The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (also known as AMPA receptor, AMPAR, or quisqualate receptor) is an ionotropic transmembrane receptor for glutamate (iGluR) that mediates fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). (wikipedia.org)
Its name is derived from its ability to be activated by the artificial glutamate analog AMPA. (wikipedia.org)
The GRIA2-encoded AMPA receptor ligand binding core (GluA2 LBD) was the first glutamate receptor ion channel domain to be crystallized. (wikipedia.org)
AMPA receptors are tetrameric glutamate‐gated ion channels that mediate a majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. (ucl.ac.uk)
Glutamate receptors (GluRs) can be categorized as ionotropic or metabotropic and subcatergorized by their agonist preferences (NMDA, AMPA or Kainic acid). (labmal.com)
ADARs have been shown to contribute to disease pathologies by editing of glutamate receptors, editing of serotonin receptors, mutations in ADAR genes, and by other mechanisms, including recently identified regulatory roles in microRNA processing. (biomedcentral.com)
1. Hollmann M, O'Shea-Greenfield A, Rogers SW, Heinemann S. (1989) Cloning by functional expression of a member of the glutamate receptor family. (guidetopharmacology.org)
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are a major subclass of ionotropic glutamate receptors at excitatory synapses in the brain. (jneurosci.org)
Subunits5
When the four subunits of the tetramer come together, this second membranous domain forms the ion-permeable pore of the receptor. (wikipedia.org)
There are four types of AMPA selective GluR subunits (GluR1, GluR2, GluR3 and GluR4). (labmal.com)
Tetrameric or pentameric combinations of different subunits contributes to the functional diversity of AMPA receptors. (labmal.com)
NMDARs are tetrameric assemblies composed of two obligatory GluN1 subunits together with varying combinations of GluN2(A-D) and GluN3(A-B) subunits. (jneurosci.org)
Although AB-type NMDARs retain sensitivity to zinc and ifenprodil, which bind with high affinity to GluN2A and GluN2B subunits respectively, these antagonists fail to produce maximal inhibition of AB-type receptors even when administered simultaneously ( Hatton and Paoletti, 2005 ). (jneurosci.org)
Subunit2
Although subunit composition of AMPA receptors varies, they must contain at least one edited GluR2 subunit to be calcium impermeable. (labmal.com)
Benzodiazepine (BZ) drugs treat seizures, anxiety, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal by potentiating γ2 subunit containing GABA type A receptors (GABAARs). (bvsalud.org)
Excitatory synapses1
In general, AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic current at most excitatory synapses, with stoichiometry characterized by subtype composition. (labmal.com)
NMDA1
It has been traditionally classified as a non-NMDA-type receptor, along with the kainate receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Pentameric1
This observation is quite surprising taking into consideration the high series identification of KCTD11 and KCTD5 POZ/BTB (KCTD5BTB) domains which evolutionary transitions from tetrameric (stage symmetry C4) to pentameric (stage symmetry C5) organizations are very improbable [1]. (cancer-pictures.org)
Agonist1
The receptor was first named the "quisqualate receptor" by Watkins and colleagues after a naturally occurring agonist quisqualate and was only later given the label "AMPA receptor" after the selective agonist developed by Tage Honore and colleagues at the Royal Danish School of Pharmacy in Copenhagen. (wikipedia.org)
Channels1
Relative calcium permeability in AMPA receptor channels may be significant in pathological neurotoxic damage and long term changes in nervous system responses. (labmal.com)
Family3
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
However, despite growing biological and clinical significance, little is known about the structural arrangement of this receptor or any of its family members. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
Disease1
To better understand the molecular changes associated with AD, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of candidate genes linked to the disease, like the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA1. (sdbonline.org)
Kainate receptors1
Here, in an attempt to obtain high-resolution information about glutamate receptor SFs, we incorporated partial SF sequences of the AMPA and kainate receptors into the bacterial tetrameric cation channel NaK, which served as a structural scaffold. (bvsalud.org)
Glutamate receptors2
Ionotropic glutamate receptors are ligand-gated cation channels that play essential roles in the excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the central nervous system. (bvsalud.org)
A number of open-pore structures of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors became available recently by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). (bvsalud.org)
Ionotropic1
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (also known as AMPA receptor, AMPAR, or quisqualate receptor) is an ionotropic transmembrane receptor for glutamate (iGluR) that mediates fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS). (wikipedia.org)
Fast synaptic1
In general, AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic current at most excitatory synapses, with stoichiometry characterized by subtype composition. (scientificlabs.co.uk)
Heteromeric1
Secondly, CPT1C enhanced whole-cell currents of GluA1 homomeric and GluA1/GluA2 heteromeric receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Amino1
To perform their physiological functions, amino methyl propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) cycle through active, resting, and desensitized states, and dysfunction in AMPAR activity is associated with various neurological disorders. (bvsalud.org)
AMPARs2
Amongst iGluRs, the AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are essential as they mediate 90% of the fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). (frontiersin.org)
Of the multiple proteins that transiently interact with AMPARs and that determine their trafficking, synaptic targeting and recycling in neurons, some special attention must be given to transmembrane proteins that form integral part of the functional receptor. (frontiersin.org)
AMPAR1
We established that increased surface GluA1 receptor number was responsible for the enhanced AMPAR mediated currents in the presence of CPT1C. (frontiersin.org)
Combinations1
The association of kainate receptor ATD dimers is generally weaker than the association of AMPA receptor ATD dimers, but both show a general pattern of increased heterodimer stability as compared to the homodimers of their constituents, matching well physiologically observed receptor combinations. (nih.gov)
Allosteric2
Their physiological activity was studied by radioligand-receptor binding analysis using [3H]PAM-43 as a reference ligand, which is a highly potent positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors. (bvsalud.org)
The results of radioligand-binding studies indicated the high potency of two synthesized compounds to bind with the same targets as positive allosteric modulator PAM-43 (at least on AMPA receptors). (bvsalud.org)
Protein2
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
Structural2
Moreover, previously unobserved structural asymmetry of the SF was revealed by the X-ray structures and MD simulations, implying its importance in ion non-selectivity of tetrameric cation channels. (bvsalud.org)
However, despite growing biological and clinical significance, little is known about the structural arrangement of this receptor or any of its family members. (uci.edu)
Channel1
The GRIA2-encoded AMPA receptor ligand binding core (GluA2 LBD) was the first glutamate receptor ion channel domain to be crystallized. (wikipedia.org)
Memory2
Neurotransmission through dopamine D1 receptors is required for aversive memory formation and Arc activation in the cerebral cortex. (niigata-u.ac.jp)
Here, we investigated the role of dopaminergic neurotransmission via dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) in aversive memory formation in a passive avoidance test using D1R knockdown (KD) mice, in which the expression of D1Rs can conditionally and reversibly be controlled by doxycycline (Dox) treatment. (niigata-u.ac.jp)
Specific1
We suggest that the Glu-dependent specific binding site of [3H]PAM-43 or the receptor containing this site may be one of the targets of the new compounds. (bvsalud.org)
Domain1
This antibody recognizes the cytoplasmic domain of Glutamate Receptor 2. (scientificlabs.co.uk)