Thalamic neurons ventral thalamic nuclei. Medical search. Frequent questions

Feedforward inhibition driven by the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) has been previously observed, but its physiological function and regulation remain unknown. (researchsquare.com)
These three regions are also named "H fields": Field H1, is the thalamic fasciculus, a horizontal white matter tract composed of the ansa lenticularis, lenticular fasciculus, and cerebellothalamic tracts between the subthalamus and the thalamus. (wikipedia.org)
These fibers are projections to the ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamus from the basal ganglia (globus pallidus) and the cerebellum. (wikipedia.org)
Field H2 (synonymous with lenticular fasciculus) is also made up of projections from the pallidum to the thalamus, but these course the subthalamic nucleus (dorsal). (wikipedia.org)
There are also two somatosensory thalamocortical nuclei - that is, nuclei that transmit sensory information from the thalamus to the neocortex. (technologynetworks.com)
Diencephalic targets of ventral pallidal fibers are the lateral hypothalamus, the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, the dorsomedial part of the subthalamic nucleus, the medial part of the parafascicular nucleus and the lateral habenula. (nih.gov)
This type of axon allows internal pallidal neurons to send efferent copies of the same information to the thalamus and brainstem and hence influence various neuronal systems scattered throughout the neuraxis. (ulaval.ca)
Pallidal information is conveyed to the cerebral cortex and the striatum via the thalamus, while it is projected back to different components of the basal ganglia via the numerous reentrant pathways that arise from the pedunculopontine nucleus. (ulaval.ca)
Physiologic responses of 152 single neurons were recorded during awake mapping of the ventral thalamus in seven patients with ET prior to thalamotomy. (johnshopkins.edu)
LiCl-pilocarpine administration induced a massive neurodegeneration in several brain regions, including CA1 hippocampal subfield, habenula (lateral habenular nucleus), thalamus (ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus) and amygdala (medial amygdaloid nucleus) 24 h after SE onset (Fig. 1). (others-signal.com)
Numbers of retrogradely labelled neurons were also reduced in the ventromedial thalamus and basolateral amygdala. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
Minocycline treatment (45 mg/kg 2 h post-HI, 22.5 mg/kg daily P4-P9) attenuated losses of retrogradely labelled neurons in the dorsal raphé ventrolateral, interfascicular and ventral raphé nuclei, and the ventromedial thalamus. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
For comparison, cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and cells with a-non-uniform or sparse input of 5HT terminals in the ventral hippocamp s (VH)-, thalamus, the dorsal lateral geniculate (DLG) and reticular formation were also tested. (erowid.org)
Furthermore, the origin of the thalamocortical projections to areas PE and PEa was established, exhibiting clusters of neurons in the same thalamic nuclei as above, in other words predominantly in the caudal thalamus. (unifr.ch)
Results revealed opposing roles of the MORs and DORs regarding information flow from the thalamus to the striatum, whereby MOR activation decreased glutamate transmission in the striatum, while DOR activation facilitated glutamate transmission via disinhibition of cortical pyramidal neurons. (elifesciences.org)
It is widely accepted that corticothalamic neurons recruit the thalamus in slow oscillation, but global slow-wave thalamocortical dynamics have never been experimentally shown. (ulaval.ca)
We found that, on average, slow-wave active states started off within frontal cortical areas as well as higher-order and intralaminar thalamus (posterior and parafascicular nuclei) simultaneously. (ulaval.ca)
explore these questions by comparing astrocytes and neurons from developing cortex and thalamus in mice. (biologists.com)
They dissected the cortex (primary somatosensory region, S1) and three nuclei of the thalamus (dorsolateral geniculate dLG, ventral posteromedial VPM and ventro-medial geniculate MGv nuclei), processed the samples in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, which isolated GFP-GFAP-positive astrocytes and performed bulk RNA-sequencing for each of the regions (Fig.1). (biologists.com)
Analysis of a recent single cell dataset in juvenile mouse containing both neurons and astrocytes from the cortex and thalamus 3 confirmed their findings. (biologists.com)
The authors next explore the clonal origin of neurons and astrocytes in the thalamus by performing a series of in utero electroporation with a battery of plasmids encoding different fluorofores under the control of GFAP promoter, following transposase mediated integration ("StarTrack" 4 for the specific labelling of astrocytes) or a ubiquitous promoter. (biologists.com)
Lesions or deep brain stimulation to either the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus (Benabid et al. (science-medic.com)
Both teams aimed at the same target, the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus (VIM), but team A found a clear improvement of choreic peak dose dyskinesias, whereas team B did not consistently. (bmj.com)
IGP)), and thalamus (including the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) and ventral lateral thalamic nucleus (VL)) ( Enard, 2011, Takahashi et al. (erksignal.com)

In the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) drives feedforward inhibition in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) via local parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons [12]. (researchsquare.com)
The projections from the ventral pallidum to the ventral striatum, the subthalamic nucleus and adjacent lateral hypothalamic area, and the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus are distinctly topographically organized. (nih.gov)

With respect to the subthalamic region, the dorsolateral part of the ventral pallidum projects to the dorsomedial part of the subthalamic nucleus, whereas the ventromedial and ventrolateral parts of the ventral pallidum are topographically connected with the area of the lateral hypothalamus medially adjacent to the subthalamic nucleus. (nih.gov)
These studies have revealed that the striatum, the external pallidum and the subthalamic nucleus harbor several types of projection neurons endowed with a highly collateralized axon that allows these neurons to interact with most components of the basal ganglia. (ulaval.ca)
1997), and subthalamic nucleus (Hutchison et al. (science-medic.com)
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a widely accepted method for the treatment of Parkinson's disease symptoms and concerns three major targets-namely, the nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM), the internal part of the globus pallidus (GPi), and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). (bmj.com)

In contrast, delta-opioid receptor (DOR) agonists disinhibited ACC pyramidal neuron responses to MThal inputs by suppressing local feed-forward GABA signaling from parvalbumin-positive interneurons. (elifesciences.org)

We postulated that this phenomenon was primarily due to the increased failure rate of evoking action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons. (researchsquare.com)
The activity patterns of inhibitory neurons play a critical role in sculpting cortical network dynamics. (researchsquare.com)
We addressed this issue by studying LHb neurons expressing either parvalbumin (PV) or somatostatin (SOM), two markers of particular sub-classes of neocortical inhibitory neurons. (strath.ac.uk)
One powerful type of transformation comes from interactions between excitatory neurons that carry data to the neocortex and inhibitory neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus, or TRN, that regulate flow of that data. (technologynetworks.com)

Here we demonstrate that similar activity amplification occurs in mice, and that this is related to suppressed inhibition to PB neurons from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in animals of either sex. (iasp-pain.org)
We describe a novel pathway, consisting of inhibition by dynorphin, somatostatin and corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala that project to the parabrachial nucleus (PB). (iasp-pain.org)

The intradental NS raised arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). The number of Fos-IR neurons was also enhanced in thalamic ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPMN) and centrolateral nucleus (CLN) by NS to tooth. (kyobobook.co.kr)

The medial part of this ventral pallidal zone projects to the ventral tegmental area, whereas ventral and lateral parts connect with more lateral and caudal mesencephalic targets. (nih.gov)
The ventral pallidostriatal projections preserve a medial-to-lateral, a dorsal-to-ventral and, to a lesser degree, a rostral-to-caudal topography. (nih.gov)
Among the three thalamic nuclei surveyed, Vim had a significantly higher proportion of tremor neurons than did the principal somatic sensory nucleus (ventral caudal, Vc) or a pallidal recipient thalamic nucleus (ventral oral posterior, Vop). (johnshopkins.edu)
On P45 we found that retrogradely labelled neurons in the dorsal raphé dorsal, ventrolateral, interfascicular, caudal and ventral nuclei were lost after P3 HI. (fgfrinhibitors.com)

One is the first-order ventral posterior nucleus, or VP, and the other is the higher-order posterior medial thalamic nucleus, or POM. (technologynetworks.com)
Area PE sends a major projection terminating with small endings to the thalamic lateral posterior nucleus (LP), ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL), medial pulvinar (PuM) and, but fewer, to ventral lateral posterior nucleus, dorsal division (VLpd), central lateral nucleus (CL) and center median nucleus (CM), whereas giant endings formed restricted terminal fields in LP, VPL and PuM. (unifr.ch)
the lateral posterior nucleus and pulvinar (lp-pulvinar complex) are the principal thalamic nuclei associated with the elaborate development of the dorsal and ventral streams of the parietal cortex in primates. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Cells in the amygdala, ventral lateral geniculate (VLG), the subiculum and the optic tectum, all of which receive projections from the raphe were tested for their response to microlontophoretic LSD and 5HT and i.v. LSD. (erowid.org)

Avendaño C, Rausell E, Reinoso-Suarez F (1985) Thalamic projections to areas 5a and 5b of the parietal cortex in the cat: a retrograde horseradish peroxidase study. (yale.edu)
Within target areas, various combinations of these four projections were defined based on specific 3D spatial patterns, reflecting anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and core-capsular relationships. (nature.com)
The efferent projections of the ventral pallidum in the rat were studied using anterograde tracing of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin and retrograde tracing of choleratoxin subunit B. The main aim of this study was to determine the degree of topographical organization in the outputs of the ventral pallidum. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, neuroinflammation has a role in the disruption of raphé and thalamic neural projections. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
They further indicate that a sensory pathway does not merely consist on a three-neuron chain that links the vibrissae to the cerebral cortex, but that it also involves specific sets of topographically related corticothalamic and reticular thalamic projections. (ulaval.ca)

In the mesencephalon, ventral pallidal fibers terminate in the ventral tegmental area, the substantia nigra, the retrorubral area, the median raphe nucleus, the nucleus raphe magnus, the peribrachial area, the ventromedial part of the central gray substance and the locus coeruleus. (nih.gov)
First, there is a minority of "limbic" pallidal neurons with a poorly branched axon that arborized profusely within the lateral habenula, which stands out as the most densely innervated pallidal target. (ulaval.ca)
Second, there is a majority of pallidal "motor" neurons with a long (total axonal length up to 27 cm) and highly branched axon that provides collaterals to the ventral tiers thalamic nuclei, the brainstem pedunculopontine nucleus and the centre médian/parafascicular thalamic complex. (ulaval.ca)

Furthermore, we describe multiple sources of inhibitory input to the LHb arising from both local PV-positive neurons, from PV-positive neurons in the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus, and from SOM-positive neurons in the ventral pallidum. (strath.ac.uk)
The results of the experiments in which retrograde tracers were injected in different nuclei in the mesencephalon allow the distinction of two main areas in the ventral pallidum. (nih.gov)
Deposits of retrograde tracers in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata result in labeling of cells in the dorsolateral part of the ventral pallidum, located immediately ventral to the anterior limb of the anterior commissure. (nih.gov)
Retrograde tracer injections in other targets of the ventral mesencephalon, i.e. the dopaminergic cell groups A10, A9 or A8, or nuclei in the peribrachial area result in labeling of neurons in an extensive ventromedial and ventrolateral zone of the ventral pallidum. (nih.gov)
In contrast, the internal pallidum, which is a major output structure of the basal ganglia, contains only two types of projection neurons. (ulaval.ca)

Additionally, a subgroup of tremor neurons with proprioceptive inputs were identified that may allow sensory feedback to access the central tremor network. (johnshopkins.edu)
Sensory thalamic ventral posterior medial and lateral geniculate nuclei followed cortical active states with major inhibitory and weak tonic-like 'modulator' EPSPs. (ulaval.ca)
We conclude that sensory thalamic nuclei follow the propagating cortical waves, whereas neurons from higher-order thalamic nuclei display 'hub dynamics' and thus may contribute to the generation of cortical slow waves. (ulaval.ca)

Virtually all neurons in the centre médian thalamic nucleus innervate massively the striatum and less prominently the primary motor cortex, which in turn projects to the striatum directly or via a collateral from long-range corticofugal pyramidal axons. (ulaval.ca)
The anatomic targets include the subgenual cingulate cortex, ventral capsule/ventral striatum, nucleus accumbens, and superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle. (psychiatrist.com)

Brody CD, Hernandez A, Lemus L, Romo R (1999) Interactions between single prefrontal neurons during parametric working memory. (yale.edu)

Microglial density increases were seen in the dorsal spinal cord and in thalamic nuclei and were accompanied by elevation of phosphorylated p38 MAPK, a marker of microglial activation. (biomedcentral.com)

How hippocampus and mPFC communicate during spatial navigation and other tasks is not entirely clear, but the reuniens (Re) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei of the thalamic midline are likely facilitators. (jneurosci.org)
Berendse HW, Groenewegen HJ (1991) Restricted cortical termination fields of the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei in the rat. (yale.edu)

The goals of this protocol are to describe steps to reconstruct the morphology of virus-labeled neurons and to perform independent, unbiased, cluster analyses on populations of labeled neurons to enable comprehensive characterization of morphological metrics along distinct neuronal subclasses. (jove.com)
For human subjects, neuronal data can only be recorded with safe parameter settings on a very small proportion of neurons. (utoronto.ca)
Our data indicate that basal ganglia and related thalamic nuclei form a widely distributed neuronal network, whose elements are endowed with a highly patterned set of axon collaterals. (ulaval.ca)
To test the hypothesis that LSD indirectly inhibits raphe neurons by activating a neuronal feedback inhibitory system, a complete transection was made betweep the diencephalon and the mesencephalon. (erowid.org)
Our SPECT study revealed that neuropathic pain altered thalamic neuronal activity. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A major hypothesis posits neuronal inhibitions in nucleus accumbens generate intense motivation. (jneurosci.org)
Microinjections in nucleus accumbens of glutamate antagonist, DNQX, which might suppress local neuronal firing, generate either appetitive or defensive motivation, depending on site and environmental factors. (jneurosci.org)
Is neuronal inhibition in nucleus accumbens required for such pharmacologically-induced motivations? (jneurosci.org)

Despite the fact that thalamic efferent inputs on parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons are bifurcated from the same set of axons, their pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms tend to be stronger than those on principal neurons [1-3]. (researchsquare.com)

Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists potently inhibited MThal inputs without affecting ACC inputs to individual striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). (elifesciences.org)

Thalamic recruitment of feedforward inhibition is known to enhance the fidelity of the receptive field by limiting the temporal window during which cortical neurons integrate excitatory inputs. (researchsquare.com)
We observed greater short-term synaptic depression during disynaptic inhibition than in thalamic excitatory synapses during high-frequency activities. (researchsquare.com)
Thalamic excitatory inputs diverge on both excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons, generating disynaptic feedforward inhibition. (researchsquare.com)
Thereby, feedforward inhibition dominates the excitatory responses and limits the temporal window for integration of excitatory thalamic inputs (hereafter referred to as the "integration window") [8,9]. (researchsquare.com)
Although feedforward inhibition mediated by cortical PV neurons has been described previously [12], the mechanism underlying the modulation of feedforward inhibition during high-frequency activity has never been examined. (researchsquare.com)
Destexhe A, Contreras D, Steriade M (1998) Mechanisms underlying the synchronizing action of corticothalamic feedback through inhibition of thalamic relay cells. (yale.edu)
These processes may include synaptic fatigue leading to a functional lesion or direct inhibition of neurons reducing chaotic signals and improving the flow, while activating other pathways. (psychiatrist.com)

By using a combination of optogenetics, in vivo electrophysiology, and machine learning analysis, we find that a subset of neurons in the ACC receives S1 inputs, and activation of the S1 axon terminals increases the response to noxious stimuli in ACC neurons. (iasp-pain.org)
Chronic pain enhances this cortico-cortical connection, as manifested by an increased number of ACC neurons that respond to S1 inputs and the magnified contribution of these neurons to the nociceptive response in the ACC. (iasp-pain.org)
PB neurons in CCI-Pain animals showed a reduction in inhibitory, GABAergic inputs. (iasp-pain.org)
We show that-in both rats and mice-PB contains few GABAergic neurons, and that most of its GABAergic inputs arise from CeA. (iasp-pain.org)
MOR activation also inhibited MThal inputs to the pyramidal neurons in the ACC. (elifesciences.org)
Whereas barrel-related circuits process lemniscal inputs that transit through the thalamic barreloids, septa-related circuits process paralemniscal inputs and inputs that are relayed through the ventral lateral part of the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPMvl). (ulaval.ca)
DNQX, by blocking excitatory AMPA glutamate inputs, is hypothesized to produce relative inhibitions of NAc neurons. (jneurosci.org)

Contreras D, Curró Dossi R, Steriade M (1993) Electrophysiological properties of cat reticular thalamic neurones in vivo. (yale.edu)
Destexhe A, Contreras D, Sejnowski TJ, Steriade M (1994) Modeling the control of reticular thalamic oscillations by neuromodulators. (yale.edu)
Although a number of studies have examined response properties in the lemniscal pathway, and demonstrated that barreloids receive feedback from specific sets of corticothalamic and reticular thalamic neurons, such information is currently lacking for the VPMvl. (ulaval.ca)
Tracer injection and single-cell labeling further reveal that the VPMvl receives input from specific populations of reticular thalamic and corticothalamic neurons. (ulaval.ca)

Connors BW, Gutnick MJ (1990) Intrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocortical neurons. (yale.edu)
Brown AM, Schwindt PC, Crill WE (1993) Voltage dependence and activation kinetics of pharmacologically defined components of the high-threshold calcium current in rat neocortical neurons. (yale.edu)

We investigated Niclosamide whether brainstem raphé serotonergic neurons that project to the cortex are lost after HI. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
These results indicate that raphé neurons projecting to the cortex constitute a population of serotonergic neurons that are lost after P3 HI. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
"Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Serotonin: A-Comparison of Effects on Serotonergic Neurons and Neurons Receiving a Serotonergic Input" J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther. . (erowid.org)
The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 5HT on central serotonergic neurons and those receiving a serotonergic input have been compared. (erowid.org)

Sirt1 expression increased in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) only in stress-exposed mice that subsequently showed decreased social interaction. (jneurosci.org)
Microinjections of a glutamate AMPA antagonist (DNQX) in medial shell of nucleus accumbens (NAc) can cause either intense appetitive motivation (i.e., 'desire') or intense defensive motivation (i.e., 'dread'), depending on site along a flexible rostrocaudal gradient and on environmental ambience. (jneurosci.org)
These results may be relevant to roles of nucleus accumbens mechanisms in pathological motivations, including addiction and paranoia. (jneurosci.org)
Localized neuropharmacological glutamate blockade at sites in the medial shell of nucleus accumbens (NAc), by microinjections of the glutamate AMPA antagonist, DNQX, produce either intense appetitive behavior or fearful behavior. (jneurosci.org)

Contreras D, Destexhe A, Sejnowski TJ, Steriade M (1996) Control of spatiotemporal coherence of a thalamic oscillation by corticothalamic feedback. (yale.edu)
Deschêenes M, Hu B (1990) Electrophysiology and Pharmacology of the Corticothalamic Input to Lateral Thalamic Nuclei: an Intracellular Study in the Cat. (yale.edu)

These findings are not consistent with a model of continuous olivo-cerebellar driving of the motor cortex through thalamic connections. (johnshopkins.edu)
Fifteen days after implant, cortical grafts will also produce a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent survival factor for claustral neurons that project to the occipital cortex (Trupp et al. (org.es)
Alzheimer C, Schwindt PC, Crill WE (1993) Modal gating of Na+ channels as a mechanism of persistent Na+ current in pyramidal neurons from rat and cat sensorimotor cortex. (yale.edu)
Berger B, Febvret A, Greengard P, Goldman-Rakic PS (1990) DARPP-32, a phosphoprotein enriched in dopaminoceptive neurons bearing dopamine D1 receptors: distribution in the cerebral cortex of the newborn and adult rhesus monkey. (yale.edu)
Vibrissal responses of thalamic cells that project to the septal columns of the barrel cortex and to the second somatosensory area. (ulaval.ca)

During spatial navigation tasks, theta-frequency (∼8 Hz) oscillations in the local field potential of mPFC are in sync with those in hippocampus, and many mPFC neurons tend to spike at a specific phase of the hippocampal theta cycle. (jneurosci.org)
Good performance on working memory trials was associated with greater phase-locking of mPFC neurons to hippocampal theta oscillations during the inter-trial delay, greater theta coherence between hippocampus and mPFC at the maze choice point, and greater phase-amplitude coupling between hippocampal theta and mPFC gamma (30-80 Hz) oscillations at the choice point. (jneurosci.org)
In cultured hippocampal neurons, Pcdh-γ immunolabeling partially overlapped with calnexin- and COPII-positive puncta in dendrites. (fgfrinhibitors.com)

Septa-projecting thalamic afferents also target the secondary somatosensory cortical area. (ulaval.ca)

This paper provides an overview of the major organizational features of the basal ganglia and related thalamic centers, as delineated by the application of single-axon or single-cell labeling procedures in primates. (ulaval.ca)
Minimally, a recep- tor includes a peripheral axon terminal of one pri- mary afferent neuron, whose cell body is sited proximally in the dorsal root ganglion. (cdc.gov)
This study describes the degenerative changes of the axon terminals making synaptic contacts with the neurons in the submucous ganglia of guinea pig small and large intestines following left or right cervical vagotomy. (shengsci.com)
Beginning at the 3rd postoperative day for the small intestines and the 5th day for the large intestines, some of the axon terminals presynaptic to the submucous neurons displayed different stages of degeneration. (shengsci.com)
Colbert CM, Johnston D (1996) Axonal action-potential initiation and Na+ channel densities in the soma and axon initial segment of subicular pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)

These effects were replicated by overexpressing Sirt1 selectively in NAc neurons that express D1 dopamine receptors, whereas overexpressing Sirt1 selectively in D2-receptor-expressing neurons did not affect these behaviors. (jneurosci.org)
There are a growing number of roles that midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons assume, such as, reward, aversion, alerting and vigor. (frontiersin.org)

Each has its own types of genetically defined neurons that are topographically segregated, are physiologically distinct and connect reciprocally with independent thalamocortical nuclei via dynamically divergent synapses. (technologynetworks.com)

Animal models of tremor and functional imaging studies in ET predict that the cerebellum and a cerebellar recipient thalamic nucleus (ventral intermediate, Vim) should exhibit oscillatory activity during rest and during tremor due to abnormal olivo-cerebellar activity. (johnshopkins.edu)

In some of the study details, the researchers first found that the somatosensory TRN has two sets of neurons. (technologynetworks.com)

Furthermore, the fetal graft may produce trophic factors or signaling cues, which are present in the brain only at early developmental stages, and should reactivate neurotropic processes in a 'dormant' host neuron populations. (org.es)

These nuclei are connected to both the mPFC and the hippocampus, and their inactivation disrupts performance on spatial working memory tasks. (jneurosci.org)
asked whether inactivating Re/Rh nuclei desynchronizes mPFC and dorsal hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)

AEV neurons were found to be highly sensitive to small light stimuli moving rapidly in a particular direction through their large receptive fields. (nih.gov)

In this paper a cortical area is described that covers approximately the posterior two-thirds of the ventral bank of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus of the cat and is called anterior ectosylvian visual area (AEV). (nih.gov)

Ahlsen G, Grant K, Lindström S (1982) Monosynaptic excitation of principal cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus by corticofugal fibers. (yale.edu)

So, the researchers sought to clarify the organization of those circuits, focusing on how first-order and higher-order thalamocortical nuclei communicate with the two subtypes of TRN neurons. (technologynetworks.com)

PD has been traditionally considered as a pure movement disorder secondary to focal degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, but, in recent years, the clinical phenotype has been better illuminated, showing that PD is a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder with motor and nonmotor features (Table 1 ) [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

We have recently reported that chronic pain is associated with amplified activity of PB neurons in a rat model of neuropathic pain. (iasp-pain.org)
We employed single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to evaluate the thalamic perfusion in patients with spontaneous neuropathic pain. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)

The number of Fos-IR neurons was increased in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) and the transitional region between Vc and subnucleus interpolaris (Vi) by NS to tooth. (kyobobook.co.kr)
Ginsenosides reduced the number of c-Fos-IR increased by NS to tooth in the trigeminal Vc and thalamic VPMN and CLN. (kyobobook.co.kr)
Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, did not block the effect of ginsenoside on the number of Fos-IR neurons enhanced by NS to tooth in the trigeminal Vc and thalamic VPMN and CLN. (kyobobook.co.kr)
In the present study, we show that in sharp contrast to the relay cells of the barreloids VPMvl neurons exhibit large multiwhisker receptive fields that are independent of input from the principal trigeminal nucleus. (ulaval.ca)
Results also suggest that the topography of receptive fields and response properties in VPMvl rely on converging input from neurons of the interpolaris trigeminal nucleus. (ulaval.ca)

This morphological feature allows a complex and exquisitely precise interaction between the various basal ganglia and related thalamic nuclei. (ulaval.ca)
These locations are involved in cortico-basal-thalamic mood-regulatory circuits. (psychiatrist.com)

2001). However, even in such reports, the donor neurons appear to establish a very limited number of connections with the host. (org.es)

During postural tremor, spectral cross-correlation analysis demonstrated that 51% of the neurons studied exhibited a concentration of power at tremor frequency that was correlated with electromyography, i.e., tremor neurons. (johnshopkins.edu)
During rest, thalamic neurons did not exhibit tremor-frequency activity. (johnshopkins.edu)
Neurons related to active movement (voluntary neurons) had significantly greater tremor-related activity than did nonvoluntary neurons. (johnshopkins.edu)
Instead ET may be facilitated by motor circuits that enable tremor-related thalamic activity during voluntary movement. (johnshopkins.edu)
Among motor symptoms and signs, the cardinal ones (bradykinesia, rest tremor, and rigidity) are mainly ascribed to the loss of dopaminergic neurons [ 4 ], but those involving posture, balance, and gait are largely secondary to degeneration of nondopaminergic pathways and significantly contribute to impairment and disability in advanced PD patients [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Bal T, von Krosigk M, McCormick DA (1995) Synaptic and membrane mechanisms underlying synchronized oscillations in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus in vitro. (yale.edu)
This suggests that either there had been successful reinnervation or new synaptic contacts had been established by sprouting from the unoperated vagus or other intrinsic neurons. (shengsci.com)
The current work determines how and where opioids modulate synaptic transmission between the thalamic, cortical and striatal regions that are important for the perception of affective pain. (elifesciences.org)

These CeA GABA neurons express dynorphin, somatostatin and/or corticotropin releasing hormone. (iasp-pain.org)
This core is surrounded by a shell of neurons that express somatostatin protein and mRNA. (technologynetworks.com)

1991) or BG nuclei (Benabid et al. (science-medic.com)

This may limit their effectiveness as the concomitant production of many inflammatory mediators continues to activate nociceptive neurons, contributing to pain hypersensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)

The intradental NS increased the number of Fos-IR neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), central cardiovascular regulation centers. (kyobobook.co.kr)

in humans, a novel site of origin for a subpopulation of pulvinar neurons has been observed, the ganglionic eminence of the telencephalon. (liverpool.ac.uk)

In cats anesthetized with a combination of N2O and barbiturate we explored this area by recording extracellularly the responses of AEV neurons to visual and electric stimulation as well as by injecting HRP into physiologically verified points. (nih.gov)
Animals with pain after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-Pain) displayed higher spontaneous and evoked activity in PB neurons, and a dramatic increase in after-discharges-responses that far outlast the stimulus-compared to controls. (iasp-pain.org)

Bal T, von Krosigk M, McCormick DA (1995) Role of the ferret perigeniculate nucleus in the generation of synchronized oscillations in vitro. (yale.edu)
Destexhe A, Babloyantz A, Sejnowski TJ (1993) Ionic mechanisms for intrinsic slow oscillations in thalamic relay neurons. (yale.edu)
Destexhe A, Bal T, McCormick DA, Sejnowski TJ (1996) Ionic mechanisms underlying synchronized oscillations and propagating waves in a model of ferret thalamic slices. (yale.edu)

Anatomy57

Organisms9

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes15

Disciplines and Occupations2

Thalamus24

Mediodorsal2

Subthalamic nucleus4

Pyramidal Neuron1

Inhibitory neurons4

Central nucleus of the amygdala2

Posteromedial1

Caudal4

Posterior nucleus3

Amygdala1

Projections5

Pallidal3

Pallidum5

Sensory3

Striatum2

Prefrontal1

Spinal Cord1

Midline2

Neuronal8

Efferent1

Medium spiny n1

Inhibition7

Inputs7

Reticular thalamic4

Neocortical neurons2

Serotonergic neurons4

Accumbens4

Corticothalamic2

Cortex5

Hippocampal3

Afferents1

Axon5

Dopamine2

Topographically1

Intermediate1

Somatosensory1

Populations1

MPFC2

Stimuli1

Anterior1

Fibers1

Thalamocortical1

Substantia nigra1

Neuropathic pain2

Trigeminal5

Basal2

20011

Tremor5

Synaptic3

Somatostatin2

19911

Nociceptive1

Ventrolateral1

Telencephalon1

Responses2

Oscillations3