• The methods of constant stimuli, limits, and adjustment can be used to test the participants, but method of limits is most commonly used in research conducted using the rod and frame task. (wikipedia.org)
  • Behavioral tests, which used sets of training colors in various configurations in combination with food stimuli dispensed from a specific test color, confirmed model predictions that chartreuse yellow is indistinguishable from white. (in-fisherman.com)
  • Although many studies have shed light on how perception corresponds to neural activity, a causal relationship between the occurrence of particular neural events and the perception of sensory stimuli has yet to be established. (europa.eu)
  • Among them are assumptions about perceptual capabilities with relation to the testing stimuli. (abainternational.org)
  • infant perception , process by which a human infant (age 0 to 12 months) gains awareness of and responds to external stimuli. (britannica.com)
  • In a visual-search task, for example, a stimulus can be perceptually more salient or prominent because of its visual properties (e.g., color, motion, orientation, size) and can thus attract more attention as opposed to other stimuli in the visual scene, facilitating its recognition (for review, see Wolfe & Horowitz, 2017 ). (escholarship.org)
  • In a visual water task, the mice were trained to swim toward a submerged platform on the basis of visual stimuli on a computer monitor. (newswise.com)
  • Does visual perceptual testing correlate with caregiver and teacher reported functional visual skill difficulties in school-aged children? (visionmechanic.net)
  • Such gaze shifts are themselves a source of powerful retinal stimulation, and so the visual system appears to have evolved mechanisms to maintain perceptual stability during movements of the eyes in space. (jneurosci.org)
  • Importantly, because our model can be characterized by a simple closed-form expression, it also makes specific predictions about the outcome of future psychophysical experiments and the characteristics of brain structures that might be involved in perceptual estimates of the metrics of visual space. (jneurosci.org)
  • After ten hours of training, they not only improved their perceptual abilities significantly, but also increased the accuracy of their visual working memory by about ten percent - bringing them up to the level of younger adults. (ucsf.edu)
  • Bayesian theories of perception resolve this discrepancy by assuming that prior knowledge about the causes underlying sensory stimulation actively shapes perceptual decisions. (jneurosci.org)
  • We tested the perceptual contrast hypothesis in three language - production experiments. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, the visual information that our eyes receive is sent to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. (cognifit.com)
  • Specifically, we propose to use two-photon calcium imaging to recognize single neurons with particular functional properties in mouse visual cortex and accurately identify their location within the network. (europa.eu)
  • Here, we performed two-photon population calcium imaging in L2/3 primary visual cortex (V1) of headfixed mice performing a visual detection task while simultaneously activating specific groups of neurons using targeted two-photon optogenetics during low contrast visual stimulation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Although "high-level" predictions about the cue-target contingency correlated with activity in supramodal regions such as orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus, dynamic "low-level" predictions about the conditional target probabilities were associated with activity in retinotopic visual cortex. (jneurosci.org)
  • We show that "high-level" predictions about the strength of dynamic cue-target contingencies during crossmodal associative learning correlate with activity in orbitofrontal cortex and the hippocampus, whereas "low-level" conditional target probabilities were reflected in retinotopic visual cortex. (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, the brain scans revealed connections between a brain area involved in beliefs, the orbitofrontal cortex, and an area involved in visual processing, the visual cortex. (livescience.com)
  • Increasing retinal ganglion cell survival rates translated into greater likelihood of preserved visual function, according to cell activity measured by electroretinogram and patterns of activity in the visual cortex. (newswise.com)
  • In this article, we show that visual distance perception (VDP) is influenced by the auditory environmental context through reverberation-related cues. (nature.com)
  • Results of both experiments show that the auditory environment can influence VDP, presumably through reverberation cues related to the perception of room size. (nature.com)
  • We devised a crossmodal associative learning task with covertly interspersed ambiguous trials in which participants engaged in hierarchical learning based on changing contingencies between auditory cues and visual targets. (jneurosci.org)
  • Also honored at the AAS conference was Monita Chatterjee, Ph.D., Director of the Auditory Prostheses and Perception Laboratory, who received the Carhart Memorial Award. (boystownhospital.org)
  • To further our understanding of how meter perception has evolved, we test if meter violations are equally well detected in auditory and visual rhythms. (lu.se)
  • The researchers tested people's reactions to shock and how this affected their ability to understand visual information. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • You're in the right place in this case, as our database is full of free and inspiring samples on the subject of perception, ranging from self-perception to people's perception of others and extrasensory perception superpowers. (essaywriter.org)
  • We undertook a survey of people's previous experiences of earthquakes, their perceptions of the usefulness of a hypothetical EEW system, and their intended responses to a potential warning (for example, Drop, Cover, Hold (DCH), staying still, performing safety actions). (frontiersin.org)
  • Under this assumption, the psychophysical data on perisaccadic compression can be appreciated intuitively by imagining that, around the time of a saccade, the brain confounds nearby oculomotor and sensory signals while attempting to localize the position of objects in visual space. (jneurosci.org)
  • The rod and frame test is a psychophysical method of testing perception. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding how neural activity corresponds to visual perception has been a milestone question in neuroscience research. (europa.eu)
  • Our understanding of the link between neural activity and perception remains incomplete. (biorxiv.org)
  • The people who improved the most in the visual training showed the biggest drop in neural activity - as if the brain didn't have to work as hard to take in information. (ucsf.edu)
  • Moreover, the behavioural effects depended on overall performance: when the task was challenging for the mouse, V1 activity was more closely linked to performance, and cortical stimulation boosted perception. (biorxiv.org)
  • We studied performance on tests of visual neglect and left lateral gaze after caloric stimulation in 18 patients with left-sided visual neglect after strokes. (nih.gov)
  • Dr Mary Nyangasi, who heads the National Cancer Control Programme Division at Kenya's Ministry of Health, discusses the outcome of the pilot community-based screening programme and the feasibility of rolling out HPV testing in the public sector. (who.int)
  • In this line, recent studies have shown that, even in the presence of multiple visual cues, VDP can be influenced by the visual environmental context. (nature.com)
  • When the participant is being tested using the apparatus, their head is fastened firmly in the chin rest to prevent the participant from collecting visual cues from outside of the apparatus. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings suggest that the rod and frame illusion is processed in a type of hierarchy, where visual input is at the top, then vestibular cues, and finally proprioceptive cues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stereoscopic depth cues provide information about distances of objects in near space as a function of their relative horizontal positions in the visual field. (britannica.com)
  • Dr. Lalonde's primary line of study focuses on audiovisual speech enhancement, the way listeners use visual cues on a speaker's face to help understand speech and how the use of said cues changes over development from infancy to young adulthood. (boystownhospital.org)
  • Adequate visual, motor, and cognitive abilities are needed to drive safely and require functional assessment to identify deficits. (msdmanuals.com)
  • On June 29, after no significant improvement, she was transferred to Huashan Hospital of Fudan University (Shanghai, China), to treat unresponsive fever, headaches, and visual impairment. (cdc.gov)
  • The findings suggest a way forward for developing neuroprotective therapies for glaucoma, a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. (newswise.com)
  • The term visual impairment includes the cases of total blindness and low vision. (bvsalud.org)
  • Objective: considering the shortage of special materials geared toward this public, this work aims to evaluate the popular knowledge, the perception and the daily attitudes in oral health of visual impairment carriers, aiming to provide information for future strategies in oral health education for this population. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods: a pre-tested questionnaire was applied in 48 visually impaired, envolving three thematical areas: popular knowledge, perception and everyday practices in impairment carriers' oral health. (bvsalud.org)
  • It relies on the use of a rod and frame apparatus which uses a rotating rod set inside an individually rotatable drum, allowing an experimenter to vary the participant's frame of reference and thus test for their perception of vertical. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this project we aim to establish a novel approach to meter perception that relies on pupil dilation measurement in response to meter violations, and to examine proximate and ultimate mechanisms of meter perception. (lu.se)
  • This perisaccadic compression of visual space has been the subject of much research, but few studies have attempted to relate it to specific brain mechanisms. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, in the laboratory it becomes possible to induce highly inaccurate spatial percepts that may provide insights into the brain mechanisms that underlie the perception of visual space. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus, separate perception mechanisms may exist for different types of motion. (britannica.com)
  • Results of routine laboratory testing were normal, including serology tests for HIV and hepatitis B and C, T-SPOT. (cdc.gov)
  • At least 500 test samples should be provided to enable the test laboratory to select random sets for testing. (who.int)
  • Code each test sample (a unique identifier to be assigned by the testing laboratory). (who.int)
  • Contrast sensitivity, the ability to detect luminance differences between two adjacent areas (such as stripes on a grating), is also reduced in newborns relative to adults but develops as infants gain visual experience. (britannica.com)
  • Contrast perception as a visual heuristic in the formulation of referential expressions. (bvsalud.org)
  • We hypothesize that contrast perception works as a visual heuristic , such that when speakers perceive a significant degree of contrast in a visual context, they tend to produce the corresponding adjective to describe a referent. (bvsalud.org)
  • The contrast perception heuristic supports efficient audience design, allowing speakers to produce referential expressions with minimum expenditure of cognitive resources , while facilitating the listener's visual search for the referent. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further support for the contrast perception hypothesis comes from a re- analysis of previous work , which confirmed that color contrast elicits color overspecification when detected in a given display, but not when detected across monochrome trials. (bvsalud.org)
  • Their models also predicted blue, green, and black would appear similar to bass, and behavioral tests partially supported this prediction. (in-fisherman.com)
  • Three vision-based behavioral tests also confirmed sustained visual function among the treated mice. (newswise.com)
  • Depth perception also gradually develops during the first several months. (britannica.com)
  • Writing a research paper about perception requires an in-depth understanding of the principles by which people conceive reality, how they make sense of their life experiences, and what factors shape their morale and philosophy. (essaywriter.org)
  • Tamar Gefen, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, strongly suggests having an in-depth discussion with a genetic counselor if you're considering a test. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Depth perception was confirmed by a visual cliff test based on the mouse's innate tendency to step to the shallow side of a cliff. (newswise.com)
  • We conducted a secondary analysis of text data from in-depth interviews (2014-2015) to describe HIV perceptions among a subsample of 73 deaf individuals participating in the Crane survey, Kampala, Uganda. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, we propose that perisaccadic compression is determined by the distance between the probe and saccade end point on a map that has a logarithmic representation of visual space, similar to those found in numerous cortical and subcortical visual structures. (jneurosci.org)
  • Other evidence proposed by researchers that is consistent with this is that, when participants are put on their sides to view the rod and frame task, they rely on their vision when their vestibular and proprioceptive senses are incongruent with those of their visual senses. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the study, healthy older participants trained on a computer game designed to boost visual perception. (ucsf.edu)
  • The researchers recorded participants' brain activity before and after the visual perception training, and found a direct link between improved performance and changes in brain activity. (ucsf.edu)
  • A further test showed that if participants had to multi-task during the memory testing, they did not receive the memory boost from the previous perception training. (ucsf.edu)
  • The participants then performed a task that tested their visual perception: They were shown a sphere-shaped set of dots rotating in an ambiguous direction, and asked to report which direction it was rotating at various intervals. (livescience.com)
  • Among participants ever tested for HIV (47%), most (88%) had a negative test. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present experiment, we tested the recognition of 5€and 100€ banknotes presented in the left and right visual fields. (frontiersin.org)
  • By not using metric maps, visual perception becomes a crucial asset for the vehicle. (uab.es)
  • To map the demands for executive control needed to process different metric structures we examine the effect of attention allocation on metric perception. (lu.se)
  • Our findings empirically corroborate theorizations on the role of hierarchical predictions in visual perception and contribute substantially to a longstanding debate on the link between sensory predictions and orbitofrontal or hippocampal activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Affected patients generally present with dementia preceding motor signs, particularly with visual hallucinations and episodes of reduced responsiveness. (medscape.com)
  • However, we have derived a novel formulation that captures the interaction between oculomotor and visual signals on a retinotopic map and have tested this hypothesis psychophysically across a wide range of conditions. (jneurosci.org)
  • They further suggest the need for any child with difficulties in visual perception or visual motor integration be assessed for ocular motor and binocular vision problems(1). (visionmechanic.net)
  • This study in 2005 evaluated the causes and major anatomical site of blindness and severe visual loss at a school for blind children in Isfahan province, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • Audio description (AD) provides access to audiovisual materials for people with visual impairments and blindness (BVI) and offers a richer and more detailed understanding and experience. (lu.se)
  • When the information is not collected by the eye accurately, then the next step visual signal processing will suffer as the brain did not start with the correct information. (visionmechanic.net)
  • It seems simple, but it's actually an extremely complex process that uses a number of brain structures specialized in visual perception and the different sub-components of vision. (cognifit.com)
  • The result of this information being interpreted and received by the brain is what we call visual perception, vision, or sight. (cognifit.com)
  • If improvements in a simple perception skill can transfer to a higher level function such as memory, as this research found, then other interventions might further improve brain function in aging people, the scientists say. (ucsf.edu)
  • After the training, activity had decreased in a key brain area involved in processing visual input. (ucsf.edu)
  • There are many brain fitness programs being marketed, but there has been little rigorous testing and evaluations of their effectiveness, Gazzaley said. (ucsf.edu)
  • The result confirms findings from previous studies that delusional individuals have less stable perceptions of the world. (livescience.com)
  • Our findings might not only contribute to the understanding of psychotic disorders, but help to elucidate the general principles of beliefs and perception," said study researcher Dr. Katharina Schmack, a psychiatrist at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, in Germany. (livescience.com)
  • We also present new testing procedures for objective texture similarity metrics. (merl.com)
  • Perception is a widely discussed subject in psychology, sociology, and other academic fields. (essaywriter.org)
  • Hence, subtle changes of visual properties may affect not only how speakers perceive an event but also how they describe an event. (escholarship.org)
  • In a 2005 article in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy , the authors point out the high incidence of visual deficits in children with reading and learning problems. (visionmechanic.net)
  • The findings are the first to show that practicing simple visual tasks can improve the accuracy of short-term, or "working" visual memory. (ucsf.edu)
  • Our findings are of relevance for a range of tasks that use visual materials. (escholarship.org)
  • He also tested user responses to search tasks and error messages. (onextrapixel.com)
  • Requires an understanding of the interrelationships of circuits, exercising independent judgment in performing such tasks as making circuit analyses, calculating wave forms, and tracing relationships in signal flow, using complex test instruments such as high frequency pulse generators, frequency synthesizers, distortion analyzers, and complex computer control equipment. (cjhunter.com)
  • User testing platforms can allow A/B testing of various textual elements, showing how small changes can lead to significantly different user engagement metrics. (fotolog.com)
  • The new metrics account for human visual perception and the stochastic nature of textures. (merl.com)
  • Experimental results similarity metrics demonstrate both the performance of the proposed metrics and the effectiveness of the proposed subjective testing procedures. (merl.com)
  • The accuracy of this visual information is dependent on things such as refractive state, binocular visuals skills and other cognitive factors such as attention and engagement with the test. (visionmechanic.net)
  • A focal point in a visual composition is where you want to draw the viewer's attention. (fotolog.com)
  • Eye-tracking technologies in user testing platforms can reveal these focal points, enabling you to structure your visuals around naturally attention-grabbing elements. (fotolog.com)
  • Research shows that visual attention is guided by a multitude of factors and can be user-driven as well as stimulus-driven. (escholarship.org)
  • In a non-verbal aesthetic judgement task and a pre-registered production task, we tested how the orientation of the patient relative to the agent in a visual scene affects the perception and description of the depicted transitive event. (escholarship.org)
  • A test-retest correlational design was used to assess temporal stability. (ecu.edu)
  • This approach will enable us to determine how many and which neurons are important for visual performance and assess their contribution to visual perception. (europa.eu)
  • We conclude that the tendency to overspecify color in polychrome displays is not a bottom-up effect driven by the visual salience of color as a property, but possibly a learned communicative strategy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results also demonstrate that further and more extensive research needs to be conducted in order to determine if the electronic version of the MVPT-3 is a reliable measure of visual perception. (ecu.edu)
  • Past research has found that one reason people experience the rod and frame illusion is due to visual-vestibular interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • His research interests are in human perception and electronic media, and in particular, image and video quality and compression, image and video analysis, content-based retrieval, model-based halftoning, and tactile and multimodal interfaces. (merl.com)
  • Do you need to compose a research paper on perception and have no ideas to start the project? (essaywriter.org)
  • Therefore, the topics of sensation, perception parameters, and cultural impact on perception differences can become a fruitful ground for your research. (essaywriter.org)
  • Our research reinforces that previous experience can influence earthquake-related perceptions and behaviors, but in different ways depending on the context. (frontiersin.org)
  • Human beliefs are shaped by perception, but the new research suggests delusions - unfounded but tightly held beliefs - can turn the tables and actually shape perception. (livescience.com)
  • Previous research has shown that a visual property like the position of the patient relative to the agent can affect speakers' verbalization of events. (escholarship.org)
  • In the current paper, we focus on effects of visual properties in two-dimensional, semi-realistic scenes as they are often used in language production research to elicit a one-sentence description of a depicted event (e.g. (escholarship.org)
  • Commercial videogames, such as The Grand Theft Auto have also been tested in autonomous driving research, but the privileged information that the car needs to comprehend its environment remains unavailable in videogames due to their commercial nature. (uab.es)
  • Dr. Lalonde first learned about Boys Town National Research Hospital and the Center for Hearing and Speech Perception while attending those early AAS conferences. (boystownhospital.org)
  • For future research, an interdisciplinary approach and a broader variety of methods is recommended , as well as a combination of descriptive and experimental studies to test the effect of the AD product for BVI audiences. (lu.se)
  • Project outcomes were strengthened community-academic partnerships, certification of community partners in conducting human subjects research, development of a randomized controlled design to test the intervention's efficacy, an interactive PowerPoint presentation, an informational pamphlet, the certification of 6 lay health advisors and 22 role models to provide the intervention, and an assessment tool using an audience response system. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, the areas that correlated, visual discrimination and visual memory, both rely upon and assume good visual signal acquisition. (visionmechanic.net)
  • World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the HPV DNA testing as it detects the high-risk strains of the human papilloma virus unlike tests that rely on visual inspection. (who.int)
  • No sensitive or specific blood or urine tests are currently available for DLB. (medscape.com)
  • Scientists have now come up with a new technology that involves cancer diagnosis through a simple urine test using a strip of paper, making diagnosis simple and affordable for people. (medicaldaily.com)
  • All 211 students were examined according to the modified WHO/PBL eye examination record: 70.4% were blind, 24.3% had severe visual loss and 5.3% were visually impaired. (who.int)
  • Currently, the gold standard in cognitive testing consists of a comprehensive neuropsychological exam. (chicagotribune.com)
  • 1983) and by the vocabulary test from the WAIS-III (Wechsler, 1997). (cognifit.com)
  • In his thesis " Human-computer interface design for the Chinese population " (written in *gasp* 1997) , Chinese PhD Dong JiangMin of Purdue University tested 160 Chinese subjects against an American control group, measuring user satisfaction, memory recall, performance time and errors when presented with either a horizontal or a vertical navigation menu. (onextrapixel.com)
  • Thus, we developed a visual cueing system using immersive virtual reality to improve object-centered neglect. (researchgate.net)
  • During the learning phase, the dots clearly rotated in one direction, but during the test phase, the direction was ambiguous. (livescience.com)
  • Only activation of groups of cells with similar tuning to the relevant visual stimulus led to a measurable bias of detection behaviour. (biorxiv.org)
  • The test subject was instructed to adjust the luminance to achieve a detection threshold, until he could barely perceive that a light was there. (cdc.gov)
  • We will then test the influence of induced action potentials in this functionally defined subset of neurons on visual detection performance of mice. (europa.eu)
  • Although there are numerous studies exploring ultrasound and biomarker prediction of patients at risk of pre-eclampsia, other than early detection of preeclampsia , no reliable test or symptom complex predicts the development of eclampsia. (medscape.com)
  • Other than early detection of preeclampsia, no reliable test or symptom complex predicts the development of eclampsia. (medscape.com)
  • This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. (biorxiv.org)
  • Texture is an important visual attribute both for human perception and image analysis systems. (merl.com)
  • Results of gene sequencing, serologic testing, and phylogenetic analysis of pseudorabies virus from patient with human endophthalmitis, China, 2017. (cdc.gov)
  • Nairobi - Kenya piloted a community-based cervical cancer screening in 2021 using the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing to explore ways of effectively scaling up this type of testing across the country. (who.int)
  • The results indicated that the electronic version of the MVPT-3 presents clinically acceptable test-retest reliability with a correlation coefficient of r=.81. (ecu.edu)
  • Results confirmed a dichromatic visual system with green-sensitive single cone cells and red-sensitive twin cone cells, in addition to rod cells. (in-fisherman.com)
  • A feasibility study showed 2 typical measurements for object-centered neglect tended to improve the symptom, these results provide preliminary evidence for designing successful rehabilitation programs using a visual cueing system in patients with object-centered neglect. (researchgate.net)
  • Results show that the 100€ banknote is recognized faster than the 5€ banknote in the Right Visual Field (RVF), while there is no difference in the Left Visual Field (LVF). (frontiersin.org)
  • While the average testing for HPV DNA testing turn-around time was two weeks, it took up to a month or longer to relay results to patients and link them to further management. (who.int)
  • Multiple groups have demonstrated a close relationship between cognitive function and vocabulary size, verbal fluency, and semantic ability, using conventional in-person cognitive testing. (jmir.org)
  • We have recently developed a word labeled visual analog scale (LVAS) with labels placed by the subjects, retaining the advantages of a verbal scale while offering a continuous scale that generates parametric data. (nih.gov)
  • More precisely, we seek to investigate how two visual properties, character position and character orientation, affect the description of simple transitive events such as A pushes B . Throughout the text, we will use the term 'agent,' to refer to the initiator of the event or action, and 'patient' to refer to the undergoer of the action in line with Dowty ( 1991 ). (escholarship.org)
  • In the next two subsections, we review the literature indicating that agent and patient position and agent and patient orientation are two candidates for visual properties in scenes that not only affect perception but, crucially, might also affect scene description. (escholarship.org)
  • Vision, Visual-Information Processing, and Academic Performance Among Seventh-Grade Schoolchildren: A More Significant Relationship Than We Thought? (visionmechanic.net)
  • Our ability to explore our surroundings requires a combination of high-resolution vision and frequent rotations of the visual axis toward objects of interest. (jneurosci.org)
  • Vision models indicated that the bass' dichromatic vision limits the perception of yellow coloration, so chartreuse yellow should appear similar to white. (in-fisherman.com)
  • But only 39% of preschool children have had their vision tested, which is needed to diagnose eye diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • or visual changes such as decreased visual perception, reading problems, or double vision. (medlineplus.gov)
  • They clung to the delusion that the glasses altered their vision, even though the visual evidence contradicted this idea, suggesting they used their delusional beliefs to interpret what they were seeing. (livescience.com)
  • La présente étude, conduite en 2005, évaluait les causes et les principales localisations anatomiques de la cécité et des pertes de vision sévères dans une école pour enfants aveugles de la province d'Ispahan en République islamique d'Iran. (who.int)
  • Visual perception of egocentric distance to an object (visual distance perception or VDP) has been studied since Leonardo da Vinci's times 1 until nowadays, where it remains the subject of both numerous and various studies. (nature.com)
  • The article cites several studies showing a lack of correlation between the TVPS and other tests of visual perception such as the MVPT or DTVP. (visionmechanic.net)
  • The frame of reference with respect to studies of the visual system refers to perceived reference axes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies in Perception: 95-141. (wikipedia.org)
  • Performance on this test has been used to infer visual processing problems. (visionmechanic.net)
  • User testing can reveal what kind of call-to-action triggers are most effective for your audience, allowing you to craft more effective engagement strategies. (fotolog.com)
  • This last result suggests that the information provided by the place where the subject and the target are located, which we call "environmental-context information", can also influence the perception of objects and events presented within it. (nature.com)