Temperature sensitive virus mutants. Medical search. Frequent questions

Most temperature-sensitive mutations affect proteins, and cause loss of protein function at the non-permissive temperature. (wikipedia.org)
The permissive temperature is one at which the protein typically can fold properly, or remain properly folded. (wikipedia.org)
The permissive temperature is the temperature at which a temperature-sensitive mutant gene product takes on a normal, functional phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
It will alternatively lack the function at a rather high, non-permissive, temperature and display a hypomorphic (partial loss of gene function) and a middle, semi-permissive, temperature. (wikipedia.org)
In this experiment, our objective was to isolate a number of ts mutants with a permissive temperature of 32.5 ºC and a restrictive temperature of 37 ºC. (kzoo.edu)
A mutant of Mo-MuSV strain 124 (designated MuSV ts110) is temperature-sensitive (ts) for transformation and encodes two proteins, P85('gag-mos) (an 85,000 M(,r) protein encoded by the gag and mos genes) and P58('gag), at the permissive temperature (28(DEGREES)C). At the nonpermissive temperature (39(DEGREES)C), only P58('gag) is found in MuSV ts110-infected NRK cells (6m2 cells). (tmc.edu)
The kinase detected in anti-gag complexes from 6m2 cells at permissive temperature was associated with P85('gag-mos) since immune complexes from 39(DEGREES)C 6m2 cells, which lack P85('gag-mos), produced no phosphorylated P58('gag) molecules. (tmc.edu)

The human podocyte cell line was derived from human normal podocytes conditionally transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
Reverse genetic engineering of simian rotaviruses with temperature-sensitive lesions in VP1, VP2, and VP6. (wfu.edu)
Conditional lethal mutants of adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrids. (cshl.edu)
Kelly, F. , Sambrook, J. (1974) Variants of Simian Virus 40-Transformed Mouse Cells Resistant to Cytochalasin-B. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 39. (cshl.edu)
Transcription of simian virus 40. (cshlpress.com)

Arias A, Agudo R, Ferrer-Orta C, Pérez-Luque R, Airaksinen A, Brocchi E, Domingo E, Verdaguer N, Escarmis C (2005) Mutant viral polymerase in the transition of virus to error catastrophe identifies a critical site for RNA binding. (springer.com)
The observed binding mode is maintained in the context of heterotrimeric influenza polymerase, placing ANP32A in the immediate vicinity of known host-adaptive PB2 mutants. (nature.com)
However, for these avian (av) viruses to efficiently replicate in mammalian cells, host adaptation of the viral polymerase is necessary. (nature.com)
In vitro dsRNA synthesis by rotavirus polymerase mutants with lesions at core shell contact sites. (wfu.edu)
A temperature-sensitive lesion in the N-terminal domain of the rotavirus polymerase affects its intracellular localization and activity. (wfu.edu)
This approach utilizes expression vectors which synthesize virus-like (-)-sensed RNAs that can be recognized and transcribed by the viral polymerase. (grantome.com)
Induction of host DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase by DNA-negative temperature-sensitive mutants of human cytomegalovirus. (neb.com)
Studies of an Epstein-Barr virus-induced DNA polymerase. (neb.com)
Varicella-zoster virus-induced DNA polymerase. (neb.com)

Rohrschneider focused initially on cell-surface proteins in cells infected with avian oncorna viruses, identifying the envelope and group-specific antigens (gag proteins). (fredhutch.org)
The isolation of temperature-sensitive transformation-defective mutants of Rous sarcoma virus led to the hypothesis that the viral protein or proteins should be temperature-sensitive in its expression or function, and Dr. John Wyke and Rohrschneider found that expression of some of the cell-surface tumor antigens correlated with transformation, suggesting that they were under control of the transforming gene. (fredhutch.org)
We have analysed the effect of cycloheximide on IE gene expression with HSV-1 mutants deficient in the production of functional levels of the three major transactivators, the virion protein (VP16) and two IE proteins (ICP0 and ICP4). (microbiologyresearch.org)
This silencing response leads to reduced levels of viral proteins, and in the case of cells infected with an RNA virus, viral sense or antisense genomes can also be targeted for degradation by siRNA. (moam.info)
We seek to better understand this replicase-assembly mechanism of rotavirus through (i) structure-guided, functional analyses of viral proteins and assembly intermediates as well as (ii) genetic analyses of wildtype and mutant rotavirus strains. (wfu.edu)
Early studies on nonsense mutants of phage phi6 suggested that the major envelope protein P9 and the non-structural protein P12 are the only proteins needed for phi6 virion envelopment [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For RVFV these include viruses lacking NSs and or NSm proteins, viruses with the N and NSs genes swapped on the S segment, and we have converted RVFV from a 3 segment genome virus to a 2 segment genome virus. (vetvaccnet.ac.uk)
For SBV we have created a virus lacking NSs expression and viruses with temperature sensitive lesions in the L and N proteins. (vetvaccnet.ac.uk)
First, the block in secretion is not due to aberrant folding or oligomerization of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum because the hemagglutinin of influenza virus folded and oligomerized at the same rate in mutant and parental cells at the restrictive temperature. (rupress.org)

Temperature sensitive mutations are usually missense mutations, which then will harbor the function of a specified necessary gene at the standard, permissive, low temperature. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations to essential genes are generally lethal and hence temperature-sensitive mutants enable researchers to induce the phenotype at the restrictive temperatures and study the effects. (wikipedia.org)
This paper describes the construction of 10 mutant HSV-1 viruses with deletion and insertion mutations in Vmw110. (microbiologyresearch.org)
This was one of the initial discoveries that mutations in a cell surface receptor could initiate oncogenesis, just one year after the avian erythroblastosis virus oncogene was found to be a mutant EGF receptor. (fredhutch.org)
Physical mapping of temperature-sensitive mutations of adenoviruses. (cshlpress.com)
This study reveals a new mechanism for the fluid gain of beneficial mutations in genetic regions undergoing active recombination in viruses and illustrates the value of long read sequencing technologies for investigating complex genome dynamics in diverse biological systems. (elifesciences.org)
The concept of mutation was coined by Hugo De Vries in 1901, whom worked with plants species of the genus Oenothera where he discovered some phenotypic hereditary characteristics that he coined as "mutations" and "mutants" to those individuals that have these phenotypic alterations. (intechopen.com)

Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be delivered intravenously to target primary and metastatic lesions, but the interaction between human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and VSV remains poorly understood. (karger.com)

However, a co-infection under restrictive conditions with two ts mutants defective in different genes generally leads to robust growth because of intergenic complementation. (wikipedia.org)
Because multiple copies of a polypeptide specified by a gene often form multimers, mixed infections with two different ts mutants defective in the same gene often leads to mixed multimers and partial restoration of function, a phenomenon referred to as intragenic complementation. (wikipedia.org)
Intragenic complementation of ts mutants defective in the same gene can provide information on the structural organization of the multimer. (wikipedia.org)
Nine of the mutants were defective in both assays, and the capacity of all 16 mutants to support DNA packaging correlated precisely with their ability to complement virus growth. (gla.ac.uk)
Although all sixteen mutants appeared to interact with UL28 in co-immunoprecipitation experiments, four of the insertion mutants were defective in co-localisation with UL28 in immunofluorescence assays. (gla.ac.uk)
Surprisingly, no clear evidence was obtained that any of the 16 mutants was defective in interactions with UL6, UL15, UL25 or UL28. (gla.ac.uk)
By the same token, the reason(s) why nine of the 16 mutants are defective in DNA packaging remains unclear, but does not appear to be associated with their ability to form known protein-protein interactions or to localise to sites of DNA packaging. (gla.ac.uk)
Moreover, mutant viruses defective in these functions increased the stability of EGFP mRNA even more than did the wild-type virus in silenced cells compared to results in control cells. (moam.info)
Mutant V.24.1, a member of the End4 complementation group of temperature-sensitive CHO cells, is defective in secretion at the restrictive temperature (Wang, R.-H., P. A. Colbaugh, C.-Y. Kao, E. A. Rutledge, and R. K. Draper. (rupress.org)

12 y of age, from whom influenza B virus was isolated were asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)

Mutant spectra are continuously and avoidably generated during RNA genome replication, and they are not just a by-product of error-prone replication, devoid of biological relevance. (springer.com)
The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Undoubtedly, a better understanding of the functions of the viral genome in infected and transformed cells will be achieved through studies with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of herpesviruses since, theoretically, any essential gene function can be affected by mutants of this type. (powells.com)
Expression from the human cytomegalovirus major IE promoter, when cloned into the genome of HSV-1 mutants, was also increased by inhibition of protein synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia identifies uniparental disomy surrounding the NF1 locus in cases associated with neurofibromatosis but not in cases with mutant RAS or PTPN11. (lu.se)
Whole genome sequencing showed the presence of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b strains in brain tissue, which were closely related to sympatric avian influenza viruses. (bvsalud.org)
Here we used splicing-sensitive arrays to assess genome-wide gene- and exon-level expression profiles in human DCs in response to a bacterial challenge. (refine.bio)

Optimal pH will vary with virus strains, cell systems, antigen preparations and plate versus tube procedures. (cdc.gov)
He found that adhesion plaques also contained the oncoproteins of Abelson leukemia virus (Abl, now best known at the cause of chronic myelogenous leukemia) and the Susan McDonough and Gardner-Rasheed strains of feline sarcoma virus (Fms and Fgr), while, with colleague Dr. Bob Eisenman, the Myc oncoprotein was found in the nucleus. (fredhutch.org)
We have generated many mutants of RVFV and SBV that are attenuated and have potential as vaccine strains. (vetvaccnet.ac.uk)
serological differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains in relation to selection of suitable vaccine viruses. (liverpool.ac.uk)
classification of strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus according to the relationship-dominance model for a better understanding of the concept of serologic and immunologic subtype]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
examination of differences between foot-and-mouth disease virus strains using a radioimmunoassay techinque. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Temperature-sensitive experiments demonstrated that the first two iVDPV strains partially retained the temperature-sensitive phenotype's nature, while the subsequent ten iVDPV strains distinctly lost it, possibly associated with increased neurovirulence. (cdc.gov)

In contrast, the nonpermissive temperature or restrictive temperature is the temperature at which the mutant phenotype is observed. (wikipedia.org)
An infection of an E. coli host cell by a bacteriophage (phage) T4 temperature sensitive (ts) conditionally lethal mutant at a high restrictive temperature generally leads to no phage growth. (wikipedia.org)
None of the 108 plaques were ts mutants, and the majority of the first 23 plaques replicated better at the restrictive temperature. (kzoo.edu)
Third, at the resolution of fluorescence microscopy, the Golgi complex in the mutant cells vanished at the restrictive temperature. (rupress.org)

Conditional lethal mutants able to grow at high temperatures, but unable to grow at low temperatures, were also isolated in phage T4. (wikipedia.org)
These cold sensitive mutants defined a discrete set of genes, some of which had been previously identified by other types of conditional lethal mutants. (wikipedia.org)
On the contrary, current evidence indicates that mutant spectra contribute to viral pathogenesis, can modulate the expression of phenotypic traits by subpopulations of viruses, can include memory genomes that reflect the past evolutionary history of the viral lineage, and, furthermore, can participate in viral extinction through lethal mutagenesis. (springer.com)

The discovery of ts mutants of phage T4, and the employment of such mutants in complementation tests contributed to the identification of many of the genes in this organism. (wikipedia.org)
Growth of phage ts mutants under partially restrictive conditions has been used to identify the functions of genes. (wikipedia.org)
For example, growing a ts DNA repair mutant at an intermediate temperature will allow some progeny phage to be produced. (wikipedia.org)
However, if that ts mutant is irradiated with UV light, its survival will be more strongly reduced compared the reduction of survival of irradiated wild-type phage T4. (wikipedia.org)

Indeed, HIV-1 virus deleted of nef failed to induce cyclin D 1 mRNA to the level of other single gene mutant viruses. (biomedcentral.com)

The mutant viruses were then studied in single-step growth curve experiments, by assaying for plaques in a variety of cell types and by analysis of viral polypeptide synthesis during productive infection at high and low multiplicities. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We analyzed the cellular consequences of hantavirus infection by measuring adhesion and migration capacity of human renal cells infected with Puumala (PUUV) or Hantaan (HTNV) virus. (biomedcentral.com)
Following acute infection, Herpes Simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latency and recurrent reactivation in the sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG). (biomedcentral.com)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) transcription can be arrested at the immediate early (IE) stage by continuous treatment of cells with inhibitors of protein synthesis, usually cycloheximide, from the time of infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The RR1 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 is uniquely trans activated by ICP0 during infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Nearly 100% of children in the USA are infected with the virus by 2 to 3 years of age, several hundred infants may die directly from the infection, while the deaths of an additional several thousand may be attributed to RSV-related complications ( Nair et al, 2010 ). (intechopen.com)
The RNA silencing response to viral infection is so robust that all major groups of plant viruses examined to date, including those with DNA genomes, have been shown to encode one or more RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs) which act as pathogenicity determinants (4, 34). (moam.info)
A multiplicity of viral functions has evolved to modulate the host cell environment in order to ensure the efficient production of new infectious virus during lytic infection. (moam.info)
Similarly, screening by reverse transcription PCR of tissues of 101 seals that had died along the Dutch coast in the period 2020-2021, did not show evidence of influenza virus infection. (bvsalud.org)
virus-specific immunity in neonatal and adult mouse rotavirus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
mouse rotavirus (epizootic diarrhea of infant mice) was used as a model to study the role of virus-specific immunity in infection and diarrheal disease. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Arias A, Lázaro E, Escarmís C, Domingo E (2001) Molecular intermediates of fitness gain of an RNA virus: characterization of a mutant spectrum by biological and molecular cloning. (springer.com)
Construction and characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant unable to transinduce immediate-early gene expression. (microbiologyresearch.org)

A host-dependent temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus: E" by Judy C. Young, Eric C. Liebl et al. (denison.edu)
The transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, Src, had just been identified by Dr. Ray Erikson's group using antibodies from tumor-bearing model organisms. (fredhutch.org)
Rohrschneider generated similar antisera and used them to good effect, performing some of the first immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments to identify the Src protein in Rous sarcoma virus-infected model organisms and to localize the protein to the cytoplasm. (fredhutch.org)
Various Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MuSV) isolates contain a cellular sequence, termed mos, which is responsible for the transforming ability of Mo-MuSV. (tmc.edu)

During viral infections, the complex and dynamic distributions of variants, termed viral quasispecies, play a key role in the adaptability of viruses to changing environments and the fate of the population as a whole. (springer.com)
The patterns and amounts of viral polypeptide synthesis during high multiplicity infections with mutant and wild-type viruses were similar in all cell types. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Severe infections with hantaviruses HTNV, Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV), or PUUV are characterized by AKI with massive proteinuria. (biomedcentral.com)
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous virus of worldwide distribution and is the leading cause of infant morbidity from respiratory infections. (intechopen.com)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the prototypic member of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, which induces lytic infections in epithelial cells of its native host (47, 65). (moam.info)
ABSTRACTRecent reports documenting sporadic infections in carnivorous mammals worldwide with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b have raised concerns about the potential risk of adaptation to sustained transmission in mammals, including humans. (bvsalud.org)
Reassortant viruses were isolated following dual infections of cell cultures with a spontaneous temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of WEX virus, and either NUG wild-type virus or a ts mutant of GI virus. (ox.ac.uk)

At higher temperatures, the protein is unstable and ceases to function properly. (wikipedia.org)
The UL33 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes a 130 amino acid (aa) protein that is essential for the cleavage of concatemeric viral DNA into monomeric genomes and their packaging into preformed capsids. (gla.ac.uk)
This thesis describes the creation and characterisation of a number of UL33 insertion mutants in an effort to examine structure-function relationships within this protein and gain further insights into its function. (gla.ac.uk)
Sixteen distinct mutants, encoding polypeptides with 5 aa insertions located at 14 separate positions throughout the protein, were generated. (gla.ac.uk)
Differential dependence of herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene expression on de novo-infected cell protein synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The ability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to suppress silencing was examined in a transient expression system that employed an imperfect hairpin to target degradation of transcripts encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). (moam.info)
Several lines of evidence support this conclusion, the most direct being the colocalization by immunofluorescence microscopy of influenza virus hemagglutinin with a 58-kD protein that is known to reside in an intermediate compartment. (rupress.org)

In: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology XXXIX: Tumor Viruses, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. (cshl.edu)

Temperature-sensitive mutants are variants of genes that allow normal function of the organism at low temperatures, but altered function at higher temperatures. (wikipedia.org)
Borrego B, Novella IS, Giralt E, Andreu D, Domingo E (1993) Distinct repertoire of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the presence or absence of immune selection. (springer.com)
In order to expand our understanding of how recombination might influence virus variation during the course of adaptation, we focused on large DNA viruses, in which rapidly evolving populations can simultaneously harbor both adaptive gene copy number variation and beneficial single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at the same locus. (elifesciences.org)

In the late 1970s, the budding yeast secretory pathway, essential for viability of the cell and for growth of new buds, was dissected using temperature-sensitive mutants, resulting in the identification of twenty-three essential genes. (wikipedia.org)
In the 1970s, several temperature-sensitive mutant genes were identified in the fruit fly, such as shibirets, which led to the first genetic dissection of synaptic function. (wikipedia.org)
its inactivity leads to the failure to express viral genes so that the virus does not enter the lytic cycle. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Identification of immediate early genes from herpes simplex virus that transactivate the virus thymidine kinase gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Transcription from the early and late classes of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) promoters requires prior immediate early (IE) gene expression. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Identification of herpes simplex virus DNA sequences which encode a trans -acting, polypeptide responsible for stimulation of immediate early transcription. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A detailed mutational analysis of Vmw110, a trans-acting transcriptional activator encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Analysis of the functional domains of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early polypeptide Vmw110. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Promoter sequence and cell type can dramatically affect the efficiency of transcriptional activation induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 and its immediate-early gene products Vmw175 and Vmw110. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Several herpes- viruses have been associated recently with malignancies in man and animals (KLEIN, 1972). (powells.com)
DNA packaging, herpes simplex virus type 1, UL33. (gla.ac.uk)
Transactivation of transcription by herpes virus products : requirement for two HSV-1 immediate-early polypeptides for maximum activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Transcription factors interacting with herpes simplex virus a gene promoters in sensory neurons. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The importance of RNA silencing to HSV-1 replication was confirmed by a significantly enhanced virus burst size in cells in which silencing was knocked down with small inhibitory RNAs directed to Argonaute 2, an integral component of the silencing complex. (moam.info)
Virus replication leads to the production of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which triggers the RNA silencing response and robust production of siRNA. (moam.info)
Our findings provide valuable information regarding the genetic structure, high-temperature growth sensitivity, and antigenic properties of iVDPVs following long-term evolution in a single PID patient, thus augmenting the currently limited knowledge regarding the dynamic changes and evolutionary pathway of iVDPV populations with PID during long-term global replication. (cdc.gov)

Several vaccines have been developed against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), mostly inactivated whole-virus vaccines for chickens. (bvsalud.org)

6/29 vaccine recipients and 5/11 controls shed low levels of virus but did not become ill. (cdc.gov)
Chumakov KM, Powers LB, Noonan KE, Roninson IB, Levenbook IS (1991) Correlation between amount of virus with altered nucleotide sequence and the monkey test for acceptability of oral poliovirus vaccine. (springer.com)
routine analysis of suspensions of foot-and-mouth disease virus and eluates of vaccine by the isopycnic method in analytical ultracentrifuge demonstrates the important heterogeneity of the viral population. (liverpool.ac.uk)
the relative merits of various in vitro assay systems for the measurement of the quality and quantity of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine antigen will be discussed. (liverpool.ac.uk)

The Koch laboratory used antibodies from model organisms bearing oncorna-virus cancers as tools to identify transformation antigens. (fredhutch.org)

Our research efforts focus on rotaviruses, which are segmented, double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses that cause diarrhea in young children and animals. (wfu.edu)
molecular cloning of double-stranded rna virus genomes. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Rohrschneider's strengths in raising antibodies and skillful immunofluorescence soon led him to investigate the subcellular localizations of the oncoproteins of other oncorna viruses, by then known by the current name of retroviruses. (fredhutch.org)
Retrospective screening for nucleoprotein-specific antibodies, of sera collected from 251 seals sampled in this region from 2020 to 2023, did not show evidence of influenza A virus-specific antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
relationship between the chemical structure and the biological activity of antibodies against the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
It is also true that the antibodies developed by Dr. Melanie are very time-sensitive, and we can only continuously develop new antibodies to deal with new viruses Fortunately, the invaders did not intend to wipe out the human race, and the virus itself is a living organism. (sankt-ansgar-schule.de)

When a temperature-sensitive mutant is grown in a permissive condition, the mutated gene product behaves normally (meaning that the phenotype is not observed), even if there is a mutant allele present. (wikipedia.org)
The temperature-sensitive phenotype could be expressed during a specific developmental stage to study the effects. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of this data revealed that the pathogenic phenotype of the reassortant viruses depended on the parental origin of genomic segment 4. (ox.ac.uk)

The overall objective of this study is to characterize the basic molecular mechanisms of coronavirus transcription utiizing mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) as a model. (grantome.com)
Most experimental data have been obtained from studies of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and infectious bronchitis virus of chickens (IBV). (pdfroom.com)

Charpentier C, Dwyer DE, Mammano F, Lecossier D, Clavel F, Hance AJ (2004) Role of minority populations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the evolution of viral resistance to protease inhibitors. (springer.com)
Use of temperature sensitive (ts) mutants would lead to determine unknown gene functions and TPV biogenesis, viral assembly inside host cells. (kzoo.edu)

This control is provided by a temperature-actuated genetic state switch that produces lasting therapeutic output in response to briefly applied focused ultrasound hyperthermia. (nature.com)

Although the product of IE gene 1, Vmw110, is not absolutely essential for virus growth in tissue culture, transfection experiments have demonstrated that Vmw110 can activate gene expression both by itself and in a synergistic manner with the product of IE gene 3, Vmw175. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Similar experiments confirmed that UL33 interacts directly with UL15, and immunofluorescence assays indicated that none of the mutants was impaired in this interaction. (gla.ac.uk)
Once obtained these mutants would be useful in upcoming experiments TPV biogenesis and the oncolytic potential of TPV. (kzoo.edu)

A T-DNA insertion mutant of OsBE1 gene was identified. (chinacrops.org)

0.07) for younger children to shed higher-titer virus occurred. (cdc.gov)

Nineteen amino-acid substitutions were detected between 12 iVDPVs and the parental Sabin strain, of which only one (K1419R) was found on the subsequent 10 iVDPV isolates, suggesting this site's potential as a temperature-sensitive determination site. (cdc.gov)

comparison of laboratory techniques for the evaluation of the antigenic potency of foot-and-mouth disease virus cultures and vaccines. (liverpool.ac.uk)

The abilities of these mutants to complement the DNA packaging and growth defects of viruses lacking functional copies of UL33 (the null mutant dlUL33 and the temperature sensitive mutant ts1233) were examined. (gla.ac.uk)

However, the impact of silencing as a mammalian antiviral defense mechanism and the ability of mammalian viruses to suppress silencing in natural host cells have remained controversial. (moam.info)
The mammalian adaptation PB2-E627K mutation was identified in approximately 40% of the virus population present in the brain tissue of the German seal. (bvsalud.org)

These viruses replicate and cause significant economic losses in a wide variety of animal species, including humans. (grantome.com)

The P85('gag-mos) kinase activity was very thermolabile upon shifting 6m2 cells from permissive to nonpermissive temperatures (t(, 1/2) for inactivation = 5 min). (tmc.edu)
this heterogeneity increases during inactivation of the virus by formol. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Because tanapox virus (TPV) causes self-limiting disease, the biogenesis of TPV is unclear. (kzoo.edu)

RNA-induced silencing is a potent innate antiviral defense strategy in plants, and suppression of silencing is a hallmark of pathogenic plant viruses. (moam.info)

Briones C, Domingo E, Molina-París C (2003) Memory in retroviral quasispecies: experimental evidence and theoretical model for human immunodeficiency virus. (springer.com)
Additional representatives of the family reviewed in this article are the human (HCV) and bovine (BCV) coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), haemagglutinating encephalitis virus (HEV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). (pdfroom.com)

We performed experimental evolution with vaccinia virus populations harboring a SNV in a gene actively undergoing copy number amplification. (elifesciences.org)

rotavirus antibody determination by the neutralization test and electron microscopic detection of viruses in children with acute gastroenteritis]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Orangu ™ is a non-cytotoxic, sensitive, colorimetric assay for the determination of viable cell numbers in cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. (biolynx.ca)
a routine method for the determination of the virus concentration in fmd virus cultures and vaccines was developed. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Temperature sensitive mutants arrange a reversible mechanism and are able to reduce particular gene products at varying stages of growth and are easily done by changing the temperature of growth. (wikipedia.org)

new media and their advantages in the production of suspended cells and foot--and--mouth disease virus. (liverpool.ac.uk)

All sixteen UL33 mutants were again able to interact with both partners in immunofluorescence assays. (gla.ac.uk)

The average survival times and PFU/LD50 ratios of mice inoculated with Wexford (WEX) virus were significantly greater than those of either Nugget (NUG) or Great Island (GI) virus. (ox.ac.uk)
To survey the ease with which motor neuron disease (MND) can be transmitted, we injected spinal cord homogenates prepared from paralyzed mice expressing mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-G93A and G37R) into the spinal cords of genetically vulnerable SOD1 transgenic mice. (docksci.com)

Reassortment in segmented RNA viruses: mechanisms and outcomes. (wfu.edu)
Such a feature is unique among bacterial viruses (i.e., bacteriophages) and the mechanisms of virion envelopment within a bacterial host are largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
In comparison to the two general alternative mechanisms utilized by known transforming viruses to promote cell-cycle progression, namely, by activating or bypassing endogenous D-type cyclins (herein, referred to as "cyclin D"), it has not been established whether HIV-1 gene products trigger either cyclin D-dependent or cyclin D-independent proliferation in non-lymphoid tissues [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

2022). Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice. (wfu.edu)

a radioimmunoassay (ria) technique was used to compare different samples of type sat 2 foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Further studies showed that there were less chloroplasts in osbe1 mutant than in wild type, and there was no obvious stroma lamella in the osbe1 chloroplast. (chinacrops.org)

epidemic acute gastroenteritis in newborn infants with the immunoelectronoptic detection of virus]. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Temperature-sensitive mutants are useful in biological research. (wikipedia.org)
The biological relevance of mutant spectra is the central topic of this chapter. (springer.com)
Baranowski E, Ruíz-Jarabo CM, Pariente N, Verdaguer N, Domingo E (2003) Evolution of cell recognition by viruses: a source of biological novelty with medical implications. (springer.com)

Respiratory disease is a significant economic issue in pig farming, with a complex aetiology that includes swine influenza A viruses (swIAV), which are common in European domestic pig populations. (bvsalud.org)

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