OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
AIDS SerodiagnosisSerologic TestsHIV InfectionsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHealth SurveysSensitivity and SpecificityAntibodies, BacterialHealth Care SurveysHIV SeropositivitySyphilis SerodiagnosisAntibodies, HelminthAntigens, BacterialAntigens, HelminthAntigens, ProtozoanImmunoglobulin MAntibodies, ProtozoanImmunoglobulin GEvaluation Studies as TopicAgglutination TestsLyme DiseaseAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeBorrelia burgdorferi GroupComplement Fixation TestsHemagglutination TestsHIV SeroprevalenceLeishmaniasis, VisceralDourineLeishmania infantumHIV SeronegativityRecombinant ProteinsCross ReactionsGlandersImmunoblottingToxoplasmosisAntibodies, FungalDog DiseasesAntibodies, ViralData CollectionParasitologyGnathostomiasisClonorchis sinensisFascioliasisReagent Kits, DiagnosticCross-Sectional StudiesEchinococcosis, PulmonaryNutrition SurveysPrevalenceUnited StatesClonorchiasisLeptospirosisHIV-1Antigens, FungalFasciolaReaginsCentral Nervous System Parasitic InfectionsTaenia soliumVeterinary MedicineSyphilisLiver Abscess, AmebicSexual BehaviorBabesiaHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeLatex Fixation TestsAnti-HIV AgentsChagas DiseaseBorreliaNeosporaBurkholderia malleiToxocariasisCysticercusEhrlichiosisFluorescent Antibody TechniqueTreponema pallidumHIV AntigensReagent StripsYawsBabesiosisMelioidosisLeptospiraFasciola hepaticaProtozoan ProteinsImmunoenzyme TechniquesGnathostomaRisk-TakingEhrlichia chaffeensisBorrelia burgdorferiSparganosisNeurocysticercosisPythiumEchinococcosisCounterimmunoelectrophoresisSalmonella paratyphi CImmunoassayFalse Positive ReactionsConvalescenceHorse DiseasesClinical Laboratory TechniquesEntamoeba histolyticaTuberculosisRisk Factors
InfectionDiagnosisAntibodyAntiretroviral therapySerological testsClinicalAntibodiesReactiveCenter for Infectious DiseasesIncidenceMethodsSurveillanceHuman immunASSAYPrevalence ratesLaboratoryPatientsTuberculosisConclusionEpidemicDetectionSamplesPositiveTransmissionBloodResultResultsPerformanceOrganIndividualsRapidNationalPresentDrugControlMajorHealthPurposes
Infection23
  • These tests have been used for various purposes, including clinical diagnosis of HIV-1 infection--for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in counseling and testing programs--for seroprevalence surveys, and for blood-donor screening. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this report is to provide guidance for interpreting Western blot test results and their use in diagnosing HIV-1 infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibodies to the HIV-1 major group-specific antigen (GAG) protein p24, and its precursor p55, are the earliest detected after infection by Western blot and tend to decrease or become undetectable with onset or progression of clinical symptoms (4-9). (cdc.gov)
  • At present, the majority of cases of HIV- Giemsa-stained smears revealed scant antimony(Glucantime)20mg/kg/day leishmaniasis co-infection reported in Leishmania amastigotes. (who.int)
  • Background: Early diagnosis and confirmation of HIV infection in newborns is crucial for expedited initiation of antiretroviral therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • citation needed] Dissemination can occur many decades after the initial infection and has been associated with high dose corticosteroids, organ transplant, any other instances and causes of immunosuppression, HIV, lepromatous leprosy, tertiary syphilis, aplastic anemia, malnutrition, advanced tuberculosis and radiation poisoning. (wikipedia.org)
  • But, in 2008, the CDC deplored the first U.S. case of transfusion-transmitted HIV infection reported since 2002 , even though the U.S. practice approximately 14 million transfusions per year. (boree.eu)
  • Among immunodeficient individuals, toxoplasmosis most often occurs in those with defects of T-cell-mediated immunity, such as those with hematologic malignancies, bone marrow and solid organ transplants, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ).In most immunocompetent individuals, primary or chronic (latent) T gondii infection is asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • The results showed that facing the HIV infection diagnosis and being willing to take care of one's health after the reagent result disclosure has different effects on subjects, depending on how the counseling takes place. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2017) Serological diagnosis of EBV infection: Comparison of two serological tests. (vircell.com)
  • Similarly, it would be necessary to study the of HPV infection is based on detection of viral DNA using dynamics of HPV-E and -L antigen-specific antibodies in different PCR-based methods or commercially available relation to their clinical and epidemiological correlates hybrid capture (HC2) test [5,6]. (sagepub.com)
  • CDC recommends that all states and territories conduct case surveillance for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as an extension of current acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance activities. (cdc.gov)
  • The expansion of national surveillance to include both HIV infection and AIDS cases is a necessary response to the impact of advances in antiretroviral therapy, the implementation of new HIV treatment guidelines, and the increased need for epidemiologic data regarding persons at all stages of HIV disease. (cdc.gov)
  • This report includes a revised case definition for HIV infection in adults and children, recommended program practices, and performance and security standards for conducting HIV/AIDS surveillance by local, state, and territorial health departments. (cdc.gov)
  • AIDS surveillance has been the cornerstone of national efforts to monitor the spread of HIV infection in the United States and to target HIV-prevention programs and health-care services. (cdc.gov)
  • Although AIDS is the end-stage of the natural history of HIV infection, in the past, monitoring AIDS-defining conditions provided population-based data that reflected changes in the incidence of HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • These advances in treatment have diminished the ability of AIDS surveillance data to represent trends in the incidence of HIV infection or the impact of the epidemic on the health-care system. (cdc.gov)
  • In response to these changes and following consultations with multiple and diverse constituencies (including representatives of public health, government, and community organizations), CDC and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) have recommended that all states and territories include surveillance for HIV infection as an extension of their AIDS surveillance activities (1,4). (cdc.gov)
  • In this manner, the HIV/AIDS epidemic can be tracked more accurately and appropriate information about HIV infection and AIDS can be made available to policymakers. (cdc.gov)
  • 3 In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons with HIV infection are at increased risk for HHV-8 infection. (hiv.gov)
  • Among MSM without HIV infection, the seroprevalence ranges from 13% to 20% and HHV-8 seroprevalence increases to 30% to 35% among MSM with HIV infection. (hiv.gov)
  • 15-18 A more marked reduction in KS incidence occurred beginning in 1996, shortly after the introduction of protease inhibitor-containing ART in the U.S. Despite these declines, KS is among the most common cancers among the AIDS population in the U.S., 19 and HIV infection increases the risk of KS several thousand fold even in the ART era. (hiv.gov)
  • Recent reports of KS occurring at higher CD4 cell counts in the United States 26,27 suggest that clinicians caring for patients with HIV should be vigilant for the clinical manifestations of KS in patients at risk of HHV-8 infection, regardless of CD4 cell count. (hiv.gov)
Diagnosis6
  • The first HIV-positive diagnosis among injecting drug users (IDU) in Glasgow was made in 1985. (nih.gov)
  • The diagnosis is made by blood and stool tests. (wikipedia.org)
  • The (1,3){beta}-D-glucan test as an aid to early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation. (acciusa.com)
  • 2017) Comparison of ELISA IgM and IgG test kits in the diagnosis of measles. (vircell.com)
  • Until now, serological [27,28], including immune-suppression due to HIV infec- studies have had little to offer in diagnosis of HPV infec- tion [25,29]. (sagepub.com)
  • kappa value, 0.76) with the results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of specific IgM antibodies, a test which is often used in the laboratory diagnosis of current or recent leptospirosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibody8
  • The development of sensitive and specific tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progressed rapidly after this retrovirus was identified as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
  • Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is the most widely used serologic test for detecting antibody to HIV-1. (cdc.gov)
  • Serum samples that are repeatedly reactive in the EIA for HIV-1 antibody are then retested with a supplemental and more specific test, the most common of which is the Western blot (1-3). (cdc.gov)
  • Any HIV antibody from the patient's serum is detected by an antihuman immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody conjugated with an enzyme that in the presence of substrate will produce a colored band. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC's Model Performance Evaluation Program: assessment of the quality of laboratory performance for HIV-1 antibody testing. (cdc.gov)
  • They include assays for HIV SEROPOSITIVITY and HIV SERONEGATIVITY that have been developed for screening persons carrying the viral antibody from patients with overt symptoms of AIDS or AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX. (bvsalud.org)
  • When he arrived at his former health system, they were only testing for hepatitis delta antigen rather than the hepatitis delta antibody (anti-HDV), which is the appropriate initial test to perform. (hepb.org)
  • HIV-positive women showed significantly less (66.7%) antibody response as compared with HIV-negative women (89.3%), with particularly impaired response to L antigens. (sagepub.com)
Antiretroviral therapy1
  • The overall prevalence of KS in the U.S. was as high as 30% among patients with AIDS prior to the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). (hiv.gov)
Serological tests1
  • Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. (lookformedical.com)
Clinical7
  • In contrast, antibodies to the envelope (ENV) precursor protein gp160 and the final ENV proteins (gp120 and gp41) can be detected in specimens from virtually all HIV-infected persons regardless of clinical stage (4-9). (cdc.gov)
  • However, participation in such PT programmes assists improves test performance and result accuracy.Objective: This study assessed how well 11 government hospital laboratories performed 18 basic clinical chemistry tests and identified areas needing improvement.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out by the Division of Laboratories of the Ministry of Health of Togo from 01 July 2016 to 31 December 2016. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments criteria were used in evaluating the laboratories, and their success rates were compared with the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa's target of 80%.Results: The overall rate of acceptable results at the laboratories was over 80% for glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and triglycerides tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, these findings may aid in clinical management and should be considered in the aftercare of patients. (scielo.br)
  • One of the challenges in providing accurate prevalence data is knowledge about appropriate testing, which Dr. Weisberg recalls encountering in his clinical career. (hepb.org)
  • Objectives: The objective was to assess the clinical and epidemiological correlates of HPV- seroreactivity in a cohort of HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. (sagepub.com)
  • Methods: Seroreactivity of 96 women, evaluated in an ELISA test based on denatured HPV16 late (L) and early (E) antigens, was correlated with their clinical and epidemiological data previously collected for a multi-centre Italian study, HPV-PathogenISS study. (sagepub.com)
Antibodies1
  • Immunologic tests for identification of HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
Reactive1
  • Confirmatory testing must be done for all children with a reactive HIV PCR result. (bvsalud.org)
Center for Infectious Diseases1
  • Reported by: Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors and AIDS Program, Center for Infectious Diseases, Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control* The Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors (ASTPHLD) and CDC have collaborated in preparing this report. (cdc.gov)
Incidence2
  • However, recent advances in HIV treatment have slowed the progression of HIV disease for infected persons on treatment and contributed to a decline in AIDS incidence. (cdc.gov)
  • 20 Notably, KS is a common cancer in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 21 fueled in part by the HIV pandemic, and incidence has not declined in regions of sub-Saharan Africa where ART coverage is increasing but incomplete. (hiv.gov)
Methods1
  • Operational methods of HIV testing in emergency departments: a systematic review. (ucdenver.edu)
Surveillance4
  • However, for surveillance purposes, CDC will accept results obtained from NAA tests approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used according to the approved product labeling on the package insert. (cdc.gov)
  • Expanded surveillance will provide additional data about HIV-infected populations to enhance local, state, and federal efforts to prevent HIV transmission, improve allocation of resources for treatment services, and assist in evaluating the impact of public health interventions. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC will provide technical assistance to all state and territorial health departments to continue or establish HIV and AIDS case surveillance systems and to evaluate the performance of their surveillance programs. (cdc.gov)
  • Although HIV/AIDS case surveillance represents only one component among multiple necessary surveillance strategies, this report focuses primarily on CDC's recommendation to implement HIV case reporting nationwide. (cdc.gov)
Human immun1
  • Derivation and validation of the Denver Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) risk score for targeted HIV screening. (ucdenver.edu)
ASSAY3
  • The Western blot assay is a method in which individual proteins of an HIV-1 lysate are separated according to size by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (cdc.gov)
  • Duffner, U., Abdel-Mageed, A., Dahl, K., Fogg, G., and Hester, J. (2011) Serum (1→3)-ß-D-glucan levels (Fungitell assay) is not useful as a screening test for recipients of an allogeneic HSCT while on immunoglobulin replacement. (acciusa.com)
  • We performed a multicenter evaluation of a robust and easily performed dipstick assay for the serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Prevalence rates1
  • Anonymously-tested saliva samples obtained from respondents revealed prevalence rates of 1.8%, 1.2% and 1.0% in 1990, 1991 and 1992 respectively. (nih.gov)
Laboratory1
  • The patients were grouped as laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis case patients and noncase patients based on the results of culturing and the microscopic agglutination test. (ox.ac.uk)
Patients4
  • The CD4 count of the patient by L. tropica in patients with HIV in- inoculation. (who.int)
  • Dr. Weisberg was a co-author on a study that looked back through electronic medical records (EMRs) for all hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HbSAg+) patients at his former health system to identify how common hepatitis delta virus (HDV) testing and prevalence were. (hepb.org)
  • Across the entire health system only about 12% of HbSAg+ patients were tested for delta and among those individuals there was a 4% positive rate for HDV (Nathani et al. (hepb.org)
  • Payer status, race/ethnicity, and acceptance of free routine opt-out rapid HIV screening among emergency department patients. (ucdenver.edu)
Tuberculosis1
  • A survey by questionnaire was resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB), conducted among residents of Dak References i.e. (cdc.gov)
Conclusion1
  • The overall performance of the laboratories by cycles varied from 71% to 82%.Conclusion: This national PT programme identified the tests, which laboratories must improve their performance (urea, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin, cholesterol, total protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus). (bvsalud.org)
Epidemic1
  • As a consequence, the capacity of local, state, and federal public health agencies to monitor the HIV epidemic has been compromised (1-3). (cdc.gov)
Detection1
  • 2020) Comparison of the performance of two Galactomannan (GLM) detection tests: Platelia Galactomannan (Bio-Rad) and Galactomannan Virclia (Vircell). (vircell.com)
Samples1
  • Paired samples from 27.7% of the subjects were tested. (ox.ac.uk)
Positive4
  • The currently licensed Du Pont Western blot test specifies that the test result should be interpreted as positive only when the detected bands include p24 and p31, and gp41 or gp120/160 (12) (see Table 2). (cdc.gov)
  • 4 ]. The cutaneous form of leishma- userwithmanytattoos,knownfor5 cies of L. infantum (MCAN/IR/96/ niasisisseenin2forms:anthroponotic months to be HIV-positive and with a LON49), L. tropica (MHOM/IR/99/ and zoonotic. (who.int)
  • And if the usual screening tests can take up to six weeks to become positive, the blood services are now using a diagnostic technique ( NAT ), which turns positive from the twelfth day (and never beyond 3 weeks ) following a possible contamination. (boree.eu)
  • Dr. Weisberg mentioned that his current health system does not have the HDV test set up as a reflex test (automatic testing for HDV when one tests positive for HBV, using the same blood sample) straight from HbSAg+ to anti-HDV and from anti-HDV to confirmatory HDV RNA, but they are working on getting that established. (hepb.org)
Transmission1
  • It is perhaps worth recalling that the transmission of HIV by transfusion has been a tragedy but that this problem is now clearly under control. (boree.eu)
Blood1
  • Serodiagnosis using recombinant highlight the need for timely drug blood. (cdc.gov)
Result1
  • It is important that an intersubjective relationship of support be established at the moment of the reagent HIV result disclosure, so that counseling can fulfi ll its strategic function of focusing on the specifi c problem and the healthiest resources from the individual. (bvsalud.org)
Results1
  • The study involved 14 subjects interviewed after their test results were dis- closed. (bvsalud.org)
Performance1
  • The test performance was evaluated using panels provided by One World Accuracy, Canada (Vancouver). (bvsalud.org)
Organ1
  • HHV-8 is etiologically associated with all forms of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) including classic, endemic, transplant-related, and AIDS-related, as well as rare neoplastic disorders (primary effusion lymphoma [PEL] and solid organ variants) and the lymphoproliferative disorder known as multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). (hiv.gov)
Individuals1
  • From this group, 387 individuals underwent a repeat examination conducted by the survey reference examiner. (cdc.gov)
Rapid2
  • The findings reported here suggest that implementing harm-reduction measures when prevalence is low may inhibit the rapid dissemination of HIV. (nih.gov)
  • Comparison of enhanced targeted rapid HIV screening using the Denver HIV risk score to nontargeted rapid HIV screening in the emergency department. (ucdenver.edu)
National2
  • Background: A national proficiency test (PT) programme is not currently implemented in most low-income countries. (bvsalud.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Following implementation in 2009-2010 to the oral health component for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a full-mouth periodontal examination was continued during 2011-2014. (cdc.gov)
Present1
Drug2
  • To date, only one commercial Western blot test (Du PontPr) has been licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (cdc.gov)
  • feces and might be bitten during bat drug susceptibility testing tools are org/10.1128/JCM.00693-06 hunting. (cdc.gov)
Control1
  • We tested two DNA extraction protocols for the control of efficient yields and viral detections. (bvsalud.org)
Major1
  • Table 1 lists the major structural proteins coded for by the HIV genome. (cdc.gov)
Health1
  • He notes that it is difficult to keep health care providers motivated to screen when the number of those with hepatitis delta is so low, and that creative solutions like automatic EMR suggestions may increase the likelihood of testing. (hepb.org)
Purposes1
  • Importantly, this association did not loose its significance when controlled for Page 1 of 9 (page number not for citation purposes) Infectious Agents and Cancer 2008, 3:9 http://www.infectagentscancer.com/content/3/1/9 confounding from age (continuous variable) in multivariate analysis or using Mantel-Haenszel test for age-groups. (sagepub.com)