Terminal amino acids in vivo. Medical search. Frequent questions

Subsequently, we used the Gcd− selection to identify domains/residues in eIF2 and tRNAi, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, and residues of 18S rRNA located near the 'P' decoding site of the 40S subunit, that participate in rapid TC recruitment in vivo (Figure 1A). (nih.gov)
the modulation of epitope immunodominance and the processing and presentation of HIV peptides for MHC class I recognition were shown to be dependent on flanking residues that were N terminal to the natural epitopes (see the related article beginning on page 3563). (jci.org)
The monoclonal antibody recognized best human chorionic gonadotropin (0.3 mlU of hormone/tube with B/B 0 75%), but also bound Β and a subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin, 12 and 800 folds lower than human chorionic gonadotropin respectively No binding was observed with carboxy terminal peptides of Β-human chorionic gonadotropin ranging from 93 to 145 amino acid residues, indicating the lack of recognition of the C-terminal region. (ias.ac.in)
Conjugation at lysine residues is the most prevalent, although conjugation of two glutamine residues, as well as the N-terminal aspartic acid residue is observed. (cdc.gov)
A particular challenge is the synthesis of oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs), which catalyze the attachment of glycans to specific amino acid residues in target proteins. (biorxiv.org)
Both proteins have abundance of positively charged amino acid residues and a high isoelectric point. (ciccartuja.es)
In this study, we analyse the IF amino acid residues involved in GS inactivation by a mutational approach, both in vitro and in vivo . (ciccartuja.es)
This peptide is produced through processing from the C-terminal portion in the pre-proprotein consisting of 77 amino acid residues and exists in multiple molecular forms. (phoenixbiotech.net)
A region of 13 amino acid residues, corresponding to the amino-terminal portion of the alpha2 helix, is missing in the electron density map, suggesting an area of structural flexibility that may be involved in ligand binding. (rcsb.org)
and CS-HA1Delta14(COOH) and CS-HA1Delta49 (COOH), in which 14 residues (Glu(354)-Asp(367)) and 49 residues (Asp(319)-Asp(367)), respectively, were deleted at the carboxy-terminal. (unipd.it)
The functional amino acid residues in these proteins have been previously identified using in vitro and in silico experimentation in different biomineralization systems. (elsevierpure.com)
In this study, we have demonstrated a defect in the specific region or substituted acidic amino acid residues in the Mms6 protein for observing their effect on magnetite biomineralization in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
Moreover, single amino acid substitutions at Asp123, Glu124, or Glu125 in the C-terminal region of Mms6 clearly indicated that these amino acid residues had a direct impact on magnetite crystal morphology. (elsevierpure.com)
Thus, these consecutive acidic amino acid residues were found to be core residues regulating magnetite crystal morphology. (elsevierpure.com)
While some N-terminal residues result in metabolically stable proteins, other, so-called destabilizing residues, lead to rapid protein turnover. (maynoothuniversity.ie)
The N-end rule pathway, which mediates the recognition and degradation of proteins with N-terminal destabilizing residues, is present in all organisms examined, including prokaryotes. (maynoothuniversity.ie)
This protein degradation pathway has a hierarchical organization in which some N-terminal residues, called primary destabilizing residues, are directly recognized by specific ubiquitin ligases. (maynoothuniversity.ie)
Using both tobacco and Arabidopsis, we identified the complete sets destabilizing and stabilizing N-terminal residues. (maynoothuniversity.ie)
We also characterized the hierarchical organization of the plant N-end rule by identifying and determining the specificity of two distinct N-terminal amidohydrolases (Nt-amidases) of Arabidopsis that are essential for the destabilizing activity of the tertiary destabilizing residues Asn and Gln. (maynoothuniversity.ie)

THe OTCase lost most of its homotropic cooperativity and gained anabolic activity when residue glutamic acid (Glu) 106, near the CP binding site, was replaced by alanine (Ala) or glycine (Gly). (europa.eu)
IF7 is a natively unfolded, 65-residue-long protein, homologous to the carboxy-terminal region of IF17. (ciccartuja.es)
Furthermore, in vitro analysis of a truncated IF17 protein without the 82-residue-long amino-terminal part, together with the analysis of a Synechocystis strain expressing a chimeric protein, containing this amino-terminal part of IF17 fused to IF7, demonstrates that amino-terminal region of IF17 mostly confers a higher stability to this protein. (ciccartuja.es)
This latter fragment may also undergo a pyroglutamylation at the level of its N-terminal glutamine residue. (phoenixbiotech.net)
The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal amino acid residue. (maynoothuniversity.ie)
Specifically, the reaction products with the N-terminal valine residue of the hemoglobin protein chains (N-[2-carbamoyl ethyl] valine and N-[2-hydroxycarbamoyl-ethyl] valine EO adducts) are measured. (cdc.gov)
Quantitation of hemoglobin adducts of EO is performed using octapeptides with the same amino acid sequence as the N-terminal of the beta-chain of hemoglobin with EO attached at the valine residue. (cdc.gov)

We further provided evidence that IL-37 inhibited effectively tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo . (nature.com)
This broad binding ability gives vMIP-II powerful anti-inflammatory properties, which have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. (omicsonline.org)
It neutralized the bio-activity of human chorionic gonadotropin both in vitro and in vivo . (ias.ac.in)

We identified 78 amino acid sequences from self proteins presented in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients, some of which were well-known autoantigens such as vimentin and ATP synthase. (jci.org)
They are large "platform" or "hub" proteins (c.2500 amino acids) that assemble a complex containing a number of histone deacetylase enzymes. (esrf.fr)
We mapped the regions in the three proteins required for interaction and demonstrated that the amino-terminal domain of TBL1 (TBL1-NTD) is able to bind both GPS2 and SMRT forming a ternary complex. (esrf.fr)
In addition to the amino-terminal tetramerisation domain, TBL1 contains a C-terminal WD40 domain that could potentially bind to histone tails and to intact nucleosomes, since such domains have been observed in this role in other proteins. (esrf.fr)

Apelin gene encodes a pre-proprotein of 77 amino acids, with a signal peptide in the N-terminal region. (phoenixbiotech.net)

RSK2 phosphorylated NFAT3 in vitro (Km=3.559 microM), and activation of NFAT3 by RSK2 enhanced the promoter activity of NFAT3 downstream target genes in vivo. (nih.gov)

BCAM produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 755 amino acids (32-547a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 83.2kDa. (neuromics.com)

CDK8 can directly interact with Mad in vitro through the linker region between the DNA-binding MH1 (Mad homology 1) domain and the carboxy terminal MH2 (Mad homology 2) transactivation domain. (sdbonline.org)
Summary of studies investigating the roles of the carboxy- and the amino terminal domains of the soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme. (frontiersin.org)
A chimeric CS-HA1, obtained by adding the nine-amino-acid viral epitope hemagglutinin (HA1) to the carboxy-terminal of CS and shown to be correctly segregated to skeletal muscle jSR in vivo (A. Nori, K. A. Nadalini, A. Martini, R. Rizzuto, A. Villa, and P. Volpe, 1997, Am. J. Physiol. (unipd.it)

In this study, we found that EKL1C also exhibited broad-spectrum fusion inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by interacting with the N-terminal heptad repeat 1 (HR1) of viral gp41 to block six-helix bundle (6-HB) formation. (bvsalud.org)

MLL-fusions represent a large group of leukemia drivers, whose diversity originates from the vast molecular heterogeneity of C-terminal fusion partners of MLL. (nature.com)
Characterization of the haptenation of the model protein, human serum albumin (HSA), by 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) resulted in the observation of a variety of reactive chemistries, including direct conjugation, hydrolysis, inter- and intra-molecular cross linking, and polymerization of the diisocyanate upon a reactive amino acid site. (cdc.gov)
However, the molecular mechanism of cofilin recruitment to actin networks during dynamic actin-mediated processes in living cells and cofilin's precise in vivo functions have not been determined. (rupress.org)
The molecular determinants of cofilin recruitment to actin filaments in vivo have not been fully investigated. (rupress.org)
Recombinant myostatin propeptide contains 244 amino acids with a molecular mass of 27.8 kDa. (avivaswiss.com)

Two of these environment, pathogens must be able to regulate the neces- methods, signature-tagged mutagenesis and in vivo sary genes in coordination as they move from the environ- expression technology, do not directly measure gene ment to the host and from one host niche to another. (cdc.gov)
Functionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated single amino acid mutagenesis of the head domain blunted MYC expression and MEK phosphorylation, and abrogated triple-negative breast cancer in vivo tumour growth. (tuni.fi)

The major proteolytic cleavage sites and a processing scheme were deduced from N-terminal amino-acid sequences of the MSP-1 breakdown products. (lancs.ac.uk)
They are activated by proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal region in the extracellular compartment. (medscape.com)

The anti-tumour action of the two antibodies prevents the establishment of DU145 cell tumour in nude mice in vivo. (ias.ac.in)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)

Ectopic expression in mouse cells and CRISPR/Cas9 base editing of endogenous AGS loci revealed causal roles of one AGS-specific amino acid substitution in mediating cytoprotection by AGS ATP5G1. (elifesciences.org)

It contains a short N-terminal cytoplasmic tail (aa 1‑31) and a 21 aa transmembrane region. (rndsystems.com)
BCAM contains five extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. (neuromics.com)

Preferred conjugation sites include the N-terminal amine, Lys199, and so-called dilysine (KK) motifs, all of which are expected to have lower pKa values than that of the free lysine amino acid. (cdc.gov)

Roles of neuroactive amino acids in ammonia neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)

Myostatin occurs as inactive form and requires protease cleavage in NH2-terminal to be activated. (avivaswiss.com)
Cleavage sites are serotype-specific, with the exception of BoNT/F5, which cleaves between amino acids 54 L and 55 E, four amino acids different from the standard BoNT/F cleavage site of 58 Q and 59 K 13 . (cdc.gov)

As antibodies binding to spike receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain demonstrate diminished neutralization potency in vitro against some emerging variants, updated mAb cocktails targeting highly conserved regions, enhancement of mAb potency or adjustments to the spike sequences of vaccines may be needed to prevent loss of protection in vivo. (cdc.gov)

A derivative that lacks this domain, while it cannot repress the endogenous fushi tarazu gene, can still reduce the activity of the fushi tarazu autoregulatory enhancer, suggesting that it competes with endogenous Fushi Tarazu for binding sites in vivo. (biologists.com)
Using a gene editing tool to selectively substitute some of the building blocks, also known as amino acids, that make up the ATP5G1 protein revealed that improvements to the mitochondria were caused by switching specific amino acids. (elifesciences.org)
Analysis of the gene deletion mutants and transformants of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 expressing partially truncated Mms6 protein revealed that deletions in the N-terminal or C-terminal regions disrupted proper protein localization to the magnetite surface, resulting in a change in the crystal morphology. (elsevierpure.com)

We have now demonstrated, using CBA/Ca mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS, that MSP-1 processing also occurs in vivo. (lancs.ac.uk)
In vivo, LTP1 occurs as a small globular protein, with a central and conical hydrophobic core, which stretches from one end of the molecule to the other. (proteinspotlight.org)

HLA-DR molecules were affinity purified and bound peptides acid eluted. (jci.org)
For the first time, to our knowledge, we have identified HLA-bound peptides presented in vivo during an inflammatory condition. (jci.org)

Thus it seems very likely that the tetramer is the physiologically relevant form of TBL1 in vivo . (esrf.fr)
Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)

Hence, GCN4 translation is an in vivo indicator of impaired TC loading on 40S subunits. (nih.gov)
Myostatin contains two identical subunits that consist of 109 amino acids. (avivaswiss.com)

N-terminal fragments of mutant huntingtin accumulate and form inclusions in the cell nucleus in the brains of patients with HD, as well as in various animal and cell models of HD. (medscape.com)

We also made key contributions to identifying the eIF2α kinase Gcn2 and elucidating its regulation by amino acids, via allosteric control of kinase activity by uncharged tRNAs and Gcn2 regulatory domains, and by the TOR pathway through Gcn2-Ser577 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
We found that the N-terminal (amino acids (aa) 1-68) and C-terminal (aa 416-674) kinase domains of RSK2 directly interacted with nuclear localization signal 1, the Ser/Pro repeat, and the polyproline domains (aa 261-365) of NFAT3. (nih.gov)

Relevant to oncogenic activity of CIP2A across human cancers, the N-terminal head domain-mediated interaction with B56α stabilizes CIP2A protein. (tuni.fi)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)

Cofilin is the major mediator of actin filament turnover in vivo. (rupress.org)
However, this enhanced plasma membrane association does not translate into increased PI(3,4,5)P(3) turnover, since in vivo studies show a reduced activity of the H93R PTEN-GFP mutant. (nih.gov)

In vivo, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) inhibit collagenase activity. (medscape.com)

Defects in cofilin function alter the morphology of actin networks in vivo and reduce the rate of actin flux through actin networks. (rupress.org)

In vitro, it can lodge lipids and various fatty acids in its central core, quite comfortably. (proteinspotlight.org)

Human LSECtin is an approximately 40 kDa, single-pass, type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is 293 amino acids (aa) in length. (rndsystems.com)

Upon electrical stimulation in vivo and depolarization in vitro, glutamine is readily converted to glutamate in activated dendritic subsegments, suggesting that glutamine sustains release of the excitatory neurotransmitter via exocytosis from dendrites. (dadospdf.com)
The system A inhibitor MeAIB (amethylamino-iso-butyric acid) reduces neuronal uptake of glutamine with concomitant reduction in intracellular glutamate concentrations, indicating that SAT2-mediated glutamine uptake can be a prerequisite for the formation of glutamate. (dadospdf.com)

Apelin mRNA was markedly downregulated in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes subjected to mechanical stretch and in vivo in two models of chronic ventricular pressure overload. (phoenixbiotech.net)
A C-terminal stretch of amino acids of undetermined structure acts as a lid. (proteinspotlight.org)

A ) 2NM-PP1 treatment inhibits Snf1 as activity in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
It has two different catalytic activities, each assigned to one of its terminal domains: the C-terminal domain presents hydrolase activity, whereas the N-terminal domain exhibits phosphatase activity. (frontiersin.org)
We also provide a compilation of sEH distribution and expression in the human brain and deepen the discussion on the enzyme's N-terminal phosphatase activity and its involvement in the synthesis of cholesterol. (frontiersin.org)
Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K. (lookformedical.com)
This is confirmed by showing that the in vivo activity of EFE depends on a domain that is required for active repression in culture. (biologists.com)
Because the interaction of PI(4,5)P(2) with PTEN's N-terminal domain is diminished by this mutation, we hypothesize that the interaction of PTEN's N-terminal domain with the phosphatase domain is impacted by the H93R mutation, preventing PI(4,5)P(2) from inducing the conformational change that activates phosphatase activity. (nih.gov)
However, PEG can elicit antibodies to PEG in vivo, which will attenuate its antiviral activity. (bvsalud.org)
It is also formed in vivo during normal physiological processes, such as methionine oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and during metabolic activity of intestinal bacteria. (cdc.gov)

A skin sensitizer is a chemical with an intrinsic currently reliant on in vivo methods such as the ability to induce contact allergy. (cdc.gov)

Domain III (amino acid 379-458) is G-actin binding region located in the C-terminal. (wikipedia.org)
From similar experiments, it appears that the contact between the carboxyl terminal region of the R chain and the 240s loop of the C chain (R1-C4 interaction) is essential for the transmission of the CTP regulatory signal. (europa.eu)
Mechanistically, intracellular mature IL-37 directly bound to the CAAX motif in the C-terminal hypervariable region of Rac1, and then inhibited Rac1 membrane translocation and subsequent downstream signaling. (nature.com)
Its extracellular region consists of two N-linked glycosylation sites (aa 73 and 159), a coil‑coil neck domain (aa 96‑136), a C‑type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in human DC‑SIGN and DC‑SIGN receptor (aa 165‑289), and a C-terminal Ca 2+ -dependent carbohydrate‑recognition domain (C-type CRD) (1). (rndsystems.com)
BoNT/A, /E, and /C cleave SNAP-25 at different positions near its C-terminal region 6 - 9 . (cdc.gov)

Domain (amino acids 373 to 403). (wikipedia.org)
The enzyme's C-terminal domain has been linked to cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory effects. (frontiersin.org)
but the role of its N-terminal domain is still poorly understood (see Table 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The amino terminal domain of TBL1, that mediates interaction with both SMRT and GPS2, crystallised in three different forms that diffracted to between 2.2 Å and 5 Å resolution. (esrf.fr)
Unexpectedly this domain formed a tetramer (a dimer of dimers) in all three crystal lattices, with a number of non-polar amino acids interdigitating at the interface between two TBL1 dimers ( Figure 102b ). (esrf.fr)
We report that B.1.1.7 is refractory to neutralization by most mAbs to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike and relatively resistant to a few mAbs to the receptor-binding domain (RBD). (cdc.gov)

The motif is A x x φ H K/R x φ (where φ is a non-polar amino acid). (esrf.fr)

Using a combination of experimental methods they show that a cytotoxic C-terminal truncated form of the alpha-synuclein protein that is abundant in vivo, aggregates into more strongly twisted fibrils that are more exposed to water. (uva.nl)
Using a combination of techniques, among which atomic force microscopy, UV-circular dichroism, X-ray diffraction and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, the researchers performed a structural analysis to explain the differences in the aggregation of wild-type alpha-synuclein (WT-αS) and the so-called C-terminal truncated form of the protein lacking 32 amino acids at the C-terminal end (1-108-αS). (uva.nl)
The modified Edman reaction uses the effect of N-alkylated amino acids to form Edman products in neutral or alkaline conditions versus in acidic conditions required in conventional Edman reaction procedures. (cdc.gov)

The in vivo stability of 177Lu-labeled DOTA-CCK-66 and DOTA-MGS5 was examined at 30 min after injection in CB17-SCID mice. (stanford.edu)

ACE-2 is the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 Spike protein receptor in vivo (4-6), functions catalytically as a carboxypeptidase to cleave several substrates including angiotensins I and II, and acts as a partner for B0AT1-family amino acid transporters (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)

Combining in vivo PET imaging of dopamine synthesis capacity, fMRI, and a sensitive measure of cognitive flexibility, we reveal three core findings. (jneurosci.org)

1987. Ammonia emissions and their role in acid deposition. (cdc.gov)

Studies on the physiological effects of sulfamic acid and ammonium sulfamate. (cdc.gov)
New studies of the in vivo efficacy of alcohol-based hand rubs and the low incidence of dermatitis associated with their use are reviewed. (cdc.gov)

This protein is found ubiquitously in vivo in significant quantities and can be detected in all fluid compartments. (wikipedia.org)

The creation of dominant negative molecules is a powerful tool for investigating function in vivo, as it can mimic the loss of function of a regulator ( Herskowitz, 1987 ). (biologists.com)

In addition to the standard mouse lethality bioassay, many in vivo and in vitro analytical methods have been recently developed for the determination of a BoNT's identity and concentration for the purposes of diagnosis and confirmation of botulism 15 - 17 . (cdc.gov)

Anatomy15

Organisms15

Chemicals and Drugs106

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Phenomena and Processes83

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Residues19

Residue7

Vitro and in vivo3

Proteins4

Peptide1

Target genes in vivo1

Polypeptide chain1

Carboxy3

Viral1

Molecular5

Mutagenesis2

Proteolytic cleavage2

Tumour2

Substitution1

Cytoplasmic tail2

Lysine1

Roles1

Cleavage2

Sequences1

Gene3

Occurs2

Peptides2

Physiologically2

Subunits2

Fragments1

Kinase2

Oncogenic2

Turnover2

Inhibitors1

Morphology1

Lipids1

Transmembrane1

Glutamine2

Stretch2

Activity8

Chemical1

Region5

Domain6

Motif1

Form3

Stability1

Spike1

Synthesis1

Role1

Studies2

Found1

Molecules1

Addition1