Technique anesthesia caudal. Medical search. Frequent questions

The image below depicts pencil point spinal needles used in spinal anesthesia. (medscape.com)
Epidural, spinal, and caudal anesthetics are associated with a small but real risk of headaches. (metrowestanesthesia.com)
View the Life/form® Spinal Injection Simulator being used to demonstrate a Post Dura Puncture Headache (PDPH) prevention technique at www.go-aps.com/spinal/hatfalvi.mpg, and for more information on PDPH prevention, visit www.prevent-pdph.org. (cpr-depot.ca)
Neuraxial anesthesia is a term that denotes all forms of central blocks, involving the spinal, epidural, and caudal spaces. (johnshopkins.edu)
used for infiltration anesthesia and for nerve block techniques including peripheral, sympathetic, epidural (including caudal), and spinal block anesthesia. (illnesshacker.com)
Local anesthetic solutions containing antimicrobial preservatives (e.g., methylparaben) should not be used for epidural or spinal anesthesia because the safety of these agents has not been established with regard to intrathecal injection, either intentional or accidental. (recallguide.org)
Background To investigate the clinical effect of anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) technique for the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy with spinal stenosis (MCSMSS), and compare ACAF with hybrid decompression fixation (HDF). (researchsquare.com)
The Spinal Injection Simulator is a valuable training and teaching aid allowing realistic demonstration and practice of all spinal injections.Spinal injection techniques include: spinal anesthesia spinal tap epidural analgesia caudal. (drwonganatomy.com)
It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (pharmfair.com)
Anesthesia for surgery on the testicles and epididymis can easily be obtained by performing either a spinal anesthetic (with an insensate level of at least thoracic level 10) or an epidural anesthetic. (medscape.com)

The use of epidural analgesia for labor has grown significantly over the past decades in the United States, and most women now request anesthesia services for the management of pain during labor. (medscape.com)
This article contains descriptions of numerous anesthetic and analgesic techniques to assist the birthing process, including intravenous analgesia, peripheral nerve blocks, neuraxial anesthesia, and general anesthesia. (medscape.com)
Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection contains bupivacaine hydrochloride, an amide local anesthetic indicated in adults for the production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, oral surgery procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures. (nih.gov)
For each type of block indicated to produce local or regional anesthesia or analgesia, specific concentrations and presentations are recommended. (nih.gov)
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine versus ketamine when added to caudal bupivacaine on the incidence of emergence delerium (ED), postoperative sedation, and analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair under sevoflurane anesthesia. (springeropen.com)
Patients received caudal dexmedetomidine had longer time to 1st postoperative analgesia and less postoperative analgesic consumption but longer postoperative sedation when compared with ketamine with no significant difference between both drugs as regards the incidence of perioperative adverse events. (springeropen.com)
More recently, the ACVA updated its title to the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, highlighting the increased awareness of the importance of analgesia among veterinary specialists. (asra.com)
Clinical local anesthesia is apparent for up to 18 hours, obviating the need for postoperative analgesia. (tumescent.org)
However, with appropriate instrumentation and surgical method, the tumescent technique permits liposuction of large volumes of fat totally by local anesthesia, without IV sedation or narcotic analgesia. (tumescent.org)
However, the anesthesia produced by the tumescent technique is so complete that it permits liposuction of large volumes of fat totally by local anesthesia, without IV sedation or narcotic analgesia. (tumescent.org)
Anesthesia in medically complex patients or those involving multiple stages of surgical intervention may include multimodal analgesia, various neuraxial or regional anesthetic block techniques in addition to general anesthesia and may require inpatient stays where postoperative acute pain services can be provided. (pediatricurologybook.com)
This confirms human newborn research that found that the failure to provide anesthesia or analgesia for newborn circumcision resulted not only in short-term physiologic perturbations but also in longer-term behavioral changes. (nysora.com)
The use of parenteral analgesia with or without sedation is recommended before the application of local penile anesthesia. (medscape.com)

The tumescent technique for local anesthesia permits regional local anesthesia of the skin and subcutaneous tissues by direct infiltration. (tumescent.org)
The subcutaneous infiltration of large volumes of dilute anesthetic solution is accomplished using two instruments, a handle and a needle, specifically designed for use with the tumescent technique. (tumescent.org)
For the production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection and intravenous regional anesthesia by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostal and by central neural techniques such as lumbar and caudal epidural blocks. (illnesshacker.com)
Patients who do not achieve adequate anesthesia with the topical application of an anesthetic cream should receive either a local anesthetic infiltration or a penile block. (medscape.com)

List of indications: Obstetrics and general surgery below the umbilicus Acute and chronic pain refractory to conservative management Patients with previous lumbar spine surgery Patients who are "anticoagulated" or have coagulopathy Contraindications to caudal anesthesia include patient or guardian refusal, localized infection over the sacral area, severe coagulopathy and elevated intracranial pressure. (wikipedia.org)
Some of the risks associated with caudal anesthesia include: Needle misplacement leading to subdural, intravascular, intraosseous or antesacral injection with rectum perforation Infection, such as epidural abscess, meningitis or sacral osteomyelitis Low blood pressure Injury to the nerve roots Epidural hematoma Local anesthetic toxicity, more frequently following caudal anesthesia than it does following lumbar or thoracic blocks. (wikipedia.org)
Three mL of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection without antimicrobial preservative (0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine) is recommended for use as a test dose prior to caudal and lumbar epidural blocks when clinical conditions permit. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
In this section, we review the surgical techniques of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy(TELD). (jmisst.org)

The cranio-caudal view gives more informations in case of medial or lateral luxation. (vin.com)
C-arm positioning should start from AP view then the fluoroscope position will me changed to cranio-caudal direction to get the submental-view. (samobathi.com)

Caudal anaesthesia (or caudal anesthesia) is a form of neuraxial regional anaesthesia conducted by accessing the epidural space via the sacral hiatus. (wikipedia.org)
This paper will provide an overview of the pertinent anatomical, pharmacological, immunological, and technical aspects of epidural anesthesia in both adult and pediatric populations and will discuss the recent advances, the related rare but potentially devastating complications, and the current recommendations for the use of anticoagulants in the setting of neuraxial block placement. (johnshopkins.edu)

There have been reports of cardiac arrest with difficult resuscitation or death during use of bupivacaine hydrochloride for epidural anesthesia in obstetrical patients. (nih.gov)
Eighty seven pediatric patients who underwent elective inguinal hernia repair under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly distributed into one of three equal groups. (springeropen.com)
Patients of group B received caudal injectate of 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%, while group BK patients received caudal injectate of 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% mixed with ketamine 0.5 mg/kg, and group BD patients received caudal injectate of 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% mixed with dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg. (springeropen.com)
Regional anesthesia for veterinary patients was first described in the early 1900s. (asra.com)
First, since nonhuman patients are nonverbal, they cannot communicate their degree of pain or the efficacy of an analgesic technique that has been employed. (asra.com)
Regional anesthesia in feline patients, for example, can be more challenging than regional anesthesia in canine patients. (asra.com)
ANESTHESIA PREOPERATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PATIENTS ON MEDICATIONS On the day of surgery you may continue to take oral medication pills as usual, except those listed below, with a small sip of water. (metrowestanesthesia.com)
Caudal block is a common anesthetic option for pediatric patients undergoing sub-umbilical surgery. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Specifically, caudal block under sedation has been considered effective in high-risk patients such as neonates and infants. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Anesthesia plans may vary to include anesthesia for same-day outpatient surgery procedures in healthy patients with an isolated urologic concern or they may be more involved and complex. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Medically complex patients may benefit from a visit to the pre-anesthesia or pre-surgical optimization clinic to ensure that all follow-up information is up to date (e.g., echocardiogram and cardiology clearance in patients with congenital heart disease) and to allow for timely completion of any necessary laboratory work or imaging. (pediatricurologybook.com)
Obtain informed consent from patients for anesthesia procedures. (whatcareerisrightforme.com)
Assess patients' medical histories to predict anesthesia response. (whatcareerisrightforme.com)
Administer post-anesthesia medications or fluids to support patients' cardiovascular systems. (whatcareerisrightforme.com)
Evaluate patients' post-surgical or post-anesthesia responses, taking appropriate corrective actions or requesting consultation if complications occur. (whatcareerisrightforme.com)
Select and prescribe post-anesthesia medications or treatments to patients. (whatcareerisrightforme.com)
Discharge patients from post-anesthesia care. (whatcareerisrightforme.com)
In adult patients, caudal anesthesia is generally not performed because of a high failure rate in this population. (medscape.com)

Four rates of cardiac output were induced by occlusion of the caudal vena cava, changes in depth of anesthesia, or administration of dobutamine. (avma.org)
Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. (lookformedical.com)

The technique of intra-articular and intramuscular injection should include precautions against injection or leakage into the dermis. (recallguide.org)

Intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier Block). (nih.gov)
There have been reports of cardiac arrest and death during the use of bupivacaine for intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier Block). (nih.gov)

Caudal anaesthesia is a relatively low-risk technique commonly used, either on its own or in combination with sedation or general anaesthesia. (wikipedia.org)
Animals generally lack self-restraint, and most will require heavy sedation or general anesthesia prior to administration of locoregional anesthesia. (asra.com)

Emergence delerium (ED) is still remaining as a major problem during the early stage of recovery from general anesthesia in children. (springeropen.com)
Sevoflurane is commonly used for pediatric general anesthesia due to its lack of airway irritation, hemodynamic characteristics, and lower pungency (Brioni et al. (springeropen.com)
Following femoral and sciatic blockade, surgical procedures of the knee and distal pelvic limb have been reported under sedation rather than general anesthesia in dogs. (asra.com)
Local nasal anesthesia, sedation, or light general anesthesia may be necessary for placement of a nasoesophageal/ nasogastric tube in dogs and cats. (vin.com)
particularly with debilitated cats), administer 1 to 2 mg/kg of ketamine intravenously to obtain light general anesthesia. (vin.com)
If the patient does not tolerate passage of the tube, sedation or light general anesthesia may be required. (vin.com)
The Effect of General Anesthesia on the Developing Brain: Is it Time to Temper the Concern? (apsf.org)
Recently, the issue of anesthesia-related neurotoxicity has been in the media limelight, and parents are appropriately fearful about the effects of general anesthesia on their child's brain development. (apsf.org)
It is no wonder parents are frightened about the effects of general anesthesia on the developing brain. (apsf.org)
As anesthesia professionals, what are our responsibilities to the parents in discussing the risks of general anesthesia? (apsf.org)
The tumescent technique can be used with general anesthesia or IV sedation. (tumescent.org)
The tumescent technique for liposuction can be used to supplement general anesthesia. (tumescent.org)
However, this technique has two major drawbacks: the use of general anesthesia for skin harvesting and scar sequelae on the donor site. (frontiersin.org)
Other procedures may require general anesthesia. (metrowestanesthesia.com)
Regional anesthesia, like general anesthesia, is safe. (metrowestanesthesia.com)
Sub-umbilical surgery under caudal block in conjunction with sevoflurane sedation may be safe in terms of maintaining spontaneous breathing and avoiding complications associated with general anesthesia. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Most caudal blocks are performed as adjuvant procedures to general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation [ 1 ], but caudal block with sedation per se can be used as an alternative to general anesthesia [ 2 - 4 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Moreover, compared to general anesthesia, it has a lower likelihood of precipitating postoperative respiratory events [ 5 ]. (anesth-pain-med.org)
On recent traumatic luxation, closed reduction under general anesthesia is worthwile to attempt. (vin.com)
The dog was then placed under general anesthesia and underwent 16-multidetector-CT (GE Lightspeed 16, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) examination of the neurocranium, cervical spine, and abdomen. (hindawi.com)
The order in which the procedures were performed was chosen for benefits to the patient's airway, and steps surrounding intubation for general anesthesia (1. (vetscalpel.com)
The patient was intubated with a 6.5 endotracheal (ET) tube, and general anesthesia maintained with isoflurane. (vetscalpel.com)
Regional techniques in children are mostly performed under general anaesthesia. (wfsahq.org)
The surgery carried the risk of general anesthesia and postoperative risks, including loss of nerve function as well as weakening of the back muscles. (mocekspine.com)
The technique can be performed without general anesthesia but, under gentle conscious sedation, further increasing safety and reducing the chance of nerve injury. (mocekspine.com)
The period of emergence from general anesthesia , where different elements of consciousness return at different rates. (lookformedical.com)
Options include regional, local, and general anesthesia. (msdmanuals.com)

Common local anesthetic drugs for caudal blockade are bupivacaine and ropivacaine. (wikipedia.org)
The 0.75% (7.5 mg/mL) concentration of bupivacaine hydrochloride is not recommended for obstetrical anesthesia and should be reserved for surgical procedures where a high degree of muscle relaxation and prolonged effect are necessary ( 5.1 ). (nih.gov)

A spermatic cord block is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed to provide anesthesia to the testicle and epididymis. (medscape.com)

Repeat application of local anesthetic to ensure adequate anesthesia of the nasal mucous membrane. (vin.com)

The most common complications of the anatomic technique for caudal block include: needle misplacement, subarachnoid puncture, and intrathecal or intravascular injections. (wikipedia.org)

Again, note that patient refusal is one of the few absolute contraindications for performing any regional anesthetic technique. (medscape.com)

Caudal anesthesia may be favored for sub-umbilical region surgeries in the pediatric population, such as inguinal hernia repair, circumcision, hypospadias repair, anal atresia, or to immobilise newborns with hip dysplasia. (wikipedia.org)
Forty children (aged 1-5 years) scheduled to undergo inguinal hernia repair under caudal block with sevoflurane sedation via a face mask were randomized into either the low-dose (1.0%) end-tidal sevoflurane concentration group (Group LS) or the high-dose (2.5%) end-tidal sevoflurane concentration group (Group HS). (anesth-pain-med.org)
Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether sevoflurane sedation with caudal block may be an alternative anesthetic technique in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair and to compare the incidence of EA in children administered two different doses of sevoflurane. (anesth-pain-med.org)

Procedure -Cardiac output was measured in anesthetized dogs by use of LiDCO and TDCO techniques. (avma.org)
After your arrival at the hospital, you will have the opportunity to meet an anesthesia provider in person, discuss the anesthetic procedure in detail, and ask questions. (metrowestanesthesia.com)
Through vigilance by the anesthesia provider and your monitored response to the medications given, your anesthetic is adjusted during the procedure for your safety and comfort. (metrowestanesthesia.com)
A patient's refusal to undergo regional anesthesia for surgical procedures of the testicle and epididymis may often be rooted in the belief that he will be awake during the procedure and would just rather be "all the way asleep" for a surgery in this sensitive region. (medscape.com)

Obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia. (nih.gov)

Finally, there are wide variations in species' anatomy, physiology, and the pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics that must be taken into consideration prior to safely performing regional anesthesia. (asra.com)
Traditional dosage limitations for infiltrative local anesthesia are based more on clinical dogma than on scientific data. (tumescent.org)
Infiltrating with large volumes of very dilute lidocaine, epinephrine, and sodium bicarbonate for local anesthesia and hemostasis is known as the tumescent technique. (tumescent.org)
Some surgical procedures can be accomplished readily with regional or local anesthesia. (metrowestanesthesia.com)
Lidocaine stabilizes the neuronal membrane by binding to and inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses and effecting local anesthesia. (illnesshacker.com)
A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. (pharmfair.com)
This tutorial will summarise the safety of regional anaesthesia in children, paediatric local anaesthetic toxicity, the use of ultrasound in paediatric regional anaesthesia, and an in-depth discussion on ultrasound-guided caudal epidural techniques and its related anatomy. (wfsahq.org)
Local anesthesia (1% lignocaine) injected at the entry point. (samobathi.com)
However, if the patient could not tolerate the prone position during local anesthesia (e.g., difficulty breathing or severe back pain during prone position), the lateral position is considered an option. (jmisst.org)
Therefore, administration of local anesthetic to the spermatic cord itself, while establishing anesthesia of the testicle and epididymis, does not establish anesthesia of the overlying skin. (medscape.com)

Issues that may eventually affect decisions about postoperative pain management should be addressed, including the patient's coexisting disease states, the surgical site, the patient's postoperative disposition, and the family consent for pain-management techniques that under consideration. (medscape.com)
Administer anesthesia, monitor patient's vital signs, and oversee patient recovery from anesthesia. (whatcareerisrightforme.com)

Globe rupture and retrobulbar hematomas are known complications of intraoral techniques in these species. (asra.com)
However, for surgeries occurring distal to the elbow, a combination radial, ulnar, median, musculocutaneous block is chosen because this technique lacks many of the more serious complications such as pneumothorax, cervicothoracic ganglion block with Horner's syndrome and phrenic nerve paralysis. (asra.com)

The exact etiology of ED is still unidentified but several risk factors that have been noted to increase the predilection for emergence agitation such as preschool age, preoperative anxiety, certain surgical procedures like otolaryngologic or ophthalmologic surgeries, anesthesia technique (inhalational vs. intravenous agent or regional block), and postoperative pain (Kanaya, 2016 ). (springeropen.com)
Epidural anesthesia is used for abdominal surgeries or procedures that require manipulation of perianal or external reproductive and urinary organs. (asra.com)

5 muscle were harvested by endoscopic technique and 5 muscle through the open technique After orotracheal intubation and anesthesia, a 4-5 cm incision is made in the inguinal plica and prolonged to the lateral margin of the caudal segment of the rectus abdominis muscle. (sages.org)

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth. (lookformedical.com)
The surgical technique has evolved from open surgery to minimally invasive methods. (jmisst.org)

Therefore, we administer an oral anxiolytic (such as midazolam oral liquid, 0.5-0.75 mg/kg) in the pre-operative holding area 15-30 minutes prior to inhalational anesthesia induction to allow optimal timing of medication effect. (pediatricurologybook.com)

After carefully considering the nature of your surgery, your overall health, medical history, lab tests, and your own concerns and preferences, you and your anesthesia provider will make the final decision about the type of anesthesia that is safest and best for you. (metrowestanesthesia.com)
Regional anesthesia involves numbing a limited area of a person's body to prevent pain during surgery. (metrowestanesthesia.com)
To compare the incidence of EA in children undergoing sub-umbilical surgery under caudal block with two different doses of sevoflurane. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Regional anesthesia for dentistry and orofacial surgery in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). (awionline.org)
Neonates who undergo lower-extremity, abdominal, or thoracic surgery are excellent candidates for regional anesthesia, whether they are undergoing inpatient or outpatient surgery. (medscape.com)
These parents can typically be reassured that they will speak to an anesthesia provider on the day of surgery, or they can be provided with the anesthesia group's contact information for further questions. (pediatricurologybook.com)
A CO 2 laser cauterizes blood vessels up to 0.5 mm in diameter as it incises, allowing excellent visualization of the tissues as the surgery proceeds, greatly reducing anesthesia time. (vetscalpel.com)

Does anesthesia have risks and side effects? (metrowestanesthesia.com)

At the apex of the triangle lies the sacral hiatus, through which caudal anaesthesia is performed. (wfsahq.org)

Both dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) and ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) added to pediatric caudal block were effective to control pediatric ED after sevoflurane anesthesia. (springeropen.com)
2017 ). However, emergence delirium (ED) in pediatrics after sevoflurane anesthesia is common, with a reported incidence up to 80% (Cravero et al. (springeropen.com)
Regional caudal blocks have been shown to reduce the incidence of sevoflurane-induced ED in clinical studies in children (Aouad et al. (springeropen.com)
Face-mask sedation with 1.0% sevoflurane in conjunction with caudal block may be more effective than that with 2.5% sevoflurane in preventing EA. (anesth-pain-med.org)
Sevoflurane administration via a face mask is a popular anesthetic protocol for pediatric sedation, and this technique is commonly used in our institution. (anesth-pain-med.org)
To date, no study has investigated EA caused by different sedation doses of sevoflurane in conjunction with caudal block. (anesth-pain-med.org)

Several investigators have compared different anesthetic techniques to assess their influence on incidence and severity of emergence delirium. (springeropen.com)
We monitored EA episodes at 5 and 30 min in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) by using the fourpoint agitation scale and the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. (anesth-pain-med.org)

On medio-lateral view, the displacement of the humeral head is not easy to analyse except if it is cranial or caudal. (vin.com)

However, greatest accuracy is obtained by performing caudal blocks using imaging guidance, such as ultrasound or fluoroscopy. (wikipedia.org)
The landmark technique for caudal epidural in children has a high success rate but ultrasound can aid caudal epidural performance by helping identify aberrant anatomy, localising the dural sac, and reducing the rate of dural or intravascular perforation. (wfsahq.org)

It remains the first learning resource of choice for anesthesia providers, including anesthesia residents and fellows, medical students, and student registered nurse anesthetists, and is also a valuable review tool for practitioners undergoing maintenance of certification or recertification. (elsevierhealth.com)

Intraoral blocks also can be more challenging in cats, as the proximity of feline orbits to their oral and nasal structures makes techniques such as caudal maxillary or infraorbital blocks more challenging. (asra.com)

Most regional anesthetic techniques used at this time have been adapted from human medicine. (asra.com)

The minimally invasive techniques practiced at the Mocek Spine Clinic allow the physician to reach the affected area either by a needle or through a tiny incision to the side of the back muscles. (mocekspine.com)

Parents may have accessed information regarding anesthesia online or they may have questions for the urologist regarding anesthetics. (pediatricurologybook.com)

The purpose of this study was to assess anesthesia quality. (awionline.org)

Obviously, this may be one of the only feasible options if the patient refuses to undergo a regional technique for the surgical intervention. (medscape.com)

Objectives -To determine agreement of cardiac output measured by use of lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) and thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO) techniques in dogs and to determine agreement of low- and high-dose LiDCO with TDCO. (avma.org)

Instruct nurses, residents, interns, students or other staff on topics such as anesthetic techniques, pain management and emergency responses. (whatcareerisrightforme.com)

Its use in this technique has resulted in fetal bradycardia and death. (nih.gov)

A caudal block may be performed by using anatomic landmarks to guide needle insertion. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, the surgical technique preferably used in our institution will be described. (pediatricurologybook.com)
The purpose of this study was to compare ACAF with hybrid decompression fixation (HDF, the combination of ACDF and ACCF) in treatment of MCSMSS[7], and to briefly introduce ACAF surgical technique, which are reported as follows. (researchsquare.com)

Long regarded as the undisputed leading text of its kind, Miller's Basics of Anesthesia provides comprehensive yet concise coverage of both basic science and clinical topics in anesthesiology. (elsevierhealth.com)
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -The LiDCO technique is a suitable substitute for TDCO to measure cardiac output in dogs. (avma.org)
The successful diagnosis and treatment of reptile diseases requires proper restraint and performance of a variety of clinical techniques. (merckvetmanual.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms3

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs84

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment97

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care27

Spinal10

Analgesia13

Infiltration4

Lumbar4

Cranio-caudal2

Neuraxial2

Patients18

Depth of anesthesia2

Injection1

Intravenous regional anesthesia2

Sedation or general2

General27

Bupivacaine2

Provide anesthesia1

Adequate anesthesia1

Subarachnoid1

Contraindications1

Inguinal hernia repair3

Procedure4

Paracervical block1

Local10

Patient's2

Complications2

Surgeries2

Orotracheal intubation1

Methods2

Inhalational1

Surgery7

Risks1

Sacral1

Sevoflurane6

Emergence2

Lateral1

Ultrasound2

Registered nurse anesthetists1

Blocks1

Regional anesthetic techniques1

Incision1

Anesthetics1

Assess1

Undergo1

Dose1

Anesthetic techniques1

Fetal bradycardia1

Block1

Surgical technique2

Clinical3