determine if you have heavy metal toxicity and mineral deficiency - two of the primary drivers of disease today. (myersdetox.com)
  • Chelation Therapy is used to treat a variety of conditions, including heavy metal toxicity and cardiovascular, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. (anataramedicine.com)
  • Anatara Medicine uses Chelation therapy to treat various health conditions, including heavy metal toxicity and cardiovascular, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. (anataramedicine.com)
  • To evaluate heavy metal toxicity, our team of practitioners utilizes symptom questionnaires, physical examinations, and the most accurate blood and urine tests. (anataramedicine.com)
  • At Anatara Medicine, we strongly believe that chelation therapy can be a valuable tool in treating heavy metal toxicity and various health conditions. (anataramedicine.com)
  • If you are experiencing symptoms of heavy metal toxicity or have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, we urge you to consider chelation therapy as a treatment option. (anataramedicine.com)
  • Although they are present in micro-quantity, which is far below the metal toxicity level but the radio-toxicity (toxicity due to emitted radiation) is very high. (researchsquare.com)
  • OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that heavy metal toxicity and consumption of thiaminase-containing foods predispose to symptomatic thiamine deficiency. (tamu.edu)
  • Neither heavy metal toxicity nor consumption of thiaminase-containing foods account for thiamine deficiency in this region. (tamu.edu)
  • Thallium exposure may occur at smelters in the maintenance and cleaning of ducts and flues and through contamination of cocaine, heroin, and herbal products. (medscape.com)
  • Acute thallium poisoning is primarily characterized by gastrointestinal, neurologic, and dermatologic symptoms, while neurologic findings predominate with chronic exposure and tend to progress, even despite decreasing blood thallium levels. (medscape.com)
  • The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of thallium and a depiction of significant exposure levels associated with various adverse health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • It contains descriptions and evaluations of studies and presents levels of significant exposure for thallium based on toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations. (cdc.gov)
  • No studies were located regarding lethality in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to thallium. (cdc.gov)
  • No studies were located in humans or animals regarding the effects on the respiratory, hematological, musculoskeletal, hepatic, renal, and dermal/ocular systems after inhalation exposure to thallium. (cdc.gov)
  • Subacute signs and symptoms (onset of days to weeks following ingestion) after a substantial, acute exposure or chronic exposure to limited amounts of thallium might include those of a severely painful ascending neuropathy as well as ataxia, seizures, alopecia, and neurocognitive deficits (1-4). (cdc.gov)
  • A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for thallium exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)
  • Thallium was used historically as a rodenticide, but has since been banned in the United States due to its toxicity from accidental exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The electrical conductivity of thallium sulfide changes with exposure to infrared light, and this compound is used in photocells. (lanl.gov)
  • Characteristics of thallium, its potential exposure sources and its toxicity to living organisms are described in this work. (unizg.hr)
  • Aetna considers laboratory testing for manganese medically necessary for persons with specific signs and symptoms of manganese toxicity (dyscoordination, loss of balance, confusion) who have a history of likely exposure to high levels of manganese (e.g., occupational exposures to manganese aerosols or dust in the welding or steel industries, exposure to high levels of manganese in contaminated drinking water, suspected manganese toxicity in persons on chronic total parenteral nutrition). (aetna.com)
  • The biochemical research on the cellular effects of thallium is extensive, but few data exist in humans. (medscape.com)
  • There are few data in humans on the cardiovascular effects of thallium following inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • Among the distinctive effects of thallium poisoning are hair loss and painful, usually ascending, peripheral neuropathy such as extreme pain, paresthesia, and weakness in distal extremities. (corrosion-doctors.org)
  • In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy independently isolated thallium, studying both its chemical and physical properties. (medscape.com)
  • Chemists William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy discovered thallium independently in 1861, in residues of sulfuric acid production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unfortunately, unintentional poisonings are still reported in other countries where thallium is used as a rodenticide and ant killer. (medscape.com)
  • The removal efficacy of Spirulina was evaluated for strontium and thallium in mice. (researchsquare.com)
  • The strontium and thallium content in major tissues, urine and faeces were estimated. (researchsquare.com)
  • Spirulina significantly reduced the whole body retention of strontium and thallium and enhanced their excretion through urine and faeces. (researchsquare.com)
  • In conclusion, pulverized Spirulina showed potential adsorption efficiency and may be used as a cost-effective, efficient and non-toxic agent for removal of strontium and thallium from body. (researchsquare.com)
  • Ingestion of toxic amounts of thallium might cause gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, most commonly abdominal pain. (cdc.gov)
  • Thallium can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. (cdc.gov)
  • Thirty hours after thallium ingestion, the patient developed epigastric pain and vomiting and presented at our hospital 40 hours after ingestion. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Accordingly, thallium(I) oxide and hydroxide are more basic and thallium(III) oxide and hydroxide are more acidic, showing that thallium conforms to the general rule of elements being more electropositive in their lower oxidation states. (wikipedia.org)
  • A heavy layer of oxide builds up on thallium if left in air. (wikipedia.org)
  • A heavy oxide builds up on thallium if left in air, and in the presence of water the hydride is formed. (lanl.gov)
  • Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells. (lanl.gov)
  • On the second day of admission, oral Prussian blue ordered from outside the hospital was started at a dose of 3 g every eight hours, and the whole blood thallium concentration was measured on consecutive days using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. (fortuneonline.org)
  • After discontinuing the administration of Prussian blue, the whole-blood thallium concentration decreased very slowly, with a half-life of thallium in whole blood of 330 h. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Herein, we report the blood thallium concentration during and after PB administration in a case of acute thallium poisoning. (fortuneonline.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Urine thallium levels were significantly associated with both serum creatinine- and cystatin-C-based glomerular filtration measures in a direction opposite that expected with nephrotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Thallium has 41 isotopes which have atomic masses that range from 176 to 216. (wikipedia.org)
  • 203Tl and 205Tl are the only stable isotopes and make up nearly all of natural thallium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Natural thallium is a mixture of two isotopes. (lanl.gov)
  • It is orally administered for clinical purposes to be used as an antidote for certain kinds of heavy metal poisoning, such as thallium and radioactive isotopes of caesium. (drugbank.com)
  • Crookes named the new element "thallium" from the Greek thallos , meaning "green shoot or twig" after the bright green spectral emission lines that identified the element. (medscape.com)
  • However, the +1 state, which is far more prominent in thallium than the elements above it, recalls the chemistry of alkali metals, and thallium(I) ions are found geologically mostly in potassium-based ores, and (when ingested) are handled in many ways like potassium ions (K+) by ion pumps in living cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prussian blue, a pigment discovered in the 1700s , is often used as a sequestering agent for certain heavy metal ions and as an antidote to thallium poisoning. (corrosion-doctors.org)
  • It can be employed as an oxidizing agent, catalyst, or as a source of thallium ions in different chemical processes. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • The toxicity characteristics induced by Tl have been partially discussed. (bvsalud.org)
  • It possesses a wide bandgap and high atomic numbers for both thallium and bromine, characteristics that enhance its performance as a gamma-ray detector. (refractiveindex.info)
  • The chemical differences of binding to carbon, hydrogen and other substances can significantly alter absorption characteristics, including toxicity and other factors. (experttoxicologist.com)
  • Mercury toxicity from having lots of dental amalgams removed from the mouth. (burnoutsolutions.co)
  • Soluble thallium salts (many of which are nearly tasteless) are highly toxic, and they were historically used in rat poisons and insecticides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thallium is tasteless and odorless and has been used by murderers as a difficult to detect poison. (cdc.gov)
  • Thallium has a similar ionic radii to potassium (Tl 0.147 nm vs K 0.133 nm), which is one principle behind its toxicity. (medscape.com)
  • The structural similarity of thallium to potassium results in the body treating it as such-an action that is key in poisoning. (medscape.com)
  • Thallium accumulates in tissues with high potassium concentrations such as muscle, heart, and central and peripheral nerve tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Commercially, thallium is produced not from potassium ores, but as a byproduct from refining of heavy-metal sulfide ores. (wikipedia.org)
  • But if potassium or rubidium levels are really low then potassium/thallium and rubidium/thallium ratios will reveal thallium toxicity. (burnoutsolutions.co)
  • This is because thallium is displacing potassium or rubidium in your system. (burnoutsolutions.co)
  • In addition to his work with cancer patients, he also works extensively with Lyme disease, mold toxicity, and related illnesses, Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms including inflammatory bowel disease, and many other challenging conditions. (betterhealthguy.com)
  • Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. (wikipedia.org)
  • Twenty five isotopic forms of thallium, with atomic masses ranging from 184 to 210 are recognized. (lanl.gov)
  • Of the more than 100 environmental specimens collected at the family household and tested by atomic spectroscopy, three empty and four unopened glass soft drink bottles of the same lot number yielded thallium in a concentration fatal to humans. (corrosion-doctors.org)
  • In the early part of the last century, a product known as Koremlu (thallium acetate) was marketed in the United States for the treatment of ringworm as well as a depilatory agent. (medscape.com)
  • Limited occupational data show the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems were not susceptible to thallium. (cdc.gov)
  • When ingested, thallium is a systemic poison that can produce multiple organ toxicity involving the gastrointestinal, neurologic, and cardiovascular systems. (corrosion-doctors.org)
  • For example, you can have mercury or aluminium toxicity from too much of these metals in your system. (burnoutsolutions.co)
  • Aluminium toxicity from having a course of desensitising injections to treat an allergy such as severe hay fever. (burnoutsolutions.co)
  • There will be an interchange between what's in your blood and what's in your body water, and you'll get the thallium distributed in all tissues of the body. (acs.org)
  • Treatment of thallium toxicity consists of initial stabilization, prevention of absorption, enhanced elimination, and antidotal therapy. (medscape.com)
  • It is considered to be one of the most toxic heavy metals, however, there is an increasing demand for thallium in high technology. (unizg.hr)
  • Uncover your heavy metal toxicities. (myersdetox.com)
  • Heavy Metals Toxicity - What Can I Do? (fitoplus.com)
  • are exposed to heavy metals' toxicity. (alexoratech.com)
  • Thallium was discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1861. (cdc.gov)
  • Similar to other metals, thallium has a high affinity of disulfide bonds. (medscape.com)
  • As improvements continue to be achieved in both pre- and post-combustion scrubbing and capture of particulates and metals, we will of necessity change the composition and increase the potential toxicity of the wastes and leachate. (kyrc.org)
  • The radioisotope thallium-201 (as the soluble chloride TlCl) is used in small amounts as an agent in a nuclear medicine scan, during one type of nuclear cardiac stress test. (wikipedia.org)
  • Criminal and unintentional thallium poisonings are still reported, some leading to death. (medscape.com)
  • The sudden appearance of the characteristic signs and symptoms of hair loss and painful peripheral neuropathy in patients should prompt clinical consideration of thallium poisoning. (corrosion-doctors.org)
  • It is the most popular isotope used for thallium nuclear cardiac stress tests. (wikipedia.org)
  • 8 weeks) and echocardiographic evidence of LV dysfunction underwent thallium-201 rest-redistribution tomography and cardiac catheterization. (cnr.it)
  • Water: Thallium cannot be used to contaminate water because it does not dissolve in water. (cdc.gov)
  • Thallium bromide (TlBr) is a crystalline compound with interesting properties that make it suitable for radiation detection applications. (refractiveindex.info)
  • In patients with previous myocardial infarction and chronic LV dysfunction, the combination of echocardiographic and thallium rest-redistribution imaging data gives prognostic information incremental to those of clinical and LV functional data and to those of each technique considered separately. (cnr.it)
  • The commercial use of beryllium requires the use of appropriate dust control equipment and industrial controls at all times because of the toxicity of inhaled beryllium-containing dusts that can cause a chronic life-threatening allergic disease in some people called berylliosis. (periodic-table.org)
  • At incremental analysis, combined echocardiographic and thallium data provided significant additional information to clinical, thallium, and LV functional data, increasing global chi-square value from 22.4 to 31.5 (p (cnr.it)
  • Thallium bromide-iodide crystals have been used as infrared optical materials. (lanl.gov)
  • Thallium-doped crystals and glasses have unique optical properties, such as high refractive indices, and can be used in lenses, prisms, and infrared optics. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • However, due to thallium's toxicity, its use in consumer fireworks has significantly decreased in recent years. (ceramic-glazes.com)
  • juvenile kangaroo rats were more sensitive to the inorganic constituent toxicities than adult kangaroo rats. (usgs.gov)
  • Agricultural: If thallium is released into the air as fine particles (aerosol), it has the potential to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
  • Thallium is suspected of carcinogenic potential for man. (lanl.gov)
  • Due to its potential toxicity, it is the primary contaminant of concern at the Kendall Mine in Montana. (vitalitydetoxdrops.com)
  • However, the material's long-term stability and potential toxicity from thallium content require careful consideration during usage and handling. (refractiveindex.info)
  • As efforts to control pollutants in emissions from coal combustion increase, so have both the volume and potential toxicity of CCW. (kyrc.org)
  • In high levels, these pose potential toxicity. (alexoratech.com)
  • In the past, thallium was used as a therapeutic agent to treat syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and ringworm, and it was also used as a depilatory for excess hair. (medscape.com)
  • however, its use has been limited because of the narrow margin between toxicity and therapeutic benefits. (lanl.gov)
  • Thallium (Tl) is a naturally occurring trace element, widely distributed all around the Earth, but at very low concentrations. (unizg.hr)