AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
Reflex, StretchMoxisylyteTendonsReflexTendon InjuriesAchilles TendonReflex, AbnormalTendon TransferMyoclonic Epilepsy, JuvenilePatellar LigamentElectromyographyTendinopathyNystagmus, PathologicRuptureReflex, AcousticBiomechanical PhenomenaEpilepsies, MyoclonicElectrooculographyReflex, Vestibulo-OcularReflex, PupillaryNystagmus, CongenitalReflex, MonosynapticElectronystagmographyAccelerationRotator CuffMovementMuscle, SkeletalMuscle ContractionNeck MusclesDecerebrate StateTensile StrengthElectric StimulationH-ReflexElectroencephalographyMusclesArmReflex, RightingFixation, OcularCatsMechanoreceptorsSaccadesTicsLigamentsTenosynovitisAnkle JointReflex, OculocardiacPosterior Tibial Tendon DysfunctionNeural ConductionStress, MechanicalNeurons, AfferentWeight-BearingEpilepsy, AbsenceTenotomyPressoreceptorsReflex, Babinski
PlantarAbsentAchillesInvoluntaryMusclesPatellar tendonSomatic reflexesSensoryContractionStretchHyperactiveDeepSpasticityReceptorsTriceps jerkSpinal cordMonosynapticAbnormalForearmPendularStimuliPyramidal tractResponsesBriskStimulusKnee jerk reaOccursSuddenNeurologicalMusclePeripheralFlexionElbowCommonlyBabinskiNormalPathwayAfferentStimulationSimple reflexPathwaysNerve root
Plantar4
Absent10
  • This reflex is usually absent in disk herniations at the L5-S1 level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knee jerk is absent in locomotor ataxia, infantile paralysis, meningitis, destructive lesions of the lower part of the spinal cord, and certain forms of paralysis. (tabers.com)
  • Deep tendon reflexes are often absent or weak due to peripheral neuropathy. (disabled-world.com)
  • Deep tendon reflexes - an absent biceps jerk with a brisk supinator jerk (inversion of the supinator jerk) or an absent biceps andsupinator with a brisk triceps jerk localizes the lesion to C5-6. (syrianclinic.com)
  • Knee jerks were 2/4 on the right and absent on the left. (basichumanneuroanatomy.com)
  • Ankle jerks were absent bilaterally. (basichumanneuroanatomy.com)
  • An ocular syndrome marked by Adie pupil and absent or lessened Achilles tendon reflex and knee-jerk reflex. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The absent or lessened deep tendon reflexes are permanent and may progress over time. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The tendon reflexes (i.e. knee jerks;ankle jerks) influenced by the spinal nerve root may be decreased or absent. (spinephysicians.org)
  • Tendon reflexes are reduced in the knees and absent in ankles. (beds.ac.uk)
Achilles6
  • The ankle jerk reflex, also known as the Achilles reflex, occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is helpful to support the ball of the foot at least somewhat to put some tension in the Achilles tendon, but don't completely dorsiflex the ankle. (wikipedia.org)
  • A small strike is given on the Achilles tendon using a rubber hammer to elicit the response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Achilles reflex checks if the S1 and S2 nerve roots are intact and could be indicative of sciatic nerve pathology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Achilles tendon reflex. (tabers.com)
  • Absence of the Achilles reflex (also known as the ankle jerk reflex), which can normally be elicited by tapping the tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed. (beds.ac.uk)
Involuntary2
  • This lady has hyperreflexia, clonus and a Positive This video introduces you to clonus and some of its causes.Disclaimers:-The information in this video only represents the knowledge of the individual(s) depi A reflex is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. (netlify.app)
  • A reflex is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. (netlify.app)
Muscles12
  • Muscles and Tendons have an abundance of two special types of receptors. (positivehealth.com)
  • The simplest reflex is the stretch reflex, in which muscles contract in response to a stretching force applied to them. (brainkart.com)
  • When the patellar ligament is tapped, the quadriceps femoris muscle tendon and the muscles themselves are stretched. (brainkart.com)
  • Sensory receptors within these muscles are also stretched, and the stretch reflex is activated. (brainkart.com)
  • A stretch reflex comes from the elasticity in the tendons, ligaments, and muscles. (weightliftinghouse.com)
  • For the test, specific receptors in the brachii muscle of the biceps are activated by gently pressing or tapping the muscles with a tendon hammer. (thehealthboard.com)
  • A superficial reflex is elicited through gentle stimulation of the skin and causes contraction of the associated muscles. (umn.edu)
  • The sharp tap on the tendon slightly stretches the quadriceps, the complex of muscles at the front of the upper leg. (umn.edu)
  • A somatic reflex is a reflex that involves the activation of sensory receptors and muscles in the body. (vumc.org)
  • The reflex causes the muscles in the throat to contract, helping to prevent the foreign object from entering the airway and causing choking. (vumc.org)
  • The images obtained in the study showed that one patient in the study had developed a rare nerve disease, known as Miller-Fisher syndrome, which causes abnormal muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles and absence of tendon reflexes, such as the classic "knee jerk" response. (4rai.com)
  • Hammer Toes - results from an imbalance in the muscles, tendons, and ligaments that normally hold the toe straight. (bladeresearchinc.com)
Patellar tendon3
  • The extension of the lower leg upon striking the patellar tendon when the knee is flexed at a right angle. (tabers.com)
  • Knee-jerk reflex , also called patellar reflex, is a sudden kicking movement of the lower leg in response to a sharp tap on the patellar tendon, which lies just below the kneecap (Fig.3.1.1). (umn.edu)
  • The patellar reflex is triggered when the patellar tendon, located just below the kneecap, is tapped or stretched. (vumc.org)
Somatic reflexes7
  • what is the protective function of somatic reflexes? (brainscape.com)
  • Apparently, reflexes can be categorized into several types, namely the visceral and somatic reflexes. (cheapestassignment.com)
  • On the other hand, somatic reflexes usually appear in conjunction with answers from the unconscious skeletal motor neurons. (cheapestassignment.com)
  • For instance, somatic reflexes can be further grouped into a stretch reflex-knee jerk-, flexor reflex and cross-extensor reflex. (cheapestassignment.com)
  • There are many examples of somatic reflexes, but one common example is the patellar reflex, also known as the knee-jerk reflex. (vumc.org)
  • In conclusion, somatic reflexes are automatic responses that are triggered by sensory receptors in the body. (vumc.org)
  • The patellar reflex and the gag reflex are two common examples of somatic reflexes that help to protect the body from harm. (vumc.org)
Sensory4
  • In a simple reflex this includes a sensory receptor, afferent or sensory neuron, reflex center in the brain or spinal cord, one or more efferent neurons, and an effector organ. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Reflexes combine the spinal sensory and motor components with a sensory input that directly generates a motor response. (umn.edu)
  • If you want to learn more about reflexes, watch this youtube video or follow this link to OpenStax Textbook chapter on Sensory and Motor Exams. (umn.edu)
  • This activates sensory receptors in the tendon, which send a signal to the spinal cord. (vumc.org)
Contraction5
  • The contraction of a muscle after tapping its tendon. (tabers.com)
  • Therefore when a muscle is suddenly stretched a strong signal is transmitted to the spinal cord causing an instant v strong reflex contraction of the same muscle from which the signal originated. (positivehealth.com)
  • 1. Golgi Tendon Organs that detect tension applied to the muscle tendon during muscle contraction/stretch. (positivehealth.com)
  • Rapid compression of a tendon elicits a reflexive muscle contraction in a literal knee jerk reaction. (newyorkorthopedicmassage.com)
  • This reflex activation causes contraction (and short ening) of the muscle via the simple myotatic or stretch reflex. (humanneurobiology.com)
Stretch15
  • It is a type of stretch reflex that tests the function of the gastrocnemius muscle and the nerve that supplies it. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also a stretch reflex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its function is manifested in the form of the muscle stretch reflex, which consists of static & dynamic reflexes. (positivehealth.com)
  • The dynamic stretch reflex is caused by the potent dynamic signal transmitted via the primary endings of the muscle spindles. (positivehealth.com)
  • With the dynamic stretch reflex over within a few a fraction of a second after the muscle has been stretched to its new length, a much weaker static reflex continues after for as long as the muscle is maintained at an excessive length. (positivehealth.com)
  • Thus this negative stretch reflex opposes the shortening of the muscle in the same way that the positive stretch reflex opposes lengthening of the muscle. (positivehealth.com)
  • Thus sudden stretch of muscle spindles is all that is required to elicit a stretch reflex. (positivehealth.com)
  • Clinically, poststroke spasticity is easily recognized as a phenomenon of velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes ("muscle tone") with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Though underlying mechanisms of spasticity remain poorly understood, it is well accepted that there is hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex in spasticity ( 4 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Accumulated evidence from animal ( 8 ) and human studies ( 9 - 18 ) supports supraspinal origins of stretch reflex hyperexcitability. (frontiersin.org)
  • Of course I am maintaining these requirements with my pause squat, but the one characteristic I am leaving out is the stretch reflex. (weightliftinghouse.com)
  • So teaching ourselves the timing and movement of the perfect stretch reflex is a far more specific skill to weightlifting than the pause squat. (weightliftinghouse.com)
  • I have seen a correlation between lifters who get a tremendous stretch reflex in their squats and lifters who catch a nice bounce during their cleans. (weightliftinghouse.com)
  • A deep tendon reflex is commonly known as a stretch reflex and is elicited by a strong tap to a tendon, such as in the knee-jerk reflex. (umn.edu)
  • This iIllustrates the patellar reflex, also known as a myotatic reflex, the stretch reflex, and the knee-jerk reflex. (umn.edu)
Hyperactive3
  • Hyperactive vestibulo-ocular reflex also has been reported. (medscape.com)
  • Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes and spasticity due to pyramidal tract dysfunction are present early in the course of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • People who experience clonus report repeated On reflex testing, individuals with myoclonus are graded as having a 41 (several beats of clonus) or 51 (sustained clonus) hyperactive reflex response. (netlify.app)
Deep14
Spasticity1
  • It affects both the upper and lower motor neurones and is characterised by muscle weakness, fasciculation, spasticity, over active reflexes and rapidly changing emotions. (nmmra.org)
Receptors4
  • what are the receptors in tendon-jerk reflexes? (brainscape.com)
  • Any of the reflexes initiated by several stimuli originating in widely separated receptors whose impulses follow the final common path to the effector organ and reinforce one another. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Two or more reflexes initiated simultaneously in different receptors that involve the same motor center but produce opposite effects. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The brain relies on input from these receptors as well as those in tendons and joints to give it the information it needs to direct smooth and coordinated muscle movements. (humanneurobiology.com)
Triceps jerk1
Spinal cord4
  • This reflex is mediated by the S1 spinal segment of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus there are 2 pathways in the spinal cord reflexes can take. (positivehealth.com)
  • 2. a continuous rhythmic reflex tremor initiated by the spinal cord below an area of spinal cord injury, set in motion by reflex testing. (netlify.app)
  • Reflexes operating though the spinal cord are responsible for the smooth functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and bladder as well as all of the skilled movements of the trunk and limbs and the often-taken-for-granted activities of standing erect, walking, and running. (humanneurobiology.com)
Monosynaptic1
  • These are monosynaptic spinal segmental reflexes. (wikipedia.org)
Abnormal1
  • If damage or irritation of the C5 or C6 nerves is suspected due to an abnormal biceps reflex, a doctor may advise more testing to pinpoint the exact condition. (thehealthboard.com)
Forearm2
Pendular2
  • What is pendular knee jerk? (medicosnotes.com)
  • Pendular reflexes are best observed when the patient's lower legs are allowed to hang and swing freelly off the end of an examining table. (medicosnotes.com)
Stimuli2
  • The central nervous system comprises a series of reflexes that enable humans to respond to various stimuli differently. (cheapestassignment.com)
  • It is a type of reflex that allows the body to automatically respond to stimuli in the environment without the need for conscious thought or control. (vumc.org)
Pyramidal tract1
Responses1
  • The visceral reflexes are conducted in the inside organs such as the heart and structures of the gastrointestinal system as they are non-skeletal and muscular responses. (cheapestassignment.com)
Brisk2
  • A normal or strong reaction is known as a brisk reflex and generally indicates no damage or pressure to the C5 or C6 nerve. (thehealthboard.com)
  • A normal or brisk knee jerk would have little more than one swing forward and one back. (medicosnotes.com)
Stimulus1
  • The reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus that does not receive or need conscious thought as it occurs through a reflex arc. (netlify.app)
Knee jerk rea1
  • Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction. (beds.ac.uk)
Occurs3
Sudden1
  • If the muscle is already taut any sudden release of the load on the muscle that allows it to shorten will elicit both dynamic & static reflex muscle inhibition rather than reflex excitation. (positivehealth.com)
Neurological3
  • The strength of the reflex gives clues as to the possibility and location of neurological disease or damage. (thehealthboard.com)
  • People with pain or numbness in the shoulder may require a biceps reflex test to determine if the cause is neurological. (thehealthboard.com)
  • The reflexes that are tested in the neurological exam are classified into two groups. (umn.edu)
Muscle7
  • Sometimes surgery to release the tendon or to cut the nerve-muscle pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Similarly these reflexes can be obtained from almost any muscle of the body by striking its tendon, i.e. eliciting a knee jerk. (positivehealth.com)
  • They lie within the muscle tendons. (positivehealth.com)
  • An average of 10 -15 muscle fibres are usually connected with each Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) which are stimulated by tension from the muscle fibres. (positivehealth.com)
  • Any reflex involving the response of a visceral effector (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or gland). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This reflex functions as a servo-mechanism to maintain muscle tone at a preset level. (humanneurobiology.com)
  • These and other functions of the muscle spindles, as well as the tension-sensitive organs in tendons, will be discussed. (humanneurobiology.com)
Peripheral2
  • A reduction in the ankle jerk reflex may also be indicative of peripheral neuropathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • These are often lost later, especially the ankle jerks, as part of a concomitant peripheral neuropathy. (medscape.com)
Flexion1
Elbow1
  • They may also have fluid-filled sacs (- bursae ), commonly- located between tendons and underly-ing bony prominences such as in the knee or elbow. (pharmacy180.com)
Commonly1
Babinski2
  • He has hyperreflexia in the UE's and LE's and has a positive Hoffman's sign, positive Babinski sig The ankle jerk reflex is mediated by the S1 nerve root. (netlify.app)
  • Titta och ladda ner Hyperreflexia, Clonus and a Positive Hoffman's Sign gratis, Babinski reflex and negative Hoffman's sign in patient with Transverse Myelitis. (netlify.app)
Normal2
  • A usually unilateral ocular condition in which the affected pupil is larger than the normal one, dilates slowly in accommodation-convergence reflexes, and reacts slowly and only after lengthy exposure to light or dark. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In fact, the vast majority of reflex actions are unseen and unnoticed and yet are vitally important to normal function. (humanneurobiology.com)
Pathway2
Afferent1
  • Most reflexes, however, are more complicated and include internuncial or associative neurons intercalated between afferent and efferent neurons. (unboundmedicine.com)
Stimulation1
Simple reflex1
Pathways1
Nerve root1
  • Conditions which may be screened for with the biceps reflex include nerve-root compression, hyperplasia, and even an electrolyte imbalance. (thehealthboard.com)