• The protein encoded by this gene is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor whose ligand is unknown. (nih.gov)
  • G-protein-coupled receptor GPR161 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is a promoter of cell proliferation and invasion. (nih.gov)
  • False positive non-synonymous polymorphisms of G-protein coupled receptor genes. (nih.gov)
  • Of note, functionally-relevant differences between humans and chimpanzees are observed regarding the 3 main components of this pathway: i) the protein sequences of immunes TFs binding MER41 LTRs, ii) the insertion sites of MER41 LTRs in the promoter regions of ID-associated genes and iii) the protein sequences of the targeted ID-associated genes. (biorxiv.org)
  • The results of Real-time PCR proved that the transcription level of ATF1 decreased rapidly under the control of TDH3p , and the unfolded protein reaction was activated, which may be the reason for the abnormal production caused by the strong promoter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the results proved that the Hsf1, an upstream transcription factor of Hsps, had a positive effect on alleviating the unfolded protein response and that overexpression of Hsf1 reprogramed the pattern of ATF1 gene transcript levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is beneficial to improve the protein expression and product yield by controlling the promoter strength to fine regulate the transcription level of the target gene and maximize the transcription efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background: MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate the translation of protein from gene transcripts and are a powerful mechanism to regulate gene networks. (biu.ac.il)
  • MucR binds multiple target sites in the promoter of its own gene and is a heat-stable protein: Is MucR a H-NS-like protein? (cnr.it)
  • In this study, we provide the first evidence that MucR from Brucella abortus binds more than one target site in the promoter region of its own gene, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which this protein represses its own expression. (cnr.it)
  • Novel targeted inhibitors, like heat shock protein 90 inhibitors and deacetylase inhibitors, raise patient's life quality [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The latter are "sequences that allow the genetic material to hijack the cellular machinery of the target cell that's being transduced to make the protein of choice," Dr. Kiss said. (aao.org)
  • This gene therapy candidate uses AAV8 to deliver genetic code that expresses a protein similar to ranibizumab. (aao.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Such strains are suitable for production of protein from target genes cloned in pET vectors by induction with IPTG. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Here, we offer an example of a potential target that has not been widely studied, namely the syncytin protein. (ecancer.org)
  • When a HEG is integrated into its recognition sequence in the genome, its protein product acts to cleave its cognate site on the homologous chromosome and gene conversion or homologous recombination can result in a new copy of the HEG being inserted. (plos.org)
  • We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
  • More recently, nine roo insertions were also described in the promoter region of another stress response gene, CG18446 that encodes a nucleic acid binding protein [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most azole-resistant strains harbor a mutation in the cyp51A gene, encoding a target protein for azole drugs ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We analyzed respective gene promoters' sequences using in silico methods for identification of transcription binding sites, mainly in the NF-κB- and IRF-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we present evidence that the promoter regions of intellectual disability-associated genes are uniquely enriched in LTR sequences of the MER41 HERVs. (biorxiv.org)
  • Sr26 and Sr61 are each validated by transgenic complementation using endogenous and/or heterologous promoter sequences. (nature.com)
  • One of the potential effects of TEs is the generation of new gene sequences [ 3 , 6 , 7 ] such as the envelope (env) genes of retroviral origin found in several mammals. (ecancer.org)
  • Burt proposed that such methods could be applied to engineer HEGs that recognise and cleave sequences within coding sequences of genes in insect genomes, with the subsequent invasion of these HEGs into a population leading to the inactivation of target genes and the subsequent decline in fitness of the targeted population [2] . (plos.org)
  • Glucose and GLP-1 also synergistically activated NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells)-mediated transcription from a minimal promoter construct containing tandem NFAT consensus sequences. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Activation of NF-kB involved rapid degradation of IkBa, nuclear accumulation of NF-kBp65, binding of NF-kB to specific DNA-binding sequences, and transactivation of target gene promoters. (cdc.gov)
  • To facilitate mammalian genome engineering applications, we provide a web-based software tool to guide the selection and validation of target sequences as well as off-target analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • We performed northern blot analyses for the guide RNA truncations and found increased levels of expression for the longer tracrRNA sequences, suggesting that improved target cleavage was at least partially due to higher sgRNA expression or stability ( Fig. 1c ). (cdc.gov)
  • Vector stocks were injected into the midbrain proximal to the substantia nigra, and the rats were sacrificed at either 4 days or 1 month after gene transfer. (harvard.edu)
  • The proximal promoter region (upstream of the core-promoter region) contains the cis-regulatory elements of most of the transcription factors (TFs). (wikipedia.org)
  • c-Myc transrepression is mediated by blockade of the transactivating activity of Miz-1, which occurs mainly through a Sp1-binding site in the proximal promoter of the gene. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Mutations in this gene can cause mitochondrial complex I deficiencies such as Leigh syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular genetic structure of the BRCA1 gene in BC patients without progenitor germline mutations taking into account the methylation state of the promoter region. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
  • In BC patients, not only common mutations but also the methylation status of the BRCA1 gene promoter region in the peripheral blood should be determined. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
  • The whole-genome sequencing of the BRCA1 gene may be the last step in determining the genetic characteristics of BC patients carried out to optimize the treatment and improve survival thanks to the higher prevalence of the progenitor mutations and hypermethylation of the BRCA1 gene promoter. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
  • Five Italian families with two mutations in BRCA genes. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
  • Furthermore, two-point base pair mutations in any of the three identified NFAT sites within the rat insulin I promoter resulted in a significant reduction in the combined effect of glucose and GLP-1. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We also found the novel mutations in these genes in azole-resistant isolates with different genetic backgrounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, a large portion of the non- cyp51A azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains have yet to be investigated to determine which genes and mutations could be responsible for azole resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, approximately 95% of rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains carry mutations within the rifampin-resistance determining region (RRDR), an 81-bp region encoding codons 507 through 533 of the rpoB gene. (cdc.gov)
  • Kits for detecting mutations associated with rifampin resistance that are commercially available in Europe and elsewhere include line-probe assays (INNO-LiPA® Rif.TB, Innogenetics and GenoType® MTBDR( plus ), Hain LifeScience GmbH) and microarray assays (CombiChip Mycobacteria DR, GENE IN). (cdc.gov)
  • Secondary glioblastomas typically have mutations in the IDH1 or IDH2 genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Methylation profile of the promoter CpG islands of 14 "drug-resistance" genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. (wjgnet.com)
  • To establish the DNA methylation patterns of the promoter CpG islands of 14 "drug-resistance" genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (wjgnet.com)
  • The methylation specific polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with sequencing verification was used to establish the methylation patterns of the 14 genes in the liver tissues of four healthy liver donors, as well as tumor and the paired non-cancerous tissues of 30 HCC patients. (wjgnet.com)
  • Aberrant DNA methylation changes the genomic transcription, representing promising molecular targets for better cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • Development of the tailored assay for clinical use), we have developed a novel diagnostic (a multiplex qPCR kit/ DNA methylation profiling of 5 targets in urine sediment) for early detection, quality control of surgery and monitoring the recurrence of bladder cancer. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • We also show that SpCas9-mediated cleavage is unaffected by DNA methylation and that the dosage of SpCas9 and sgRNA can be titrated to minimize off-target modification. (cdc.gov)
  • Simultaneous detection of DNA variation and methylation at HLA class II locus and immune gene promoters using targeted SureSelect Methyl-Sequencing. (cdc.gov)
  • Nigrostriatal neuron-specific expression may be useful for specific gene therapy approaches to Parkinson's disease or for genetic analyses of nigrostriatal neuron physiology. (harvard.edu)
  • Currently, there is a great interest in the genetic testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 due to the fact that for patients with breast cancer (BC) with pathogenic variants of these genes, the use of the PARP inhibitors could be also provided in addition to implemented treatment protocols. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
  • Gene therapy represents the delivery of therapeutic factors as genetic information encoded on a DNA vector and has also become a potent tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (genengnews.com)
  • In gene therapy, a viral vector acts as the envelope that carries an encoded genetic message, often based on an AAV (adeno-associated virus) vector. (aao.org)
  • But "the subtypes of AAV vectors being used in these [RGX-314 and ADVM-022] programs are nonintegrating, so the genetic material they inject into the target cell doesn't affect the native cellular DNA," said Dr. Kiss. (aao.org)
  • It binds to receptors on the target cell and then injects its genetic pay-load, Dr. Kiss said. (aao.org)
  • Since genetic dissection of genes within alien segments in wheat was not possible due to lack of recombination, the question arose as to whether the apparent durability of such resistances might be due to multiple genes rather than a single gene. (nature.com)
  • ii) gutless adenoviral vectors, by genetic modifications of the fibre and hexon proteins of the adenoviral capsids, as well as through the use of combined cell type specific and inducible promoters. (europa.eu)
  • Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • by "transduction," we mean the introduction of genetic material into target cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The homing endonuclease (HEG) gene drive system is one proposed genetic strategy [2] . (plos.org)
  • These results suggest that genetic variations in TNF, TGFB1, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes contribute to DA susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present review, the phenotypes of Met gene‑modified mice are summarized. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Deletion of the gene resulted in azole-sensitive phenotypes ( 10 ), and an azole-resistant strain with constitutive expression of cdr1B has been isolated from a patient ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)
  • This gene encodes an nuclear-encoded accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (complex I, or NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase). (nih.gov)
  • SMRT knockdown decreased the activity of two p53-dependent reporter genes as well as the expression of p53 target genes, such as CDKN1A (which encodes p21). (nih.gov)
  • The adenovirus early region 1 (E1) gene, which comprises E1a and E1b, encodes the viral early proteins that are necessary for adenoviral replication and the consequent oncolysis of permissive host cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, a better approach to annotate active promoters has been demonstrated with a combination of ChIP-seq and computational technique. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many constitutively active promoters are used to induce overexpression of exogenous genes ( Table 1 ). (genengnews.com)
  • Due to the complex cellular composition of specific brain areas, neuronal type-specific recombinant gene expression is required for many potential applications of neuronal gene transfer. (harvard.edu)
  • A second approach to achieve neuronal type-specific expression is to use a cell type-specific promoter, and we have used the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter to restrict expression to catecholaminergic neurons or a modified neurofilament heavy gene promoter to restrict expression to neurons, and both of these promoters support long-term expression from HSV-1 vectors. (harvard.edu)
  • To both improve nigrostriatal-neuron specific expression, and to establish that targeted gene transfer can be followed by long-term expression, we performed targeted gene transfer with vectors that support long-term, neuronal-specific expression. (harvard.edu)
  • The combination of targeted gene transfer with neuronal-specific promoters improved nigrostriatal neuron-specific expression (83 to 93%) compared to either approach alone, and supported long-term (1 month) expression at levels similar to those observed using untargeted gene transfer. (harvard.edu)
  • Conclusion: Targeted gene transfer can be used in combination with neuronal-specific promoters to achieve a high level of nigrostriatal neuron-specific expression. (harvard.edu)
  • Targeted gene transfer can be followed by long-term expression. (harvard.edu)
  • Egg cell-specific promoter-controlled expression of 3×FLAG-NLS-zCas9-NLS. (addgene.org)
  • Thereafter, MITF induces the expression of melanogenic genes, including the tyrosinase gene TYR and TYRP-1 and TYRP-2 genes, which leads to the synthesis and accumulation of melanin. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Luciferase assays, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis were used to determine how dysregulated microRNAs may regulate the expression and translation of an autism-related gene transcript. (biu.ac.il)
  • OXTR gene expression is increased in these same brain samples, and there is a positive correlation between miR-21-5p and OXTR expression. (biu.ac.il)
  • is involved in the expression regulation of genes necessary for host interaction and infection. (cnr.it)
  • can regulate the expression of virulence genes and repress its own gene expression. (cnr.it)
  • A 5' upstream sequence between -643 and -284 in the PEPC promoter appears to be critical in regulating nodule specific expression of PEPC. (usda.gov)
  • In CaCo-2 colonic epithelial cells, the expression of this gene increases with cell differentiation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The factors responsible for the postnatal and starvation-associated induction of HMGCS2 gene expression have been identified and shown to involve changes in circulating hormone and fatty acid levels. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Schematic overview of gene expression stages that can be affected by modifications. (genengnews.com)
  • Gene transfer, a method to introduce exogenous genes into host cells, represents the state-of-the-art technology to evaluate functions and expression patterns of genes. (genengnews.com)
  • High-yield requirements might call for cloning of the target gene into an Escherichia coli expression vector, whereas subsequent activity studies might benefit from insect or mammalian cell expression. (the-scientist.com)
  • The pTriEx-1 vector allows high-level gene expression in mammalian, E. coli , and insect cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By contrast, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was demonstrated to markedly downregulate HGF gene expression ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • Transcriptional targeting of transgenes expression to tumour cells will be obtained using tumour cell type specific promoter. (europa.eu)
  • Our general objective is the development of new generations of targeted viral vectors for the treatment of liver and brain cancer by directing viral entry and by restricting transgene expression. (europa.eu)
  • Collectively, these data highlight a biological role for SMRT in mediating DNA damage responses and suggest a model where p53 binding to the DAD limits HDAC3 interaction with this coregulator, thereby facilitating SMRT coactivation of p53-dependent gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • The humanized PD-1 mouse model (hPD-1) expresses human PD-1 instead of murine PD-1 while the regulation of PD-1 expression is kept under the mouse promoter. (genoway.com)
  • Discovery of the cancer specific altered genes via the MBD-seq based methylomic and RNA-seq based expression profiling, 2. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • We have shown that epigenetic deregulation occurs not only at single genes but can also encompass large chromosomal domains, leading to long range epigenetic remodeling in cancer and atypical expression of genes. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • We also searched for spermatogonium-specific promoters and found that the Rcd-1r promoter was able to drive specific expression at this stage. (plos.org)
  • Contrary to expectations, a fragment containing the entire region between the TBPH gene and the bgcn translational start drove strong HEG expression only during late spermatogenesis rather than in the germline stem cells and spermatogonia as expected. (plos.org)
  • It also increases insulin production by enhancing glucose-induced insulin gene expression. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Wang Y, Xu HX, Lu MD, Tang Q. Expression of thymidine kinase mediated by a novel non-viral delivery system under the control of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 promoter selectively kills human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (wjgnet.com)
  • By using an expression vector, a 680 bp PSA promoter isolated from a prostate cancer patient demonstrated the prostate-specific expression of the reporter gene [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The rat PB gene promoter (454 bp) contains ARE [ 11 ] and directs a hormonal and developmental regulated expression, of a heterologous gene, specifically to the prostate in transgenic mice [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The accumulation of TEs in the promoter of hsp genes was explained by the chromatin conformation of this particular region, and by selection favoring the retention of TEs because of their effect on gene expression [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The switch stabilizes the expression levels of the three genes, and through their regulatory roles on the downstream target genes, leads to a binary decision: When OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG are expressed and the switch is ON, the self-renewal genes are ON and the differentiation genes are OFF. (lu.se)
  • When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)
  • 3. Translational research - to identify predictive biomarkers for treatment decision - by immunohistochemistry, gene expression or sequencing. (lu.se)
  • RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the overexpression of differential gene HSP30 increased the transcriptional abundance of ATF1 gene and production of ethyl acetate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accelerate the path to novel biomarkers and therapies with 3D genomic insights to characterize disease mechanisms and actionable targets. (arimagenomics.com)
  • At smaller genomic scales, promoter regions of hsp genes and the promoter region of CG18446 have been shown to accumulate TE insertions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nuclease can be efficiently targeted to genomic loci by means of singleguide RNAs (sgRNAs) to enable genome editing 1 - 10 . (cdc.gov)
  • 100 predicted genomic off-target loci in 293T and 293FT cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Following crRNA and tracrRNA hybridization, SpCas9 is targeted to genomic loci matching a 20-nt guide sequence within the crRNA, immediately upstream of a required 5′-NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Our in silico findings report that there is cross-regulation between both pathways at the level of gene transcription regulation, mediated by the presence of binding sites for both factors in promoters of genes essential for these pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper we examine evidence for a direct crosstalk of the NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways at the lowest level, between main transcription factors and genes coding for these transcription factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Real-time PCR was used to validate a sample of the differentially expressed microRNAs, and bioinformatic analysis determined common pathways of gene targets. (biu.ac.il)
  • Molecular features of these tumors have expanded our vision of tumorigenesis and progression and provided abundant specifically targeted pathways [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Additionally, we describe how neuropathology can negatively influence these pathways, and conclude by discussing opportunities to optimize the intramuscular administration route to maximize gene delivery and thus therapeutic potential. (frontiersin.org)
  • These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation, particularly in embryonic stem cells, has received increasing attention and involves the systematic identification of target genes and the analysis of promoter co-occupancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insertions of TEs influence the transcriptional regulation of some genes as well as the termination of transcription. (ecancer.org)
  • Finally, the regulation effect of Hsf1 on recombinant strains constructed by other promoters was verified, which confirmed the universality of the strategy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results elucidated the mechanism by which Rim15-Hsf1-Hsps pathway reconstructed the repression of high transcription level stress and increased the production of target products, thereby providing new insights and application strategies for the construction of recombinant strains in synthetic biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We screened 218 strains collected in 15 natural populations, and we found that the CG18446 promoter region contains 20 independent roo insertions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on these population analyses, some genes have also been reported to accumulate many TE insertions, such as the 106.5 kb klarsicht , and the 24 kb derailed-2 that were analyzed in 146 strains of the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, only 39 strains from two natural populations were screened, and thus it is still an open question whether more roo insertions are present in the CG18446 promoter region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this work, we looked for TE insertions in the CG18446 promoter region in 218 strains from 15 natural populations in Europe, North America, and Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, based on the analysis of the reference genome, and on the analysis of 177 DGRP strains, we identified 53 promoter regions that could potentially contain multiple roo insertions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whereas such cyp51A -related azole-resistant strains have been reported frequently in the past 10 years, strains without any mutation in the cyp51A gene showing low susceptibility to azole drugs have, to some extent, been isolated ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Understand how spatial relationships in genome structure impact gene regulation, cellular development, and disease processes. (arimagenomics.com)
  • It has been suggested that TEs are a source of variation as a result of the insertion of fragments of their sequence into functioning genes elsewhere in the genome. (ecancer.org)
  • Moreover, we found that the roo insertional cluster in the CG18446 promoter region is unique: no other promoter region in the genome contains a similar number of roo insertions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2016) [ 10 ] other similar clusters of roo insertions in gene promoter regions are present in the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lineage-Specific Genome Architecture Links Enhancers and Non-coding Disease Variants to Target Gene Promoters. (bvsalud.org)
  • Both crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes and sgRNAs can be used to target SpCas9 for multiplexed genome editing in eukaryotic cells 1 , 3 . (cdc.gov)
  • Results: Helper virus-free HSV-1 vector packaging was performed using either gC - GDNF or gC - BDNF and vectors that contain either the TH promoter or the modified neurofilament heavy gene promoter. (harvard.edu)
  • This review summarizes different DNA vector modifications to enhance biological efficacy and efficiency of therapeutical vectors, aiming for low toxicity, high specificity, and biological efficacy-the cornerstones for successful translation of gene therapy into the clinic. (genengnews.com)
  • We aim to provide a step-by-step instruction to optimize their vectors to achieve the desired outcome of gene therapy. (genengnews.com)
  • 2 , 3 Viral gene transfer strategies [retroviruses, 4 adenoviruses, 5 adeno-associated viruses, 6 , 7 herpes viruses, 8 lentiviruses, 9 and Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV) 10 ] show by far the highest transfection efficiencies, whereas nonviral vectors are limited in their efficacy to deliver genes. (genengnews.com)
  • 12 , 13 Nevertheless, independently of used gene delivery strategy, optimized and improved DNA vectors are essential and will boost the promising field of gene therapy further to the clinics. (genengnews.com)
  • The following methods and tools for gene therapeutic vectors are not restricted to a specific type of therapeutical system or application and hence can be adapted to improve both viral and nonviral vectors. (genengnews.com)
  • Ongoing anti-cancer gene therapy clinical trials have highlighted the need for more efficient and safer vectors. (europa.eu)
  • Thus, we will develop novel targeted viral vectors for applications to cancer gene therapy. (europa.eu)
  • All vectors will express a reporter/suicide gene, and they will be tested using in vivo models of liver and brain tumours. (europa.eu)
  • This proposal brings together European leaders with expertise covering from the development of novel viral vectors to the implementation of clinical trials of gene therapy. (europa.eu)
  • The characteristics, efficiency, and toxicity of targeted vectors will first be assessed in vitro on relevant cell lines and primary cell cultures, then in vivo using animal models of brain and liver cancer. (europa.eu)
  • A common suicide/reporter gene will first be used for all vectors, and then additional therapeutic genes will be tested. (europa.eu)
  • We thus aim to obtain well characterized, safe, and efficient gene therapy vectors, as well as pre-clinical data supporting the further testing of such vectors in clinical trials. (europa.eu)
  • During Phase-I, we will construct the novel targeted retro-, lenti- and adenoviral vectors. (europa.eu)
  • Once new generation targeted viral vectors are generated, they will be sent to the appropriate partners for the in vitro testing of the efficiency of the novel vectors in various cell lines. (europa.eu)
  • This leads to Phase-III of this research programme in which the most powerful targeted vectors will be chosen to be developed further, by inserting novel powerful therapeutic genes into them. (europa.eu)
  • E1-deleted (including E1a-deleted) adenoviruses are replication defective and are commonly used as viral vectors to carry therapeutic genes for gene therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • This was achieved by pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with a chimeric glycoprotein allowing for retrograde transport in combination with optimizing the promoter element used. (lu.se)
  • However, very specific promoter elements are rarely available and often large, limiting the usefulness in viral vectors. (lu.se)
  • Immunofluorescent costaining was performed to detect both recombinant gene products and nigrostriatal neurons. (harvard.edu)
  • Compared to the delivery of recombinant proteins, gene therapy provides several advantages such as lower manufacturing costs and increased bioactivity of the produced proteins due to host-specific posttranslational modifications and correct folding of the locally produced growth factors. (genengnews.com)
  • Using gene-specific markers, we validate the presence of both genes on a single recombinant alien segment developed in wheat. (nature.com)
  • However, as there is no current Pgt race known to be virulent to either resistance gene, it was not possible to unambiguously determine whether the recombinant introgression carried a single or both genes. (nature.com)
  • Further bioinformatic analysis, coupled with in vitro luciferase assays, determined that miR-451a and miR-21-5p can target the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene. (biu.ac.il)
  • To understand how the B 1 and B 2 regions influenced the transcriptional functions of nuclear HER3, we performed cyclin D1 promoter-luciferase assays in which HER3 deleted of the B 1 and B 2 regions was severely hindered in regulating this promoter. (plos.org)
  • For the hybridization assays, the region of the target gene associated with resistance is PCR amplified, and the labeled PCR products hybridized to oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a nitrocellulose strip or in a microarray. (cdc.gov)
  • Mutational genomics and targeted exome capture identify Sr26 and Sr61 as separate single genes that encode unrelated (34.8%) nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat proteins. (nature.com)
  • Molecular beacons can discriminate between targets differing by a single nucleotide. (cdc.gov)
  • sgRNAs with +67 or +85 nucleotide (nt) tracrRNA tails mediated DNA cleavage at all target sites tested, with up to fivefold higher levels of indels than the corresponding crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes ( Fig. 1b and Supplementary Fig. 1a ). (cdc.gov)
  • HSV-1 vector particles containing either gC - GDNF or gC - BDNF target gene transfer to nigrostriatal neurons, which contain specific receptors for GDNF or BDNF. (harvard.edu)
  • Our review provides the means to either construct a potent gene therapeutic vector de novo or to specifically address a bottleneck in the chain of events mandatory for therapeutic success. (genengnews.com)
  • Novagen's pTriEx-1 vector contains bacterial, insect, and mammalian promoters. (the-scientist.com)
  • solves this problem with its pTriEx ™ -1 Multisystem Vector, providing three promoters in one convenient vector and eliminating the need to prepare individual constructs. (the-scientist.com)
  • The workprogram has been divided in 6 workpackages each corresponding to a targeted vector (retro-, lenti- or adeno-viral) tested in a specific tumour model (liver or brain). (europa.eu)
  • DE3 indicates that the host is a lysogen of λDE3, and therefore carries a chromosomal copy of the T7 RNA polymerase gene under control of the lacUV5 promoter. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Microarray analyses of MCF-7 cells transfected with control or SMRT small interfering RNA revealed SMRT regulation of genes involved in DNA damage responses, and the levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX as well as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage were elevated in SMRT-depleted cells treated with doxorubicin. (nih.gov)
  • With a kinetic modeling approach we ascribe function to the observed OCT4-SOX2-NANOG network by making plausible assumptions about the interactions between the transcription factors at the gene promoter binding sites and RNA polymerase (RNAP), at each of the three genes as well as the target genes. (lu.se)
  • The Mammalian Promoter Database (MPromDb) is a curated database of gene promoters identified from ChIP-seq. (wikipedia.org)
  • This technique has been used to find the target genes of TFs in mammalian systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Addgene: Egg cell-specific promoter-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 efficiently generates homozygous mutants for multiple target genes in Arabidopsis in a single generation. (addgene.org)
  • Exome sequencing was carried out in gemistocytic astrocytomas, and homozygous deletion of genes was identified at 19q13, i.e. (who.int)
  • Enhancers, promoters, and ITRs. (aao.org)
  • Equally critical are the promoters, enhancers, and what are called ITRs, or internal terminal repeats. (aao.org)
  • The second and third chapters are the 'enhancers' and 'promoters,' which rev up the en-gine of the cell that's being targeted," he said. (aao.org)
  • Transcriptional activity of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C/T allele was determined in vitro . (frontiersin.org)
  • We demonstrated that transcriptional activity of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C allele was higher than that of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter containing T allele. (frontiersin.org)
  • The transcriptional activity of 5-HT 1A receptor promoter was stimulated by 30 mW/cm 2 microwave exposure, and rs198585630 C allele was more sensitive to microwave exposure, as it showed stronger transcriptional activation. (frontiersin.org)
  • These findings suggest SNP rs198585630 of the 5-HT 1A receptor is an important target for further research exploring the mechanisms of hypersensitivity to microwave exposure. (frontiersin.org)
  • The PSA promoter has an androgen response element (ARE) and its activation requires both the androgen receptor (AR) and its ligand, androgen, to be present. (hindawi.com)
  • Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism Predicts the Outcome of Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. (cdc.gov)
  • The most common germline pathogenic variants of the BRCA1 (185delAG, 5382insC, 4153delA, T300G) and BR CA2 (6174delT) genes were identified in the peripheral blood. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
  • A subgroup of 14 patients without progenitor pathological variants of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and with a family history of cancer was randomly selected. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
  • The analysis of the BRCA1 gene by Sanger sequencing revealed 11 BRCA1 gene variants in 10 out of 14 BC patients. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
  • Technical issues include the selection of targets and assay formats, generation of validation data, handling of low level variants and bioinformatics. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • In addition, 34 bp or 46 bp of tandem repeats in the promoter region of cyp51A cause azole resistance ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to regulating each other through feedback loops, these genes also regulate downstream target genes involved in the maintenance and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
  • Interestingly, ID-associated genes exhibit promoter-localized MER41 LTRs that harbor TF binding sites (TFBSs) for not only STAT1 but also other immune TFs such as, in particular, NFKB1 (Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1) and STAT3 (Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3). (biorxiv.org)
  • Nonetheless, the application of nonviral gene delivery systems in vivo is gaining more popularity due to the disadvantages associated with viral systems such as detrimental immune responses and chromosomal integration. (genengnews.com)
  • Given its particular distribution in normal human tissues and its potential roll as an immune modulator and in amino acid transport, tissue tolerance and protection against retroviral infection, syncytin could be a potential target for immune therapy using specific inhibitors. (ecancer.org)
  • We also suggest tests that could discriminate between a variety of feedforward regulation architectures of the target genes by OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. (lu.se)
  • In particular, HEG gene drive could be particularly effective if activity was restricted to the male germline to target genes required for female fertility/viability or engineered to destroy the X-chromosome by cutting at multiple X-specific sites [5] , [6] . (plos.org)
  • Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). (mdpi.com)
  • Association between MEF2 family gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in Chinese population. (cdc.gov)
  • MITF-KGR, a representative MITF-derived tripeptide, suppressed the transcriptional activity of MITF by disrupting its binding to the promoter region of the target genes, which resulted in the inhibition of skin epidermis thickness and melanin synthesis in vivo and in vitro. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • For them, BRCA1 gene sequencing by Sanger and hypermethylation of the BRCA1 gene promoter region were analyzed. (exp-oncology.com.ua)
  • Next, we identified full-length nuclear HER3 association and regulation of a 122 bp region of the cyclin D1 promoter. (plos.org)
  • The idea behind this study is to place the Ad5 E1 region in cis complementation (i.e., use E1 as a transgene) back into an E1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus under the control of a prostate-specific promoter (PSP). (hindawi.com)
  • In this work, we have further analyzed the promoter region of CG18446 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that, similar to hsp gene promoters, chromatin accessibility could be one of the factors explaining the recurrent insertions of roo elements in CG18446 promoter region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we performed fecundity and viability experiments to investigate why we did not find any fly containing two roo insertions in the CG18446 promoter region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, only a small fraction of the in vivo target genes and relatively few TF-TF interactions have been elucidated [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we have analyzed and compared three prostate-specific promoters (PSA, probasin, and MMTV LTR) for their specificity and activity both in vitro and in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • Background: Direct gene transfer into neurons has potential for developing gene therapy treatments for specific neurological conditions, and for elucidating neuronal physiology. (harvard.edu)
  • Consequently, in order to develop effective targeted therapy, there is a pressing need to identify all molecular regulators that define cancer stem cell traits in TNBC. (nature.com)
  • Meanwhile, targeted therapy has entered the field of view of scientists. (hindawi.com)
  • Gene therapy represents a potent therapeutical application for regenerative medicine. (genengnews.com)
  • Although most of the introduced techniques can be translated into different areas, this review primarily addresses improvements for applications in transient gene therapy in the field of tissue engineering. (genengnews.com)
  • Research with all three is continuing to build on lessons learned from the first gene therapy trial in 1990, 2 with the goal of improving delivery methods and outcomes. (aao.org)
  • Gene therapy re-searchers have always had to field questions about the potential of changes to a host cell's DNA. (aao.org)
  • This was possibly due to inferior migration of the bleb where we injected the gene therapy, as patients sat up after the procedure," he said. (aao.org)
  • Researchers continue to focus on delivery methods that limit inflammation from the gene therapy product itself. (aao.org)
  • Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
  • This route is minimally invasive and therefore clinically relevant for gene therapy targeting to peripheral nerve soma. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses-adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus-and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. (frontiersin.org)
  • With thousands of clinical trials to date, gene therapy is a flourishing strategy with great promise for the treatment of diseases impacting the nervous system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene therapy viruses are non-replicating, but still hijack host cell machinery to express transgenes of interest in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Its retroviral origin and particular tissue distribution make syncytin an interesting potential target in cancer therapy. (ecancer.org)
  • This paper reviews an unexplored potential new target in cancer therapy. (ecancer.org)
  • Techniques for engineering HEG target specificity have recently been developed for gene therapy [3] , [4] . (plos.org)
  • Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
  • The re-emergence of stem rust on wheat in Europe and Africa is reinforcing the ongoing need for durable resistance gene deployment. (nature.com)
  • The co-location of these genes on a small non-recombinogenic segment simplifies their deployment as a gene stack and potentially enhances their resistance durability. (nature.com)
  • tritici ( Pgt ) races over the past two decades 1 , 2 has motivated global efforts to identify effective stem rust (Sr) resistance genes. (nature.com)
  • Consequently, there is an ongoing need to expand resistance resources and to enhance gene stewardship through co-deployment of multiple resitance (R) genes, rather than single genes, to increase resistance durability. (nature.com)
  • The pLacI plasmid confers chloramphenicol resistance and provides enough lac repressor to inhibit transcription from the T7 lac promoter in the absence of inducer. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The cdr1B gene, encoding an ABC transporter, plays a role in azole resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Typically, PCR is used to amplify a target sequence followed by a second assay to determine if the sequence contains a mutation associated with resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we identified zinc finger transcription factor 148 ( ZNF148 , also called Zfp148 and ZBP-89) as a direct target of MYC. (nature.com)
  • Chromatin interactions can connect distal transcription factor binding sites with target gene promoters. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • The rat HMGCS2 gene contains elements that control its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity ( 11 - 14 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Both glucose and GLP-1 stimulate insulin promoter activity, stabilize proinsulin mRNA, and increase proinsulin biosynthesis ( 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Secondary, mRNA-seq analysis identified Gadd45 as a potential transcriptional target of dGLYAT, as depletion of dGLYAT decreased Gadd45 mRNA level. (sdbonline.org)
  • Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • GUS reporter gene constructs target B-glucuronidase enzyme activity to both infected and uninfected cells. (usda.gov)
  • So far, viral and nonviral approaches suffer from major drawbacks hindering efficient gene therapeutic applicability: the immunogenicity of viral systems on the one hand, and the low gene transfer efficiency of nonviral systems on the other hand. (genengnews.com)
  • For all five tested targets, we observed a consistent increase in modification efficiency with increasing tracrRNA length. (cdc.gov)
  • This gene is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer, and disruption of this gene slows the proliferation of basal breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
  • This phenomenon has been found in studies using different microorganisms as chassis cells, thus, it becomes a bottleneck problem to improve the yield of the target product. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor initiation and progression often involve the dysregulation of developmentally important genes in cancer cells, endowing them with stem cell-like features such as enhanced self-renewal, invasiveness, and an aberrant differentiation state [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
  • The RUNX2/BMI-1/SMAD2/3 complex is associated predominantly with genes not expressed in undifferentiated BG01V cells, consistent with the reported role of those TFs as transcriptional repressors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The search for an accurate and complete list of target genes for thousands of TFs and the elucidation of their complex interactions at promoter sites, particularly in embryonic stem (ES) cells, has gained increasing interest. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, GLP-1 (100 nmol/l), in the presence of glucose (11 mmol/l), induced a ∼71-fold increase in insulin gene promoter activity in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells, an effect that was an order of magnitude larger than with either stimulant alone. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The rate of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a complex integration of signals derived from nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Here, we characterize SpCas9 targeting specificity in human cells to inform the selection of target sites and avoid off-target effects. (cdc.gov)
  • These cells have different projection patterns, a trait used in this study to specifically target one population. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, we have not found such a significant enrichment in the promoter regions of genes that associate with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or schizophrenia. (biorxiv.org)
  • miR-381-3p/ANTXR1 axis is expected to be a molecular target for glioma. (hindawi.com)
  • We observed functions of overexpressing miR-381-3p on glioma progression and explored corresponding functional mechanism which will provide a theoretical basis for miR-381-3p serving as a molecular target. (hindawi.com)
  • Molecular beacons are hybridization probes which emit fluorescence only when hybridized to their target. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the entire oligodendroglial differentiation, diffuse astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, coding sequence of the LATS1 gene in IDH1 Mutation, and 1P/19q loSS and oligodendrogliomas. (who.int)