Chemicals and Drugs
Taurodeoxycholic AcidBile Acids and SaltsTaurocholic AcidTaurochenodeoxycholic Acid
Cholic acidChenodeoxycholic acidGlycodeoxycholicShort-ChainTDCALithocholicSerumTauroursodeoxycholicTaurochenodeoxycholicDeoxycholic acidSodium saltBiosynthesisGlycolithocholic acidFattyMetabolismHydrophobicAminoActivated receptorsSecondary bile acidTaurocholicGlutamicUrsodeoxycholicCholesterolDissolveLiverHomeostasisResultsArticleFoundSamplesFormUniqueMainCreateImportantHighSmallAdministration
Cholic acid5
  • Administration of 0.05 g/kg capsaicin showed the highest of tauro-alpha-muricholic acid sodium salt and tauro-beta-muricholic acid sodium salt and 0.1 g/kg capsaicin resulted in the highest of lithocholic acid, cholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Subsequent enzymatic reactions catalyzed by sterol 12 α -hydroxylase (CYP8B1) and sterol 27-hyroxylase (CYP27A1), respectively, yield the primary BAs, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Cholic acid NEW! (viochemicals.com)
  • Results: In the overall study population, serum cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were lower, whereas glycocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, glycolithocholic acid, and glycoursodeoxycholic acid were significantly higher at older ages. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. (nih.gov)
Chenodeoxycholic acid2
  • The results showed that the addition of capsaicin further decreased the fasting blood glucose and insulin, and increased beta-muricholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and 3 beta-ursodeoxycholic acid when compared to only high fiber diet. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Chenodeoxycholic acid NEW! (viochemicals.com)
Glycodeoxycholic1
Short-Chain4
  • Plasma parameters, gut microbiota, bile acid and short-chain fatty acids were analyzed to detect the improved effects and possible mechanisms. (ijpsonline.com)
  • and increased the short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid and butyric acid. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In addition, dietary fiber can be fermented by gut microbes into Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), which have beneficial effects on the gut barrier and can mitigate obesity by regulating the endocrine activity[ 8 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • To the best of our knowledge, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), metabolic endotoxemia and the endocannabinoid (eCB) system are essential in regulating the initiation and progression of MS through the normalization of adipogenesis and the regulation of insulin secretion, fat accumulation, energy homeostasis, and plasma cholesterol levels. (biomedcentral.com)
TDCA1
  • The bile acid taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) was able to induce YAP dephosphorylation and activation in B16F10 within 30 minutes of treatment in vitro . (amegroups.org)
Lithocholic9
  • Ursodiol can be both oxidized and reduced at the 7-carbon, yielding either 7-keto-lithocholic acid or lithocholic acid, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Free ursodiol, 7-keto-lithocholic acid, and lithocholic acid are relatively insoluble in aqueous media and larger proportions of these compounds are lost from the distal gut into the feces. (nih.gov)
  • Eighty percent of lithocholic acid formed in the small bowel is excreted in the feces, but the 20% that is absorbed is sulfated at the 3-hydroxyl group in the liver to relatively insoluble lithocholyl conjugates which are excreted into bile and lost in feces. (nih.gov)
  • Absorbed 7-keto-lithocholic acid is stereospecifically reduced in the liver to chenodiol. (nih.gov)
  • Lithocholic acid causes cholestatic liver injury and can cause death from liver failure in certain species unable to form sulfate conjugates. (nih.gov)
  • Lithocholic acid is formed by 7-dehydroxylation of the dihydroxy bile acids (ursodiol and chenodiol) in the gut lumen. (nih.gov)
  • The 7-dehydroxylation reaction appears to be alpha-specific, i.e., chenodiol is more efficiently 7-dehydroxylated than ursodiol and, for equimolar doses of ursodiol and chenodiol, levels of lithocholic acid appearing in bile are lower with the former. (nih.gov)
  • Man has the capacity to sulfate lithocholic acid. (nih.gov)
  • It is then transported back into intracellular space, where after its used in 3 different reactions, its derivatives interact with intestinal microflora in the extracellular space to become lithocholyltaurine, lithocholic acid glycine conjugate, and lithocholic acid. (smpdb.ca)
Serum7
  • Affected individuals have a defect involving the excretion of bile salts, which leads to increased serum bile acids. (medscape.com)
  • Serum bile acids were measured using stable-isotope liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Independent of age, serum taurochenodeoxycholic acid, tauromuricholic acid, and glycoursodeoxycholic acid were significantly different between 244 children with EED and 69 children without EED. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Total serum bile acids (median, interquartile range) were 4.51 (2.45, 7.51) and 5.10 (3.32, 9.01) μmol/L in children with and without EED, respectively (age-adjusted, P=0.0009). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Fig. 1B illustrates that OA at dosages of 45 mg/kg or more elevated serum concentrations of total bile acids, with 90 mg/kg Crizotinib or more elevated total bilirubin and immediate bilirubin, all indicative of liver organ injury. (bibf1120.com)
  • The bile acidity concentrations weren't further elevated with the best dosage, possibly because of saturation of serum bile acids or liver organ toxicity. (bibf1120.com)
  • Twentyfour hr following the last dosage, blood was gathered and serum concentrations of bile acids and their metabolites had been dependant on UPLC-MS/MS and normalized with the inner criteria. (bibf1120.com)
Tauroursodeoxycholic8
  • This compound is a closely related isomer of Taurochenodeoxycholic acid and Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sharing the exact molecular formula and molecular weight. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid NEW! (viochemicals.com)
  • TAUROURSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID also known as sodium taurodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid, chemically known as 3α,7β dihydroxycholanoyl-N-taurine, is the main active ingredient of bear bile and also the main ingredient of synthetic bear bile. (xahnb.com)
  • TAUROURSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID is mainly present in black bear bile and is the signature active ingredient in bear bile. (xahnb.com)
  • TAUROURSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID and its preparations have been marketed abroad for twenty years of clinical experience. (xahnb.com)
  • However, TAUROURSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID cannot dissolve other types of gallstones. (xahnb.com)
  • TAUROURSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID is indicated for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), chronic hepatitis (hepatitis B, C, etc. (xahnb.com)
  • TAUROURSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID is indicated for the treatment of drug-related liver damage, prevention and treatment of complications before and after liver transplantation, etc. (xahnb.com)
Taurochenodeoxycholic1
Deoxycholic acid2
  • Deoxycholic acid NEW! (viochemicals.com)
  • Revisiting 7a-hydroxy-cholestene-3-one, the second chain of reactions it is involved in follows a similar path as the first, moving through the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome until choloyl-CoA is formed, which then is used in three reactions so that its derivatives may leave the cell to interact with intestinal microflora and become taurodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate and deoxycholic acid. (smpdb.ca)
Sodium salt2
Biosynthesis1
  • The results of metagenomic sequencing and targeted metabolome analysis together revealed that secondary bile acid (SBA) biosynthesis was significantly activated in the cows with excessive lipolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycolithocholic acid2
  • Glycolithocholic acid NEW! (viochemicals.com)
  • The use of an integrated analysis showed that the reduction of plasma glycolithocholic acid and taurolithocholic acid could contribute to the immunosuppression of monocytes (CD14 + MON) during excessive lipolysis by decreasing the expression of GPBAR1 . (biomedcentral.com)
Fatty3
  • Results from our study indicated that the addition of capsaicin have better effects to reduce the weight, insulin and fasting blood glucose, and the possibly mechanism can be due to the changes in bile acid composition, microbial abundance and shortchain fatty acids. (ijpsonline.com)
  • A study using mouse models that was recently reported in Science (2019;363:644-9) found YAP to be responsible for metastasis in LNs through metabolic reprogramming, which causes tumors to shift from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for energy production when metastasized to LNs ( 10 ). (amegroups.org)
  • In this study, LN-metastatic tumors showed greater upregulation than primary tumors of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, adipogenesis, bile acid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (amegroups.org)
Metabolism2
  • Because of abnormal gut mucosa and altered gut microbiome, EED could potentially affect the metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Conclusions: EED is associated with altered bile acid metabolism in young children in rural Malawi. (johnshopkins.edu)
Hydrophobic2
  • The effect of infusing a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic bile acids was also studied. (wustl.edu)
  • DAAO is highly specific towards D-amino acids and favours free neutral D-amino acids or those with hydrophobic, polar or aromatic groups. (smpdb.ca)
Amino4
  • D-Amino acids have been show to be present in high concentrations in humans and play a role in biological functions. (smpdb.ca)
  • D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is one of the main enzymes that metabolize D-Amino acids via deamination. (smpdb.ca)
  • Acidic amino acids are not catalyze by DAOO. (smpdb.ca)
  • L-Lysine is imported into liver through low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2 (cationic amino acid transporter 2/SLC7A2). (smpdb.ca)
Activated receptors1
  • Maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis is important and regulated by BA activated receptors and signaling pathways. (aspetjournals.org)
Secondary bile acid1
  • In addition, C3R inhibited the formation of cholesterol micelles and bound to primary and secondary bile acid. (biomedcentral.com)
Taurocholic2
  • Taurocholic acid NEW! (viochemicals.com)
  • Recent studies have implemented 2 bile acids, taurocholic and taurodeoxycholic aids, as being the specific ones elevated in ICP. (medscape.com)
Glutamic1
  • L-Lysine and oxoglutaric acid will be combined to form saccharopine by facilitation of mitochondrial alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, and then, mitochondrial alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase will further breaks saccharopine down to allysine and glutamic acid. (smpdb.ca)
Ursodeoxycholic4
  • Ursodiol, USP (ursodeoxycholic acid), is a naturally occurring bile acid found in small quantities in normal human bile and in the biles of certain other mammals. (nih.gov)
  • Further, there is some bacterially catalyzed deconjugation of glyco- and tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid in the small bowel. (nih.gov)
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid NEW! (viochemicals.com)
  • Interestingly, these are also the bile acids significantly decreased by ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDA), which is currently the main pharmacological treatment. (medscape.com)
Cholesterol3
  • A bile acids life begins as cholesterol is catabolized, as bile acid is a derivative of cholesterol. (smpdb.ca)
  • There are two more important components of this pathway, both depicting the breakdown of cholesterol into bile acid. (smpdb.ca)
  • It can reduce the secretion of cholesterol by the liver, lower the saturation of cholesterol in bile, promote the secretion of bile acids, increase the solubility of cholesterol in bile, and dissolve cholesterol stones or prevent the formation of stones. (xahnb.com)
Dissolve1
  • Complete dissolution does not occur in all patients and recurrence of stones within 5 years has been observed in up to 50% of patients who do dissolve their stones on bile acid therapy. (nih.gov)
Liver2
  • Compounding the issue is PFOS is widely distributed in global wildlife, and analysis of blood, liver and flesh of monitored wildlife will likely also contain these bile acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • The impact of exposures on bile acid (BA) signaling and Farnesoid X receptor-mediated gut-liver crosstalk is emerging. (aspetjournals.org)
Homeostasis1
  • The goal of this minireview is to provide an update on the regulation of bile acid (BA) homeostasis by the nuclear receptor Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the effects on this regulation by exposure to environmental or therapeutic agents. (aspetjournals.org)
Results1
  • The mixture of bile acids produced intermediate results. (wustl.edu)
Article1
  • Mass Spectrometry Interference with PFOS Benskin and colleagues (https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ac070802d) published in 2007 an article identifying Taurodeoxycholic acid and isomers as mass spectrometry interferents with PFOS (Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) as the two compounds share the m/z transition of 498-80. (wikipedia.org)
Found1
  • Reiner and colleagues https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es800770f found these bile acid compounds in chicken eggs and suggest that monitoring for m/z 99 (FSO3 loss) as does Benskin and colleagues noted above. (wikipedia.org)
Samples1
  • 2009 demonstrated the presence of these cholic acids in a number of biological samples. (wikipedia.org)
Form1
  • Allysine will be degraded to form aminoadipic acid through alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. (smpdb.ca)
Unique1
  • The availability and low cost of bile acids along with their unique advantages turn them into attractive scaffolds for the design of novel drugs and drug carrier systems. (viochemicals.com)
Main1
  • The main advantage of bile acids is their ability to act as both drug-solubilizing and permeation-modifying agents. (viochemicals.com)
Create3
  • This enzyme is used another time, to create 3a,7a-dihydroxycoprostanic acid. (smpdb.ca)
  • Then, bile acyl-CoA synthetase teams up with 3a,7a-dihydroxycoprostanic acid to create 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
  • Feathery-like degeneration is certainly a well-known quality of cholestasis, as bile acids become detergents to create feathery-like morphology (Li and Crawford, 2004). (bibf1120.com)
Important1
  • Bile acids play a very important part in the digestion of foods, and are responsible for the absorption of water soluble vitamins in the small intestine. (smpdb.ca)
High1
  • Additionally they gave suggestions for removal of this interferent issue during PFOS analysis including the use of high resolution mass spectrometry (Time-of-flight mass spectrometry) that is able to resolve PFOS (monoisotopic mass 498.9302) from cholic acids (monoisotopic mass 498.2895) easily. (wikipedia.org)
Small1
  • Bile acids also help absorb fats into the small intestine, a crucial part of any vertebrates diet. (smpdb.ca)
Administration1
  • Ursodiol is a bile acid available as 300 mg capsules suitable for oral administration. (nih.gov)