Targets regulates gene expression micro rna that regulates. Medical search. Frequent questions

Micro RNAs (MiRNAs) are endogenous, small RNA molecules that were identified in a wide range of eukaryotes. (usda.gov)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding endogenous RNAs containing 19 to 25 nucleotides that promote posttranscriptional control in regulating the expression of target gene by binding to the 3′-UTR sequences of its mRNA [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
We show that, similar to metazoan steady-state systems, endogenous miRNAs in Chlamydomonas can regulate gene expression both by destabilization of the mRNA and by translational repression. (freethoughtblogs.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous non-coding RNAs, which are single-stranded and ~21 nucleotides (~21 nt) in length. (nature.com)
Chatterjee S, Fasler M, Büssing I, Großhans H. Target-mediated protection of endogenous microRNAs in C. elegans. (eurekaselect.com)
Ghini F, Rubolino C, Climent M, Simeone I, Marzi MJ, Nicassio F. Endogenous transcripts control miRNA levels and activity in mammalian cells by target-directed miRNA degradation. (eurekaselect.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs, are able to regulate gene expression by translational repression or mRNA degradation of the target, thereby affecting critical functions in various physiological processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis ( 8 , 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)
The ability of predicting the targets of the endogenous miRNAs is then crucial to understand the processes they are involved in. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play a critical role in gonadal differentiation as well as early development of animals. (peerj.com)
Mechanistically, PTTG3P upregulated the expression of miR-383 targets Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 2 (PARP2) by sponging miR-383, acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
A series of studies indicate that lncRNAs serve as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) by sponging miRNAs, and modulate the targets of miRNAs [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition. (usda.gov)
Figure 2: Accumulation of miRNA target mRNAs and proteins in the shoot apex of drb1 and drb2 . (nature.com)
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (cancerindex.org)
The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (cancerindex.org)
A recent demonstration of the differential expression of miRNAs and their target mRNAs in cancer and the discovery that some miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors have sparked considerable interest in elucidating their role in tumorigenesis ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
miRNAs are highly conserved, small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in vertebrates through multiple mechanisms, such as complimentary base pairing with the 3′-UTR of their target mRNAs, resulting in translational repression, mRNA cleavage and mRNA decay initiated by miRNA-guided rapid deadenylation ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
However, recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs can interact with the 5′-UTR of their target mRNAs and the DNA methylation machinery, thereby affecting chromatin status ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (21-24 nucleotides) sequences of RNA that reduce gene expression by promoting the breakdown of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and by repressing translation of mRNAs into proteins. (freethoughtblogs.com)
MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in mRNAs. (duke.edu)
In contrast, however, the role of BD-associated miRNAs in disease pathogenesis remains largely unknown, mainly because of a lack of understanding about their target mRNAs and pathways in neurons. (en-journal.org)
miRNA binding downregulates the expression of target mRNAs either by decreasing their stability or by inhibiting translation. (en-journal.org)
Although RNA editing has long been considered a relatively rare processing event, more recent research suggests that the vast majority of pre-mRNAs are edited [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
mRNAs corresponding to several regulatory genes that mediate auxin responses contain short stretches of sequence that are complementary to microRNAs, and therefore have been considered potential targets of microRNA-mediated regulation. (sciencedaily.com)
The plants showed increased accumulation of ARF17 mRNA and altered levels of mRNAs corresponding to several genes that may be regulated by ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
In particular, most miRNAs bind to target sequences located within the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of mRNAs, resulting in the cleavage of the target mRNAs or repression of their translation ( 13 ). (iiarjournals.org)
miRNAs regulate proteins expressions by arresting or degrading the mRNAs. (cancerindex.org)
Although more and animals and plants and regulate gene/protein expression more progressions have been made about the through direct complementarity between their 5' region pathogenesis of asthma in recent years, the increasing and the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. (cdc.gov)

Furthermore, the miRNAs correlated negatively with the immunohistochemical expression of NRF1 and NRF2 but positively with their respective mRNA. (hindawi.com)
About 30% of the human protein-coding genes are negatively regulated by miRNAs which suggests that they have a major role in regulating gene expression. (usda.gov)
In general, microRNAs, a class of small (~21 nucleotide) non-coding RNAs, negatively regulate the expression of their target genes. (spandidos-publications.com)
Small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNA) negatively regulate gene expression by sequence-specific targeting of protein-coding transcripts [ 6 ]. (researchsquare.com)
These findings suggest miR-486-5p negatively regulates NEK2, which is a critical prognostic indicator of HCC patient survival after liver transplantation. (oncotarget.com)
Based on the findings, the inhibition of miR-543 was found to play a tumor suppressive role in PA through the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by negatively regulating Smad7. (cancerindex.org)
miRNAs are small, evolutionarily conserved, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression and have fundamental roles in cancer growth and metastasis. (biogenex.com)

Recently, an increasing number of reports have implicated a new class of small regulatory RNA molecules, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), in HCC progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
Small non-protein-coding RNA molecules, composed of around 22 nucleotides, are commonly named as miRNAs ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Having validated our targets through robust in vitro and in vivo phenotypic assays as well as genetically modified cells and models, we design and screen lead small-molecules or monoclonal antibodies that specifically alter the activity of the critical protein. (inspirna.com)
In the case of RNA molecules that bind target RNA segments, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), the altered base pairing can change binding specificities. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs are tiny ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (~22 nucleotides long) that recently have been found to play important roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are encoded by genes and are themselves templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. (sciencedaily.com)
The mRNA levels in a cell are fine tuned by different mechanisms, one of which is driven by microRNA molecules. (sciencedaily.com)
MicroRNAs are ~22 nucleotide long RNA molecules that provide substrate specificity to a protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex. (sciencedaily.com)
Within the complex, microRNAs are thought to bind to mRNA molecules containing a complementary stretch of RNA sequence. (sciencedaily.com)
MicroRNA regulation activity depends on the recognition of binding sites located on mRNA molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules, which target genes and regulate gene expression and function. (mesotheliomagroup.com)
miRNAs exert their function via base pairing with complementary mRNA molecules, resulting in gene silencing via transcriptional repression or target degradation. (biogenex.com)

Analysis from the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets supported the mRNA findings. (hindawi.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by imperfect matching of mRNA [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
miRNAs predominantly interact with mRNA targets through imperfect binding to motifs in target mRNA 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) ( Bartel, 2009 ). (elifesciences.org)
The nature of imperfect binding specificity means that a single miRNA can regulate a large number of mRNA targets involved in complex cellular processes, thereby tightly controlling genetic networks during development and in response to stress ( Pocock, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
Incorporated into a protein complex named RISC, microRNAs perform posttranscriptional gene regulation either through perfect binding to a cis-regulatory target site in the 3'UTR that is subsequently cleaved, leading to mRNA degradation, or by imprecise binding preferably of the microRNA 5' end to a target site, leading to possibly reversible repression of protein production. (biomedcentral.com)
It is also a challenging task because of the daunting difficulty of distinguishing true microRNA-mRNA hybrids against the noisy background of millions of possible microRNA-gene combinations and, more generally, because the basic mechanisms of microRNA target recognition remain largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Binding of a miRNA to a complementary sequence in a target mRNA is mediated by Argonaute proteins leading to degradation of the mRNA or translational inhibition, thereby lowering protein levels in cells [ 7 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Next, I thoroughly demonstrated that the 10 candidate target genes were substantially suppressed by expression of the relevant miR-BARTs, as measured by 3'UTR-containing firefly luciferase (FLuc) expression, mRNA and protein levels, and knockdown of seven of the 10 candidate genes could suppress apoptosis, mimicking the effects of relevant miR-BARTs. (duke.edu)
Argonaute HITS-CLIP decodes microRNA-mRNA interaction maps. (eurekaselect.com)
The complex then cleaves the mRNA into smaller pieces, thereby preventing translation of the protein it encodes, and thus inhibiting or "silencing" gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)
Dr. Bonnie Bartel at Rice University in Houston, TX together with Drs. David Bartel and Allison Mallory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, MA report experiments using transgenic Arabidopsis plants that produce a version of ARF17 mRNA that resists microRNA-mediated cleavage. (sciencedaily.com)
Dr. Bellini and her colleagues found that the mutant plants over-accumulate ARF17 mRNA within the hypocotyl, pointing to ARF17 as a major regulator of adventitious rooting and microRNA-mediated regulation as a major regulator of ARF17. (sciencedaily.com)
We focused the analysis on the D. melanogaster species and updated the ComiR underlying database with the currently available releases of mRNA and microRNA sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
The miRNA targets identification has been mainly based on the search of mRNA binding sites contained in the 3'utr region [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We also identified a novel mRNA processing mechanism that expands human proteome at the posttranscriptional level and regulates gene expression (Yao, P, et al. (rochester.edu)
Model based on GA and DNN for prediction of mRNA-Smad7 expression regulated by miRNAs in breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded RNAs that silence gene expression by either degrading mRNA or repressing translation. (tau.ac.il)
Each miRNA regulates a specific set of mRNA "targets" by binding to complementary sequences in their 39 untranslated region. (tau.ac.il)
In Paper I, we showed that miR-96 can upregulate the mRNA and protein expression of adhesion proteins E-Cadherin and EpCAM through direct interaction with target sites in the mRNA coding sequence. (lu.se)
As binding of miRNAs to a target mRNA may result in an airway inflammatory disease closely correlates with either mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein immune regulation, more and more evidences suggest translation.1 More than 2000 miRNAs have been discovered in humans. (cdc.gov)

In animals, the degree of base pairing between a miRNA and its target messenger RNA seems to determine whether the regulation occurs through cleavage or translation inhibition 1 . (nature.com)
DRB2 has been remarkably conserved throughout plant evolution, raising the possibility that translational repression is the ancient form of miRNA-directed gene regulation in plants, and that Dicer partnering proteins, such as human TRBP, might play a similar role in other eukaryotic systems. (nature.com)
The microarray analysis of drb2 also revealed a large set of gene transcripts that were significantly different from wild-type levels, but which are not thought to be the primary targets of miRNA-directed regulation ( Supplementary Fig. 3 ). (nature.com)
Figure 3: Regulation of miRNA targets in floral tissue of drb1 and drb2 . (nature.com)
We have only known that microRNAs even existed since the early 1990's, and their importance in gene regulation and development wasn't appreciated until the 2000's. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Besides its role in the regulation of genes, DNA methylation silences repetitive elements and appears to be important for the stability of the mammalian genome. (caister.com)
DNA methyltransferases are not limited to catalyzing DNA methylation, but also take part in the regulation of gene expression through interactions with other proteins that repress transcription and modify chromatin structure. (caister.com)
MicroRNAs perform important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (researchsquare.com)
Regulation of microRNA function in animals. (eurekaselect.com)
These changes were correlated with dramatic development defects in leaves, roots, and flowers, showing that microRNA-mediated regulation of ARF17 is essential for normal plant development. (sciencedaily.com)
There are many AGO1-like proteins in animals and other eukaryotes as well, indicating that the RNA-induced silencing complex is of ancient evolutionary origin, and that microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is shared among many eukaryotes. (sciencedaily.com)
Arabidopsis ago1 mutants lacking the AGO1 protein have numerous severe developmental defects, supporting the notion that regulation by microRNAs is critical for normal plant growth. (sciencedaily.com)
Regulatory non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important research areas in gene regulation and RNA biology. (rochester.edu)
Our laboratory is interested in the understanding of pathophysiological function and molecular mechanism of new non-coding RNAs (and RBPs) and new modes of gene regulation in c. (rochester.edu)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are all non-coding RNAs that play vital role in post-transcriptional regulation of various animals and plants ( Bartel, 2009 ). (peerj.com)
MicroRNA-543 promotes cell invasion and impedes apoptosis in pituitary adenoma via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by negative regulation of Smad7. (cancerindex.org)
ZBTB46 is a shear-sensitive transcription factor inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation via gene expression regulation of cell cycle proteins. (antikoerper-online.de)
MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of asthma, the goal of this study is to summarize recent researches on the roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma. (cdc.gov)
MicroRNAs not only participate in determining DCs phenotype and then naive T lymphocyte differentiation, but also participate in the regulation of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. (cdc.gov)
Zhang et al cytokines, mediators and signals and closely related to demonstrated that microRNA let-7i was upregulated immune regulation. (cdc.gov)

ADAR3 contains an arginine-rich domain, shown in pink, which binds single-stranded RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
MiRNAs are approximately 19- to 25-nucleotide estimated about 250,000 and mortality does not appear single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that exist in both to correlate well with prevalence. (cdc.gov)

Recent studies have established that, similar to mutations, methylation-mediated silencing of tumor suppressor genes plays a major role in tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Background: As microRNAs play important roles in cancer development and progression by regulating the expressions of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes though interacting with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target genes, we aimed to evaluate the association between genetic variants of miRNAs and their binding sites and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). (iiarjournals.org)
Taking into account the important regulatory roles that miRNAs have in cancer development, by acting either as oncogenes or as tumor-suppressor genes, they represent potential biomarkers in ovarian cancer [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

miRNAs are essential for brain development and function, with multiple miRNAs enriched in specific cell types where they regulate differentiation, structure and neurophysiological properties [ 9 , 10 ]. (researchsquare.com)
This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation. (nih.gov)
For example, the encoded protein represses the transcription of differentiation-specific genes during keratinocyte proliferation, but this repression is then overcome by differentiation signals. (nih.gov)
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
the smaller Y chromosome carries genes that initiate male sex differentiation, as well as a few other genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Therefore, the entire oligodendroglial differentiation, diffuse astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, coding sequence of the LATS1 gene in IDH1 Mutation, and 1P/19q loSS and oligodendrogliomas. (who.int)

In contrast, the selection of regulatory mechanisms is independent of the degree of mismatch between a plant miRNA and its target transcript 5 . (nature.com)
We found that DRB2 determines miRNA-guided translational inhibition and represses DRB1 expression, thereby allowing the active selection of miRNA regulatory action. (nature.com)
Importantly, the regulatory functions of 4 DEmiRNAs and 3 verified target genes on cell proliferation and migration were explored in TNBC cell lines. (nature.com)
Compartmentalization of miRNAs adds complexity to the regulatory circuits of miRNA expression, thereby providing superior control over the miRNA function. (eurekaselect.com)
This review provides a bird's eye view of miRNAs expressed in different subcellular locations, thus affecting the gene regulatory pathways therein. (eurekaselect.com)
MicroRNAs: Target recognition and regulatory functions. (eurekaselect.com)
ADARs have been shown to contribute to disease pathologies by editing of glutamate receptors, editing of serotonin receptors, mutations in ADAR genes, and by other mechanisms, including recently identified regulatory roles in microRNA processing. (biomedcentral.com)

The majority of the miRNAs showed characteristic tissue-specific expression patterns suggesting potential roles in maintaining tissue identity. (usda.gov)
Sequencing as well as functional studies using antisense oligonucleotides, indicate important roles for microRNAs during the development of epilepsy through targeting transcripts involved in neuronal structure, gliosis and inflammation. (researchsquare.com)
Emerging evidence indicates that Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in tumor progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)
The results of the present study indicate that microRNAs play important roles in regulating asthma immune responses. (cdc.gov)
Understanding the roles of Asthma is a worldwide problem, the prevalence of miRNAs in asthma pathogenesis may also aid to asthma ranged from 1% to 18% of the population in explore new therapeutic targets. (cdc.gov)

This thesis focuses on microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate gene expression in healthy and tumour cells. (lu.se)

Extracellular small non-coding RNAs (exRNAs) have been associated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis and we hypothesized that they are associated with post-MI LVRm phenotypes. (researchgate.net)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small transcripts that target messenger RNAs and regulate the expression of several genes at once. (fapesp.br)
MicroRNA are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression levels of messenger RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
In the current study, we sequenced two small non-coding RNA libraries made from the gonads of adult male and female budgerigars using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. (peerj.com)
During their search for new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for mesothelioma, researchers at Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (HPIMR) say "the small but powerful gene regulators microRNA (miRNA) have become of interest," in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). (mesotheliomagroup.com)

Immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the expression of related proteins in OA and non‑OA tissue samples. (spandidos-publications.com)
Core genes were expressed differentially between OA subchondral bone and normal tissue samples. (spandidos-publications.com)
microRNA (miRNA) expression level alterations between endometrial tissue and endometriotic lesions indicate their involvement in endometriosis pathogenesis. (mdpi.com)
Another hallmark of epileptic tissue is astrocyte dysfunction which has not received much attention as a therapeutic target. (dcu.ie)
We can't be absolutely sure the exosomes analyzed came from the brain, but we know they regulate gene expression in several types of tissue and may be involved in mechanisms that increase the risk of mental health disorders. (fapesp.br)
Expression of various miRNAs is dysregulated in experimental models of status epilepticus and in resected brain tissue from patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy [ 11-13 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Tumor tissue samples were collected at the operating-room into tubes containing Tissue Tek ® , snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at − 80 °C. 10 × 10 μm sections of the samples were cut using a Leica CM3050S cryostat (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and RNA was collected with TRI Reagent ® (Molecular Research Center Inc. Cincinnati, OH, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. (biomedcentral.com)

Identifying these changes can help us understand how diseases such as epilepsy affect these cells and may represent viable therapeutic targets. (dcu.ie)
Lacking of both prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) underscores pivotal needs to uncover novel biomarkers and viable therapies. (nature.com)
In conclusion, we shed lights on these 4 DEmiRNAs (miR-135b-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-135b-3p, miR-455-5p) and 3 hub genes (FOXC1, FAM171A1, RGMA) as specific prognostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for TNBC. (nature.com)
Unfortunately, due to the devoid of early detection biomarkers and clear therapeutic targets, TNBC patients are often diagnosed late with a high histological grade, and do not benefit from hormonal or targeted therapies 6 . (nature.com)
Hence, as a serious clinical challenge, TNBC calls for urgent needs of developing novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. (nature.com)
3) The role of translation machinery and translational control in cardiovascular system and identification of therapeutic targets for treatment of cardiovascular diseases (e.g., cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure). (rochester.edu)

Potential miRNA-target interactions were computationally predicted and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the miRNAs and their target sites in the rainbow trout transcripts. (usda.gov)
RNA editing refers to post-transcriptional processes that alter the nucleotide sequence of an RNA transcript by insertion, deletion or nucleotide conversion. (biomedcentral.com)

Our aim was to investigate these redox transcription factors in conjunction with redox-related microRNAs in naevi and melanoma. (hindawi.com)
It seemed possible that these genes are regulated by transcription factors that are themselves regulated by miRNAs, and at a translational level by a process involving DRB2. (nature.com)
Act co-operatively with other miRNAs and with transcription factors, which are frequent targets of miRNAs. (inspirna.com)
The oncogenic microRNA-27a targets genes that regulate specificity protein transcription factors and the G2-M checkpoint in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. (nih.gov)
The identified transcription factors influence both the global and specific gene expression of the BCLs and have possible implications for diagnosis and treat- ment. (lu.se)

Epigenetic alternations in genomic DNA include cytosine methylation in CpG islands, which usually extend throughout the promoters and the first exons of genes. (spandidos-publications.com)
We conduct comprehensive studies including genomic, transciptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches for the identification and validation of our targets as well as the characterization of the underlying biology. (inspirna.com)
The NDE1 genomic locus can affect treatment of psychiatric illness through gene expression changes related to MicroRNA-484. (helsinki.fi)
In conclusion, this work is the first report of sex-biased miRNAs expression in the budgerigar, and provides additional sequences to the avian miRNAome database which will foster further functional genomic research. (peerj.com)
Pseudogene, a subclass of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are considered as genomic loci that resemble real gene, but lost some functionality because they are lack of protein-coding ability because of disabling mutation, lack of transcription, or their inability to encode RNA [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In molecular biology mir-340 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, ADAR-mediated editing can post-transcriptionally alter codons, introduce or remove splice sites, or affect the base pairing of the RNA molecule with itself or with other RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
A gene, the basic unit of heredity, is a segment of DNA containing all the information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) or a functional RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)

While recent estimates suggest that more than 50% of human protein-coding genes may be regulated by microRNAs and that each microRNA may bind to 300-400 target genes, the latest release of the TarBase database contains information on only 995 human in vivo microRNA-gene interactions involving 103 distinct microRNAs and 825 distinct genes, a far cry from the actual extent of microRNA targeting [ 2 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

It is generally hypothesized to be related to aging, trauma, inflammation, obesity, metabolism and genetics, and may also be related to genetic factors, chromosomal abnormalities and gene fusion ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We perform a series of extensive molecular and genetic studies to determine the role of the identified gene on driving metastatic disease in mice, utilizing state-of-the-art models including cell line and patient derived xenografts in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models. (inspirna.com)
A recent study focusing on familial schizophrenia in Finland demonstrates that genetic variation in a known risk gene called NDE1 can affect both gene expression levels and medication usage of psychoactive drugs used to treat major mental illnesses. (helsinki.fi)
Researchers have previously shown that genetic variation in the NDE1 gene and the related DISC1 network increases risk for schizophrenia in a Finnish family cohort. (helsinki.fi)
Recent genome-wide molecular genetic studies have identified several protein-coding genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly associated with BD. (en-journal.org)
Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is highly increased with mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2). (biogenex.com)
Th)1 cells.5 Meanwhile, the function and immunity of with genetic predisposition, involving multiple cells, DCs are closely regulated by miRNAs. (cdc.gov)

MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
Although they are structurally similar, plant and animal microRNAs repress gene expression through very different mechanisms. (freethoughtblogs.com)
A number of post-transcriptional mechanisms fine-tune the gene expression landscape. (researchsquare.com)
Notably, some of the proteins expressed from BD-associated genes function in neuronal synapses, suggesting that abnormalities in synaptic function could be one of the key pathogenic mechanisms of BD. (en-journal.org)
During his post-doctoral training under Dr. Paul Fox at Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, he made contributions in understanding the translational control mechanisms regulating VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) expression in human monocytes. (rochester.edu)

Research reported in The Plant Cell shows that microRNAs control the accumulation of transcription factor proteins that regulate the expression of genes in the auxin response pathway. (sciencedaily.com)

The OA subchondral bone dataset GSE51588 was downloaded from the GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. (spandidos-publications.com)
In this study, by data mining of the Cancer Genome Atlas database, we screened out 4 differentially-expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between TNBC and normal samples: miR-135b-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-135b-3p and miR-455-5p. (nature.com)

Here, we report that the microRNA miR-1 regulates the autophagy pathway through conserved targeting of the orthologous T re-2/ B ub2/ C DC16 (TBC) Rab GTPase-activating proteins TBC-7 and TBC1D15 in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian cells, respectively. (elifesciences.org)
Here, I present two studies utilizing the phenotypic and the target approaches, respectively, to demonstrate that miR-BARTs can inhibit apoptosis and activate the Wnt signaling pathway. (duke.edu)
Utilizing a Wnt signaling FLuc reporter TOPflash which measures the Wnt signaling activation, I confirmed that expression of many miR-BARTs that target Wnt signaling inhibitors can indeed upregulate the Wnt signaling pathway. (duke.edu)
Together, our results provide new insights into the potential role of miR-1908-5p in the pathogenesis of BD and also propose a hypothesis that neuronal synapses could be a key converging pathway of some BD-associated protein-coding genes and miRNAs. (en-journal.org)
We identified a significant induction of epithelial alarmin (thymic stromal lymphopoietin-TSLP)-dependent interleukin-13 pathway after co-exposure, associated with increased mucin and interferon gene expression. (cdc.gov)

Our proprietary and clinically-validated miRNA-DRIVEr platform, coupled with our expertise in miRNA mapping, allows us to reveal new cancer drivers and actionable targets of miRNA dysregulation. (inspirna.com)

The progression of hepatocellular carcinogenesis is thought to involve the deregulation of genes that are critical to cellular processes, such as cell cycle control, cell growth, apoptosis, cell migration and spreading. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the past few decades, studies have focused on investigating the genes and proteins responsible for the development and progression of HCC ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Accumulating studies have suggested that miRNAs are frequently dysregulated in tumors compared with normal tissues, resulting in aberrant expression of target genes or proteins and cancer progression 13 . (nature.com)
For CRC, polymorphisms in the genes involved in tumor progression, apoptosis, and angiogenesis have already been extensively studied for their association with cancer susceptibility and prognosis ( 1 - 7 ). (iiarjournals.org)

It is catalyzed by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, which exist throughout the body but are most prevalent in the central nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
A-to-I editing, which is catalyzed by enzymes of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family, is most prevalent in the central nervous system (CNS) but occurs in many tissues [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and then Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to formulate the molecular functions and pathways based on the results of GO and KEGG analyses. (spandidos-publications.com)
I am molecular and cellular biologist with expertise in virus and microRNAs. (researchgate.net)
Therefore, to improve treatment efficacy, it is necessary to tailor therapies to patient and tumor characteristics, using appropriate molecular targets. (frontiersin.org)
Nanoscopic astrocytic processes contacting synapses and blood vessels contain the molecular machinery for microRNAs. (dcu.ie)
8 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory for RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA. (jci.org)
He received his Ph.D. degree in the laboratory of Dr. En-Duo Wang in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Chinese Academy of Science in 2008, where he studied the structural and functional interplay of transfer RNA (tRNA) and tRNA synthetase in bacteria, yeast and human. (rochester.edu)
Despite a variety of advanced therapeutic approaches, including liver resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, or molecular targeted therapy, the prognosis of some HCC is still poor. (biomedcentral.com)

Numbers shown below represent number of publications held in OncomiRDB database for Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive MicroRNAs. (cancerindex.org)

HP75 cells treated with overexpressed miR-543 exhibited increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while decreased cell apoptosis as well as expression of Cleaved caspase-3 and Cleaved caspase-8 were observed. (cancerindex.org)
CircPAPPA Regulates the Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle of Trophoblast Cells Through the miR-3127-5p/HOXA7 Axis. (nih.gov)

It is also known that miRNAs bind the coding region [ 10 ], and our previous results [ 11 ] showed that the coding region plays a role in distinguishing RISC machinery targets. (biomedcentral.com)

Until recently, it was unknown how sexual differences in the behavior, physiology, and development of organisms are regulated by differential gene expression. (peerj.com)
We analyzed the relationship between differential expression of NEK2 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient outcomes after liver transplants. (oncotarget.com)
Differential expression of miRNA was documented using the BioGenex Xmatrx® automated system and miRNA ISH BRCA breast panel probes. (biogenex.com)

One of these targets is the transcription factor AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 (ARF17), which is thought to repress the expression of a number of other genes involved in auxin responses. (sciencedaily.com)

Does base-pairing strength play a role in microRNA repression? (tau.ac.il)
In this study, we examined the importance of the base-pairing strength of the miRNA-target duplex to repression. (tau.ac.il)
We hypothesized that if base-pairing strength affects the functionality of miRNA repression, organisms with higher body temperature or that live at higher temperatures will have miRNAs with higher G/C content so that the miRNA-target complex will remain stable. (tau.ac.il)
Our analyses show a possible association between the base-pairing strength of miRNA-targets and the temperature of an organism, suggesting that base-pairing strength plays a role in repression by miRNAs. (tau.ac.il)
Dive into the research topics of 'Does base-pairing strength play a role in microRNA repression? (tau.ac.il)

miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (cancerindex.org)
A-to-I RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that converts adenosines to inosines in both coding and noncoding RNA transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic RNA transcripts can undergo a range of post-transcriptional modifications, which increase the diversity of the transcriptome without requiring increases in genome size. (biomedcentral.com)

Further, high NEK2 expression promoted proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines. (oncotarget.com)

Using FLuc 3'UTR indicator assays, I proved that the 3'UTRs of all seven newly identified anti-Wnt signaling genes were indeed targeted by the relevant miR-BARTs identified by PAR-CLIP. (duke.edu)
ComiR was trained with the information regarding binding sites in the 3'utr region, by using a reliable dataset containing the targets of endogenously expressed microRNA in D. melanogaster S2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result, we find that ComiR algorithm trained with the information related to the coding regions is more efficient in predicting the microRNA targets, with respect to the algorithm trained with 3'utr information. (biomedcentral.com)

We estimate that TargetSpy predicts between 26 and 112 functional target sites without a seed match per microRNA that are missed by all other currently available algorithms. (biomedcentral.com)
Delineating miRNA functional effects requires elucidation of their upstream regulators and downstream targets. (inspirna.com)
B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) constitute a diverse set of tially identify new functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic tumors, both morphologically and clinically, that are mainly targets. (lu.se)
The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes (X and Y), determines a person's sex as well as containing other functional genes. (msdmanuals.com)

Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
However, other larger mutations (copy number variations) in this area have been found world-wide in people with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, implying a potential broader role for this micro-RNA, William Hennah explains. (helsinki.fi)

Identification of sequence variations in the miRNA -target interactions may be particularly useful for rainbow trout breeding programs. (usda.gov)
Ameres, S. L. & Zamore, P. D. Diversifying microRNA sequence and function. (nature.com)
In mammals, cytosine methylation at CpG positions of the DNA sequence is one of the hallmarks of epigenetic gene silencing. (caister.com)
Interestingly, the non-coding parts of the NDE1 gene were shown to contain sequence coding for a microRNA. (helsinki.fi)
Auxin influences development by affecting the expression of numerous genes that control the processes of cell division and cell expansion in specific plant tissues at specific stages during the plant life cycle - e.g. for leaves, roots, and floral organs to develop in the correct patterns and correct time sequence. (sciencedaily.com)

Twenty-two of the pairs, chromosome numbers 1 to 22, the autosomes, are normally homologous (identical in size, shape, and position and number of genes). (msdmanuals.com)
The genes that occupy the same locus on each chromosome of a pair (one inherited from the mother and one from the father) are called alleles. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)

The subsequent huge changes in morphology were more often due to changes in when and where those genes were expressed than to changes in the coding sequences of the genes themselves. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Kozomara A, Birgaoanu M, Griffiths-Jones S. miRBase: From microRNA sequences to function. (eurekaselect.com)

We employ super-resolution microscopy to visualise astrocyte processes and microRNAs in rodent and human brain. (dcu.ie)
Research conducted by three independent groups and reported in The Plant Cell shows that fundamental developmental processes controlled by the plant hormone auxin are regulated by microRNAs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (sciencedaily.com)
MicroRNAs are critical in many important biological processes, and are important markers for many diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

MicroRNAs have broad biological functions in cancers and may serve as ideal biomarkers. (nature.com)
Although the variants we studied are common to many populations, their specific biological consequences associated with schizophrenia and gene expression changes may be unique to this Finnish family cohort. (helsinki.fi)
A-to-I editing is a mechanism that regulates and diversifies the transcriptome, but the full biological significance of ADARs is not understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Using cell culture, animal and patient studies, we investigated the biological role of microRNA-96 (miR-96) and microRNA-379 (miR-379) in prostate cancer bone metastasis. (lu.se)

However, the components and mechanism(s) that determine whether a plant miRNA ultimately regulates its targets by guiding cleavage or translational inhibition are unknown 6 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, our results reveal that the core silencing proteins ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) and SERRATE (SE) are highly regulated by miRNA-guided translational inhibition. (nature.com)

In EBV latently infected epithelial cells, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric carcinoma (GaCa) cells, viral protein expression is low. (duke.edu)
Compared with individual exposures, co-exposure aerosols produced greater acellular and cellular oxidants detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and in vivo immune-spin trapping (IST), as well as synergistically increased lavage neutrophils, lavage proteins and inflammation related gene/protein expression. (cdc.gov)

The discovery of microRNAs in 1993 [ 1 ] introduced a totally new dimension in our understanding of how gene expression is regulated. (biomedcentral.com)

Hundreds of dysregulated miRNAs have been found in studies comparing the expression profiles of miRNAs in malignant ovarian tumors and normal ovaries. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Endogenous12

MRNAs17

Negatively7

Molecules13

MRNA20

Regulation20

Single-stranded2

Tumor suppr3

Differentiation6

Regulatory7

Roles5

Modulate1

Small5

Tissue7

Therapeutic targets6

Nucleotide2

Transcription factors6

Genomic5

Molecule4

Human protein-codin1

Genetic7

Mechanisms5

Proteins that regulate1

Differentially expressed2

Pathway5

Dysregulation1

Progression4

Adenosine deaminase2

Molecular7

Oncogenic1

Apoptosis2

RISC1

Differential3

Repress1

Repression5

Transcripts3

Proliferation1

3'UTR3

Functional4

Mutations2

Sequence5

Chromosome3

Sequences2

Processes3

Biological4

Translational inhibition2

Protein expression2

19931

MiRNAs in malignant1