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Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1TelomereTelomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidTelomere-Binding ProteinsTelomeraseG-QuadruplexesBase SequenceDNAMolecular Sequence DataTrinucleotide RepeatsTATA Box Binding Protein-Like ProteinsTandem Repeat SequencesChromosomes, HumanIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosomesDNA-Binding ProteinsNucleic Acid ConformationHeterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-BBlotting, SouthernChromosome BandingChromosome MappingMinisatellite RepeatsGuanineOligonucleotidesSea CucumbersTrinucleotide Repeat ExpansionMicrosatellite RepeatsCloning, MolecularAmino Acid SequenceRepetitive Sequences, Amino AcidAnkyrin RepeatBinding SitesCircular DichroismProtein BindingSilent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiaeDinucleotide RepeatsOligodeoxyribonucleotidesTelomere HomeostasisOxytrichaTankyrasesDNA, FungalInverted Repeat SequencesCell LineSaccharomyces cerevisiaeDNA Repeat ExpansionMolluscaMutationRetroelementsHeterochromatinRecombination, GeneticCentromereChromosomes, FungalSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsSirtuin 2Gene SilencingRNAKluyveromycesDNA, Single-StrandedTelomere ShorteningTetrahymenaPolymerase Chain ReactionSequence Analysis, DNANuclear ProteinsProtein Structure, TertiaryAllelesTranscription, GeneticDNA ReplicationDNA PrimersExodeoxyribonucleasesSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidSequence AlignmentFungal ProteinsGenetic MarkersDNA, SatelliteDNA, ProtozoanChromatinSequence Homology, Amino AcidPlasmidsRecQ HelicasesModels, GeneticVariant Surface Glycoproteins, TrypanosomaCell AgingGene DeletionRestriction MappingEuplotesPolymorphism, GeneticHeLa CellsHIV Long Terminal RepeatCell NucleusGenomic InstabilitySequence DeletionDNA HelicasesModels, MolecularDNA DamageHistonesTetrahymena thermophilaEvolution, MolecularRad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Proteinrap GTP-Binding Proteins
SequencesChromosomesHexamericSequenceSingle-stranded telomericBindsTelomeres consistReverse transcriptaseDouble-strandedShelterinChromatinSubtelomericStructurallyOligonucleotidesHumansTTGGGGTelomerase activityRibonucleoproteinProteinsLocalizationAmplification protocolCharacterizationPOT1ProbesTranslocationsTERTTandemGenesHomologuesOxidativeNuclearFactorTIN2DemonstrateGeneMechanismActivity
Sequences11
  • The protein has the ultimate use of functioning as an inhibitor of telomerase, a protein enzyme that assists in the elongation of chromosomes by the addition of sequences of TTAGGG to the end of the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein acts as cis-regulatory elements in the process of limiting the ends of individual chromosomes from elongating as facilitated by telomerase and the TTAGGG sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast to existing tools, TelomereHunter takes alignment information into account and reports the abundance of variant repeats in telomeric sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • G-rich sequences found in human genome include hexanucleotide repeat TTAGGG in telomeric ends. (cobiss.net)
  • The problem is solved in most eukaryotes by the addition of repeated sequences to the chromosome ends [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study investigated several aspects of this association in the W chromosome of Triportheus trifurcatus (2 n = 52 chromosomes), including the cytogenetic mapping of repetitive DNAs such as telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)n, microsatellites and retrotransposons. (telomerescience.com)
  • The telomeres consist of repeating sequences and a set of special proteins, which interact with these repeats and spatially organize them in a specific manner, resulting in the formation of the nucleoprotein complex known as telomeric heterochromatin [ 6 , 7 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Telomeric sequences of ase/lus aquaticus (Crust. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Individual telomeres are comprised of many kilobases of 5′-TTAGGG-3′ sequences on what's known as the G-rich strand. (healthweeks.com)
  • Human telomerase is a reverse transcriptase which synthesizes telomeric repeat sequences at the ends of chromosomes. (metu.edu.tr)
  • It serves as a template to make more TTAGGG sequences and add them to the telomere, reversing the usual shortening process. (skepdoc.info)
Chromosomes19
  • The cellular distribution of this DNA binding protein features the nucleoplasm, chromosomes, a telomeric region, a nuclear telomere cap complex, the cytoplasm, the spindle, the nucleus and a nucleolus and a nuclear chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The progressive loss of the telomeric ends of chromosomes is an important mechanism in the timing of human cellular aging. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1985, along with her student Carol Greider, Prof. Blackburn identified the enzyme responsible for adding telomeric ends to linear chromosomes, which was later named telomerase. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae sports TG 1-3 repeats on the ends of its chromosomes [ 2 ], while telomeres of both the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa and humans comprise TTAGGG repeats [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human chromosomes terminate with specialized telomeric structures including the simple tandem repeat (TTAGGG)n and additional complex subtelomeric repeats. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Telomerase is an RNA-protein complex (RNP) that comprises 30 ends of linear chromosomes which give rise to generation of the small telomere-repeat sequence (TTGGGG in ciliates and TTAGGG in humans) by using RNA prototype. (springeropen.com)
  • The telomeric repeat (TTAGGG)n was highly evident in both telomeres of all chromosomes without the occurrence of ITS. (telomerescience.com)
  • Mammalian telomeres are sequential hexameric TTAGGG DNA repeats that cap the ends of linear chromosomes. (grantome.com)
  • Structurally, the telomeric DNA forms a lariat, or T-loop, at the end of each chromosome to shield the ends of linear chromosomes from degradation and/or illegitimate recombination. (grantome.com)
  • Intro The mammalian telomerase ribonucleoprotein complicated provides TTAGGG repeats to telomeres, the ends of linear chromosomes. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization and BAL31 nuclease digestion demonstrate that the (TTAGGG)n sequence occurs at the extreme termini of the chromosomes and also at an interstitial site. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Keywords: telomere ageing shelterin repressor/activator protein 1 telomeric repeat factor CORIN 2 human being dermal fibroblasts oxidative tension Introduction Telomeres will be the specific nucleoprotein structures bought at the ends from the linear chromosomes INO-1001 of eukaryotic cells. (healthweeks.com)
  • Telomeres are specialized structures at the end of chromosomes and consist of stretches of repetitive DNA (5'-TTAGGG-3' in vertebrates and trypanosomatids) and associated proteins [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Somatic cells do not have telomerase activity and stop dividing when the telomeric ends of at least some chromosomes have been shortened to a critical length. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Human telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that adds hexameric TTAGGG repeats to the ends of chromosomes in order to prevent their shortening. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Telomerase uses its RNA subunit as a template for the addition of hexameric repeats at the ends of chromosomes. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Fusion of the break-off donor chromosome segment to telomeric or interstitial regions of recipient chromosomes can form different chromosomal patterns of jumping translocations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A telomere is a repeating DNA sequence (for example, TTAGGG) at the end of the body's chromosomes. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequence of TTAGGG that, together with the protein shelterin complex, provide a protective cap at the end of our chromosomes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hexameric1
  • Background:Telomerase is an enzyme that adds hexameric TTAGGG nucleotide repeats onto the ends of vertebrate chromosomal DNAs (i.e., telomeres) to compensate for losses that occur with each round of DNA replication. (elsevierpure.com)
Sequence5
  • An 11-nt long G-rich DNA oligonucleotide, 5′-d(GTGTGGGTGTG)-3′, corresponding to the most abundant sequence motif in irregular telomeric DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) has been shown to fold into a G-hairpin. (cobiss.net)
  • A large role suggested for G-quadruplexes with antiparallel basket-type topology stimulated our study by NMR, CD, and UV spectroscopy focused on oligonucleotide d[TAGGG(TTAGGG)2TTAGG] (designated as htel1-G23), a truncated version of the human telomere sequence forming hybrid-1 G-quadruplex. (cobiss.net)
  • The six-subunit protein complex shelterin binds and protects telomeric DNA with sequence specificity functioning to both inhibit the DNA damage response and regulate T-loop formation. (grantome.com)
  • The repeated sequence TTAGGG is present at all tested vertebrate telomeres including those of humans and at the telomeres of evolutionarily very distant organisms such as trypanosomes and slime moulds. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Every chromosome has a telomere, a repeated sequence of nucleotides at the end of the DNA strand. (skepdoc.info)
Single-stranded telomeric2
  • For example, TRF1 can control telomerase access through its interaction with TIN2, PTOP/PIP1 and the single-stranded telomeric DNA-binding protein POT1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depletion of TPP1 or POT1 results in the deregulation of the single-stranded telomeric terminal overhang and the induction of a DNA damage response at telomeres [ 5 - 7 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Binds4
  • Telomeric Repeat Factor 1 (TRF1) is a protein that binds at telomere ends. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats (By similarity). (gliome.org)
  • The TPP1-POT1 complex helps prevent a DNA damage repair response in the telomeric overhang site (17 18 TPP1 is also involved in linking POT1 to TIN2 (13 19 20 As TIN2 also binds to TRF1 and TRF2 it serves to connect all the DNA binding activities of shelterin (21-23). (healthweeks.com)
  • Among the shelterin components, TRF1 and TRF2 bind directly to duplex telomeric repeats [ 2 ], while POT1 binds to the single-stranded regions of telomeres [ 3 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Telomeres consist1
  • Mammalian telomeres consist of TTAGGG repeats structured in nucleosomes and associated with a six-protein complex known as shelterin which preserves telomere structure and protects chromosome ends from your cellular DNA damage response. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
Reverse transcriptase7
  • Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA are amongst the favorable target for researchers to discover novel and more effective anticancer agents. (springeropen.com)
  • To understand and elucidate structure activity relationship and mechanism of inhibition of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA, a QSAR modeling and molecular docking were conducted. (springeropen.com)
  • 0.7783, Q 2 -F1: 0.7078, Q 2 -F2: 0.6865, Q 2 -F3: 0.7346) for envisaging the inhibitory activity of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. (springeropen.com)
  • The validated QSAR analyses can detect structural alerts, pharmacophore modelling can classify a molecule's consensus pharmacophore involving hydrophobic and acceptor regions, whereas docking analysis can reveal the mechanism of dual inhibition of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. (springeropen.com)
  • Telomerase synthesizes chromosome-capping telomeric repeats using an active site in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and an integral RNA subunit template. (elifesciences.org)
  • Telomerase consists of two major components: reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TER), which contains the template domain for the telomere repeat synthesis [ 9 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
  • The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. (nih.gov)
Double-stranded4
  • Additionally, the protein has a molecular function of binding telomeric DNA and the double-stranded telomeric DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Native and full length LaTRF and a mutant bearing the putative Myb-like domain expressed in bacteria bound double-stranded telomeric DNA in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
  • proteins that bind specifically to single-stranded G-rich DNA, proteins that bind to double-stranded DNA and proteins that interact with telomeric factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks. (nih.gov)
Shelterin3
  • Recently this protective cap at telomere ends has expanded beyond shelterin to include the telomere repeat- containing RNA, TERRA. (grantome.com)
  • The six subunits of shelterin are telomeric repeat element 1 (TRF1) TRF2 TERF1-interacting nuclear element 2 (TIN2) safety of telomeres protein 1 (POT1) tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) and repressor/activator protein 1 (RAP1). (healthweeks.com)
  • Depletion of TIN2 causes profound telomere deprotection phenotypes including destabilization of the shelterin complex, activation of telomeric DNA damage signaling, and increased apoptosis [ 9 , 11 - 14 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Chromatin3
  • The telomeric repeat-binding factor 1 protein is also used in the binding of chromatin and the whole activity of bending of the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results recommended that MLL like its fungus homologue might exert a function at telomeres perhaps by regulating telomere transcription as well as the establishment or maintenance of telomeric chromatin. (biodiversityhotspot.org)
  • The nucleosome is the repeating unit of chromatin and it is composed of an octamer histone core that holds together around 145 base pairs of DNA in a disc-shaped configuration. (metu.edu.tr)
Subtelomeric2
  • This phenomenon, called 'telomeric silencing', or 'telomere position effect' (TPE), was initially discovered and studied using transgenes but it also appears to regulate endogenous subtelomeric genes [ 6 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In human cells, TERRA is transcribed from the C-strand within the subtelomeric region and transcription elongation extends into the telomere repeats generating a transcript between 200bp and 9kb. (grantome.com)
Structurally1
Oligonucleotides1
  • Structural studies with the use of solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have shown that oligonucleotides containing AGCGA repeats fold into structures that belong to a new structural family which we named AGCGA-quadruplexes. (cobiss.net)
Humans4
  • Telomeric repeat-binding factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TERF1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • In humans, telomeric DNA consists mainly of non-coding t-type (TTAGGG) repeats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Telomeric silencing has been demonstrated in organisms ranging from yeasts to humans (reviewed in [ 9 ]) but it has been best characterized in S. cerevisiae , Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Drosophila melanogaster , organisms that have no, or very little, DNA methylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In humans, TRF1 may control the length of telomeric repeats through various mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
TTGGGG1
  • She found that the telomeres of pond scum are composed of short, repeating patterns of the nucleotides thymine and guanine, in the form of TTGGGG. (frontiersin.org)
Telomerase activity2
  • Open up in BMS-562247-01 another windows Fig. 1 A film of chemioluminescence recognition of the imply leukocyte TFR size Recognition of telomerase activity by Capture assay For quantitative evaluation of telomerase activity, a Telomeric Do it again Amplification Process (Capture) (Kim and Wu 1997) and a photometric enzyme immunoassay had been performed using TeloTelomearse PCR ElisaPlus package (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, USA), based on the producers protocol. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • In this study telomerase activity was examined in tumor specimens obtained from cervix, endometrium and their non-cancerous regions by an improved telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) silver staining assay. (metu.edu.tr)
Ribonucleoprotein1
  • Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. (nih.gov)
Proteins5
  • TERRA is localized within the nucleus and associates with both the telomeric DNA and telomere associated proteins. (grantome.com)
  • The primary human being telomerase consists of the catalytic invert transcriptase proteins component (hTERT) and the telomerase RNA (known as hTR, hTER, or hTERC) that provides the template for telomeric DNA activity (1). (insulin-receptor.info)
  • The importance of telomeric proteins for telomere maintenance has increased our interest in the identification of homologues within the genus Leishmania . (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are three classes of telomeric proteins, viz. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other non-telomeric proteins, such as the DNA repair proteins Mre11 and Rad51, also play important roles at telomeres [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Localization1
  • The nuclear localization of LaTRF, its association and co-localization with parasite telomeres and its high identity with TbTRF protein, support the hypothesis that LaTRF is a Leishmania telomeric protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Amplification protocol1
Characterization1
  • The molecular characterization was based on the RAPD markers, telomeric fingerprinting and ITS sequencing. (scielo.br)
POT12
  • The POT1 protein is found in the 3′ end of the G-rich strand bound to the single-stranded TTAGGG repeats (15). (healthweeks.com)
  • TPP1 forms a heterodimer with POT1 and enhances the affinity of POT1 for telomeric ssDNA [ 4 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
Probes2
  • A complete set of human telomeric probes and their clinical application. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The PCR items were put into two aliquots, denatured, destined to a streptavidin-coated 96-well dish, and hybridized to a digoxigenin (Drill down)-tagged telomeric repeat-specific probes, particular for the telomeric repeats and it is. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
Translocations1
  • The human telomeric regions represent a major diagnostic challenge in clinical cytogenetics, because most of the terminal bands are G negative, and cryptic deletions and translocations in the telomeric regions are therefore difficult to detect by conventional cytogenetic methods. (ox.ac.uk)
TERT2
  • The analysis reveals that carbon atom exactly at 3 bonds from aromatic carbon atom, nitrogen atom exactly at six bonds from planer nitrogen atom, aromatic carbon atom within 2 A 0 from the center of mass of molecule and occurrence of element hydrogen within 2 A 0 from donar atom are the key pharmacophoric features important for dual inhibition of TERT and human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA. (springeropen.com)
  • Molecular docking analysis support QSAR analysis and revealed that, dual inhibition of TERT and human telomeric DNA is mainly contributed from hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. (springeropen.com)
Tandem1
Genes1
  • A high concentration of genes and a number of candidate genes for recognizable syndromes are known to be present in telomeric regions. (ox.ac.uk)
Homologues1
  • One of the five Drosophila SIR2 homologues was tested for involvement in telomeric silencing but none was detected [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxidative1
  • And, G-quadruplex formation on single stranded DNA is one of the ways that the telomeric DNA is protected from oxidative stress and from triggering the DNA-damage response (DDR), which causes cellular senescence. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Nuclear1
Factor2
  • The telomeric repeat binding factor 1 protein is present at telomeres, where the cells aging aspect is monitored, throughout the typical cell cycle process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Swi6 is recruited to telomeres by interaction with the telomere repeat binding factor Taz1, which interacts with Rap1 and the RNAi-RITS complex [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
TIN21
Demonstrate1
  • We demonstrate the presence of telomeric silencing in Neurospora and show a dependence on histone deacetylases and methylation of histone H3 lysine 9. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene1
  • To overcome this challenge, we have designed a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) system that allows us to manipulate gene expression from the endogenous TERRA promoter. (grantome.com)
Mechanism1
  • The mechanism of telomeric silencing is largely unknown in plants and animals [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity1
  • In addition, TRF2 can modulate the activity of several enzymes and influence the conformation of telomeric DNA. (biomedcentral.com)