• Intracellular transport of lysosomes is carried out in membrane-bound vesicles through the use of motor proteins. (awm-math.org)
  • Thus, users are advised to fully validate their application if they desire to obtain high quality data that includes surface proteins, intracellular proteins, and RNA expression data. (biolegend.com)
  • This includes TotalSeq™ antibodies targeting intracellular proteins of interest. (biolegend.com)
  • Notch receptors are single-pass transmembrane proteins composed of functional Notch extracellular domain (NECD), transmembrane (TM), and Notch intracellular domains (NICD). (frontiersin.org)
  • The strategies they have developed to subvert intracellular trafficking are often unknown, and SNARE proteins, which are essential for membrane fusion, are possible targets. (pasteur.fr)
  • In fundamental cell biological processes such as signal transduction, enzymatic activity or intracellular fusion during vesicular transport, a large number of proteins are recruited to and released from the cytoplasmic surface of intracellular membranes (Casey et al. (biologists.com)
  • There have been suggestions, however, that water in cells is not in its normal liquid state but is somehow 'tamed' and cannot move about as freely inside the viscous intracellular environment, a thick soup of proteins and other molecules. (scienceinschool.org)
  • The details of how proteins are moved around within a cell are being deciphered with high-powered microscopy combined with sophisticated techniques for labeling individual molecules, including fluorescent or "quantum dot" tags and antibodies tailored to adhere to a protein in a particular state of activation. (alzforum.org)
  • Intracellular proteins are all naturally cramped up in the restrictive confines of the cell. (medgadget.com)
  • NIST's nanodroplets can mimic the crowded environment in cells where the proteins live while providing advantages over other techniques to confine or immobilize proteins for study that may interfere with or damage the protein. (medgadget.com)
  • Mechanistically, we found that the HSC stimulating effect of CPX was directly mediated by chelation of the intracellular iron pool, which in turn affected iron-dependent proteins and enzymes mediating cellular metabolism and respiration. (lu.se)
  • We start this review by describing three techniques that can be used for this purpose: (i) affinity-tagged proteins (ii) the two-hybrid system and (iii) some quantitative proteomic techniques that can be used in combination with, e.g., affinity chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation for screening of protein-protein interactions. (lu.se)
  • Four strategies for validation of protein-protein interactions are presented: confocal microscopy for intracellular colocalization of proteins, coimmunoprecipitation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and spectroscopic studies. (lu.se)
  • In addition, you will have the opportunity to learn microbiologic and immunologic techniques and to express and purify recombinant proteins. (lu.se)
  • It is not currently known whether microbial reads identified from tumor sequencing datasets result from contamination or represent either extracellular or intracellular microbial residents of the tumor microenvironment. (umd.edu)
  • (B) γ-secretase cleaves the Intracellular domain (ICD) from the extracellular domain. (frontiersin.org)
  • AD is characterized by progressive memory loss and the prominent markers are extracellular amyloid plaques, made of amyloid β (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau 1 . (nature.com)
  • We use a variety of techniques in rodent visual cortex, including intracellular and extracellular recordings in vivo , chronic recordings in awake behaving animals, and optogenetic manipulations of neural activity. (yale.edu)
  • To explore this issue, we use intracellular and extracellular recordings, along with molecular genetics techniques. (yale.edu)
  • By contrast, obligate intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycobacterium leprae do, and this trait makes them a challenge to culture and study in the lab. (the-scientist.com)
  • Obligate intracellular pathogens will often have reduced genomes compared to the facultative variety, a genetic tendency that is reflective of their more limited lifestyle. (the-scientist.com)
  • The obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia replicate within an intracellular vacuole, termed an inclusion. (pasteur.fr)
  • Chlamydia organisms are obligate intracellular bacteria that must be isolated in tissue culture, mice, or chick embryos. (cdc.gov)
  • Q fever (see the image below) is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate gram-negative intracellular bacterium. (medscape.com)
  • And she gained a new appreciation for the myriad other types of intracellular bacteria, a diverse group that includes many medically significant pathogens such as Salmonella , Listeria, and Chlamydia , as well as the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy. (the-scientist.com)
  • Many intracellular pathogens rely on host cell membrane compartments for their survival. (pasteur.fr)
  • they cannot be destroyed using current techniques for inactivating pathogens in the blood supply. (medscape.com)
  • Careful donor selection, vigilant screening, lookback programs, inactivation of pathogens, and continuous efforts to develop new techniques for screening and inactivation will be required to make blood products, and thus blood transfusions, continually safe. (medscape.com)
  • Further, we study how intracellular C3 contributes to recognition and clearance of intracellular bacterial pathogens. (lu.se)
  • Staining of intracellular molecules can sometimes require specific fixation and permeabilization conditions that are not conducive between all clones. (biolegend.com)
  • The following flow cytometry staining protocol for intracellular molecules using detergents to permeabilize cell membranes has been developed and optimized by Bio-Techne. (novusbio.com)
  • To ensure that the correct sets of molecules talk to each other, the intracellular space is highly structured and special signals are employed to move specific molecules from one structure to another. (alzforum.org)
  • More recently, the realization that macro- principal experimental challenge is to resolve and quantify molecules occupy 20-30% of the intracellular volume has populations of protein oligomers in dynamic equilibrium. (lu.se)
  • Monitoring and control of the intracellular ion concentration is extremely important in understanding second messengers and intracellular signal transduction. (dojindo.com)
  • Rather, it was produced by a tiny intracellular bacterium known as Legionella pneumophila , the pathogen behind a serious lung infection called Legionnaire's disease. (the-scientist.com)
  • For Mukherjee, the paper was a revelation: not only did it identify the fastest way yet to target Golgi biology, it suggested that scientists could use intracellular bacteria "as a lens to understand basic processes inside the cell. (the-scientist.com)
  • Research on how intracellular bacteria take control of their hosts is not only informing scientists about how these microbes cause disease, but revealing secrets of mammalian biology, says Mukherjee, who now heads up a lab at the University of California (UC), San Francisco. (the-scientist.com)
  • Intracellular bacteria vary considerably in how dependent they are on their hosts. (the-scientist.com)
  • So-called facultative intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Legionella pneumophila do not need to be inside a host cell to reproduce. (the-scientist.com)
  • 2022) Alternative splicing encodes novel intracellular CD59 isoforms that mediate insulin secretion and are downregulated in diabetic islets. (lu.se)
  • Optimization of antibody staining concentration is essential to obtain good quality data in antibody-based applications such as surface and intracellular staining using TotalSeq™ antibodies. (biolegend.com)
  • The sodium ion (Na + ) is the main determinant of the body fluid distribution, and transsarcolemmal Na + gradient is a key regulator of the various intracellular ions and metabolites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dojindo offers a wide selection of fluorescent intracellular ion probes for calcium, proton, zinc, and chloride ions. (dojindo.com)
  • The role of intracellular zinc ions in apoptosis has also been discussed for several decades. (dojindo.com)
  • Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
  • used a technique called patch-clamp to study the movement of ions across the membrane of melanosomes from skin and eye cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Changes in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) are known to influence a variety of events in developing neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) may be part of the signaling pathway by which both local environmental factors and cell autonomous developmental programs influence corticogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Obligately intracellular Rickettsia spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Overview of Rickettsial and Related Infections Rickettsial diseases (rickettsioses) and related diseases (anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, Q fever, scrub typhus) are caused by a group of gram-negative, obligately intracellular coccobacilli. (msdmanuals.com)
  • ABSTRACT This study aimed to establish an accurate and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the diagnosis of active human brucellosis in Egypt. (who.int)
  • Their fluorescent signal intensities or wavelengths change because each intracellular calcium probe has a calcium-selective chelator and a fluorescent moiety in its molecule. (dojindo.com)
  • We monitor intracellular calcium in the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum using several fluorescence imaging techniques. (rochester.edu)
  • Depending on your experimental set up, you may find abundant intracellular targets such as cytokines. (biolegend.com)
  • For low cell density or poorly expressed intracellular targets, techniques like Single-Cell Westerns may be advantageous. (novusbio.com)
  • Besides, NGF binding to TrkA receptors encouraged the intracellular Warburg effect in PC and DRG cells. (hindawi.com)
  • A living cell has many different receptors on its surface by the activation of which information is transferred to the intracellular spaces. (dojindo.com)
  • Here we describe an in-cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based method for measuring the intracellular glutathione redox potential by direct and quantitative measurement of isotopically labeled glutathione introduced exogenously into living yeast. (nist.gov)
  • Live cell imaging and single particle tracking techniques have become increasingly popular amongst the mathematical biology community. (awm-math.org)
  • The following protocol describes combined surface and intracellular protein staining with TotalSeq™-B antibodies, with or without TotalSeq™-B hashtag antibodies using the Single Cell 3' v3.1 Feature Barcoding technology from 10x Genomics. (biolegend.com)
  • This technique should be used during all cell washes. (biolegend.com)
  • We develop a computational approach named CSI-Microbes (computational identification of Cell type Specific Intracellular Microbes) that mines single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets to distinguish cell-type specific intracellular microbes from other microbes. (umd.edu)
  • We show that a variety of histological procedures can be carried out (cyto- and myeloarchitectonics, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, intracellular cell injection, and electron microscopy). (lu.se)
  • Among novel, emerging techniques PEF is one of the most promising in order to achieve a gentle, non thermal pasteurisation or cell disintegration. (otago.ac.nz)
  • New antitumor strategies using drugs targeted to intracellular signaling involved in cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis have become promising in recent years. (researchgate.net)
  • Therefore, a combination of specialized techniques is often required to characterize and confirm cell death in the system of interest. (cshlpress.com)
  • However, as the result of recent advancements in microscopic imaging technology and computational image processing techniques [ 1 ], there has been significant growth of research towards translational computational systems that can detect, analyze, classify, and quantify cell nuclei from microscopic images. (hindawi.com)
  • Adapting to robust automated image processing techniques for primary tasks such as cell nuclei segmentation and quantification will not only prove to be time efficient for pathologists, but these techniques will also be capable of producing consistent results. (hindawi.com)
  • In recent years, numerous image processing techniques have been proposed for cell nuclei segmentation [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • While some techniques only perform the task of cell nuclei segmentation and quantification, techniques that are capable of further detecting and classifying abnormal tumors (cell nuclei) that cause various types of cancer have also been proposed. (hindawi.com)
  • K-means clustering is implemented as unsupervised color clustering technique for cell nuclei segmentation in [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A popular technique in the realm of image processing known as region growing is combined with a graph-cuts-based algorithm that incorporates Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filtering to detect cell nuclei [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • An adaptive-attention-window-(AAW-) based cell nuclei segmentation technique that exploits quadtree decomposition is proposed by Ko et al. (hindawi.com)
  • Hancock, 2004), and cell volume regulation (Garner and technique known as magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD). (lu.se)
  • This protocol has been validated solely for the detection of surface or intracellular protein expression with the corresponding TotalSeq™-B antibodies. (biolegend.com)
  • Such techniques include chemoenzymatic approaches, expressed protein ligation, and amber suppression in combination with bioorthogonal modification strategies. (cipsm.de)
  • Here, we introduce a powerful new technique, fast field-cycling magnetic relaxation dispersion, for investigating crowding effects on protein self-association equilibria. (lu.se)
  • â ¢ How do the complex network structures constrain intracellular signaling processing? (aiche.org)
  • The existence of intracellular structures, the gas vesicles, provides cells with buoyancy. (kenyon.edu)
  • This procedure resulted in similar morphological features to those obtained by intravascular perfusion in experimental animals, provided that the postmortem interval was under 10 h for several of the techniques used and under 4 h in the case of intracellular injections and electron microscopy. (lu.se)
  • This paper describes three techniques for preparing biological tissue sections for correlation of light microscopy (LM) and scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. (cdc.gov)
  • Electron microscopy showed intracellular nanoceria particles bioprocessed to form crystalline cerium phosphate nanoneedles. (cdc.gov)
  • This methodology is based on concepts provided by the FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching) technique and refined to evidence the spatiotemporal production of ROS, and the subsequent consequences, on a subcellular scale. (bvsalud.org)
  • One project in the lab is focused on using these combined techniques to map out circuit dynamics in visual cortex in vivo . (yale.edu)
  • Coxiella burnetii is a small, intracellular, pleomorphic bacillus that is no longer classified as Rickettsia . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Intracellular Staining Permeabilization Wash Buffer (10x) (BioLegend, Cat. (biolegend.com)
  • It is important to keep the cells in the presence of Permeabilization/Wash Buffer I during intracellular staining. (novusbio.com)
  • However, the intracellular information processing remains poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • While plasma membrane ion channels have been extensively studied, much less is known about the identity and physiology of intracellular channels because they are less accessible to direct electrophysiological characterization. (elifesciences.org)
  • By participating in our research projects, you will gain valuable experience in cutting-edge research techniques, broaden your understanding of cellular mechanisms in physiology and disease, and contribute to our mission to advance knowledge in the field of immunology. (lu.se)
  • Intracellular sodium ([Na + ] i ) kinetics are involved in cardiac diseases including ischemia, heart failure, and hypertrophy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An increase in intracellular Ca 2+ is well established, but there are few studies of changes in intracellular Cl - ([Cl - ] i ) after ischemia. (jneurosci.org)
  • Recently, more attention has been focused on changes in intracellular Cl - and its role in ischemia-induced neuronal death. (jneurosci.org)
  • BD Biosciences has developed innovative dyes across every laser line for providing panel design flexibility and a comprehensive portfolio of conjugated antibodies to help deep characterization of surface, intracellular or secreted markers. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Evidences suggest that Ca 2+ channels TRP and Orai participate in the intracellular Ca 2+ signaling involved the physiological angiogenesis processes [17]. (researchgate.net)
  • Intracellular ion channels are essential regulators of organellar and cellular function, yet the molecular identity and physiological role of many of these channels remains elusive. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although the use of microscopy and ratio imaging in combination with SBFI has some merits, including the fact that it requires a minimal number of cells, permits the discrimination against dye leaked out of the cells, and provides the ability to see indicator compartmentalization [ 6 ], this technique requires a fluorescence microscope equipment to switch between filters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent applications range from sophisticated imaging and mass spectrometry to the delivery of nanobodies into living cells for the visualization and manipulation of intracellular antigens. (cipsm.de)
  • Together these techniques provide a better understanding of the local modulation and control of Ca2+ signals. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Bullseye Analysis: A Fluorescence Microscopy Technique to Detect Local Changes in Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production. (bvsalud.org)
  • We report a new fluorescence microscopy -based technique , Bullseye Analysis . (bvsalud.org)
  • Non-invasive and real-time analysis of cellular redox processes has been greatly hampered by lack of suitable measurement techniques. (nist.gov)
  • This article will convey a proven technique of altering diet and exercise that affects the natural processes for muscle gain and fat loss. (nfpt.com)
  • Sphingomyelinase follows the same intracellular targeting and posttranslational processes as most of the lysosomal hydrolases. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis is confirmed by several serologic techniques, isolation of the organism, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (msdmanuals.com)
  • This article discusses the pathophysiology and techniques of organ preservation and describes various preservation solutions currently used for kidney , liver , pancreas , small-bowel , lung , and heart transplantation . (medscape.com)
  • A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
  • Another technique that uses contour detection and contour optimization combined with local gradient information and color deconvolution has been used to detect the optimal threshold values for nuclei segmentation [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • All three patterns of activity were dependent on the release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores. (jneurosci.org)
  • Epoxy embedding - for the best intracellular details and tissue patterns, without interference from grid bars. (cdc.gov)
  • The use of intravascular fixation of the brain inside the skull provides a fixed whole human brain, perfectly fitted to the skull, with negligible deformation compared to conventional techniques. (lu.se)
  • This pathway plays a prominent role in inter- and intracellular communication and subversion can lead to cancer, fibrosis vascular disorders, and immune diseases. (lu.se)
  • However, specialized computational techniques are required to effectively analyze this genomic data. (umd.edu)
  • Researchers from 21st Century Medicine (21CM) used a new technique called Aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation that filled the vascular system of the rabbit brain with chemicals that would allow it to be cooled to -211 degrees Fahrenheit (-135 degrees Celsius). (newsweek.com)
  • Culture technique is a specific diagnostic procedure that allows the recovery of the etiologic agent. (cdc.gov)
  • Techniques for organ preservation serve to minimize this damage to promote optimal graft survival and function. (medscape.com)
  • Our technique can rapidly measure [Na + ] i with accuracy and sensitivity comparable to the traditional microscopy based method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Even though optical microscopy is limited in lateral and axial resolution to limits of approximately 200 and 500 nanometers, respectively, recent breakthroughs have resulted in the introduction of superresolution imaging techniques that have broken this diffraction limit. (microscopyu.com)
  • The first commercial applications of the technique have been achieved. (otago.ac.nz)