Target actin related protein 2 3 complex. Medical search. Frequent questions

Dynactin p27 C-terminal T186 residue is phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) in mitosis and helps target polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) to kinetochores during prometaphase. (wikipedia.org)
Active mTORC1 phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) and 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) to promote protein synthesis [ 3 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
Conversely, during starvation mTORC1 is inhibited and autophagy is induced by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to generation of intracellular nutrients and energy during degradation of non-functional or non-essential organelles or protein aggregates [ 4 , 6 ], in turn contributing to cell survival. (springer.com)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Free circulating insulin activates insulin receptors on the surface of target cells eliciting a signaling cascade initiated by the activation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS 1-4) followed by phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), which manages metabolic response including PDK1 and Akt stimulation by phosphorylation. (encyclopedia.pub)
Insulin signaling affects multiple downstream pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which controls growth, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), which stimulates the synthesis of lipid and cholesterol as well as the family of Forkhead (FOXO) transcription factors regulating metabolism and autophagy [ 9 ] [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
The Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain is a major protein interaction module that is central to tyrosine kinase signaling. (eu.org)

Around 60-80% of cases1 are caused by mutations of the gene that encodes optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), a protein that has a key role in inner mitochondrial membrane fusion and remodelling of cristae and is crucial for the dynamic organization and regulation of mitochondria2. (bvsalud.org)
By serving as internal positive controls, they also show that reagents are functioning properly and efficient protein transfer to the membrane has occurred. (novusbio.com)
Loading controls can be general whole cell proteins or specific markers for subcellular fractions (e.g. nucleus, mitochondria, membrane). (novusbio.com)
Ankyrins link integral membrane proteins to the spectrin-based membrane skeleton. (dana-farber.org)
Hereditary defects in membrane skeleton proteins. (dana-farber.org)
This indicates that AE1 and probably other integral membrane proteins have a 'lipid-anchoring' function. (dana-farber.org)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
Vinculin, a plasma protein, links fibers to talin, which is a cell membrane protein. (medscape.com)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Their findings suggest that Myo1c uses the actin cytoskeleton as a 'track' for Neph1 transport -- a finding with translational relevance for glomerular diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, as movement of Neph1 to and from the surface membrane triggers the injury/recovery response. (sciencedaily.com)
When injury occurs, Neph1 and other surface proteins are dislodged into the cytoplasm and must find their way back to the surface of the cell membrane to trigger the events needed for recovery. (sciencedaily.com)
In that case, Myo1c could be an attractive therapeutic target, as inhibiting it would prevent these proteins from leaving the cell membrane, an event that triggers the injury response. (sciencedaily.com)
This mitochondrial RNA colocalizes with components of the cytoplasmic machinery that makes and imports nuclear-encoded proteins - that is, a ribosomal protein (S6), a nascent peptide associated protein (NAC), and the translocase in the outer membrane (Tom22). (biomedcentral.com)
In most human cells, mitochondria contain 10 3 -10 4 copies of a circular genome of 16,569 base-pairs that encodes two ribosomal RNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 polypeptides that form parts of the respiratory-chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
the complex is then targeted to the ER membrane by the interaction with the SRP receptor (3). (mechanobio.info)
For example, many membrane bound proteins carry signal peptides that are recognized by signal receptors that guide them to the target site. (mechanobio.info)
For example, in epithelial cells, which are polarized, protein composition at the apical membrane is very different from that at the basolateral membrane. (mechanobio.info)
Cytosolic proteins that are associated with the plasma membranes are often localized based on their interaction with membrane lipids such as the phosphoinositides. (mechanobio.info)
Equal amounts of protein sample (5 g) were electrophoresed in 12% of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). (iassist2012.org)
Here, we investigated the role of tight-junction protein 1 (TJP1), a membrane-associated intercellular barrier protein during the development of LMS and the tumor microenvironment. (molcells.org)
NCK is a major adaptor protein involved in membrane receptor signalling and modulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. (eu.org)
These effects were consistent with improved mitochondrial function, reflected by testosterone-induced increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), antioxidant enzyme (GSH-PX, catalase, and Mn-SOD) expression/activity, and mitochondrial respiratory complex activities in both brain regions. (aging-us.com)

Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
p27/DCTN6 and other dynactin pointed-end complex subunits (Arp11/Actr10, p62/DCTN4, and p25/DCTN5) have been suggested to be involved in dynactin binding to specific intracellular cargoes. (wikipedia.org)
Two factors concur to determine specific Rho GTPase function: tissue specificity of GTPase effectors and distinct intracellular localizations of closely related Rho GTPases, due to different lipid modifications [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plant intracellular nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins (NB-LRR, NLRs) function as immune receptors to detect microbial pathogens directly or indirectly. (ubc.ca)
The images presented in Figure 2 demonstrate the performance of this filter combination with a variety of blue-absorbing fluorescence probes targeted at different intracellular locations. (microscopyu.com)
Figure 2(c) illustrates a culture of Indian Muntjac cells that were labeled with phalloidin conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 for the intracellular actin cytoskeletal network. (microscopyu.com)

Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
Our analysis allows some preliminary insight into the functionality of Dictyostelium formins: all isoforms might display actin nucleation activity and, with the exception of ForI, might also be susceptible to autoinhibition and to regulation by Rho GTPases. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic cells rely on de novo nucleation mechanisms to generate actin filaments in order to elicit spatial and temporal remodeling of their actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro, the FH2 domain competes with barbed-end capping proteins and is necessary and sufficient to nucleate actin polymerization, but the FH1 domain, which interacts with profilin-actin, funnels actin to the nucleation vicinity and confers full activity to the molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Mapping cytoskeletal protein function in cells by means of nanobodies. (scriptiebank.be)
At the molecular level, Cul3 regulates cytoskeletal and adhesion protein abundance in mouse embryos. (nature.com)
This protein is key in the regulation of cytoskeletal actin 1 in hematopoietic cells. (inserm.fr)
Note the absence of signals from the orange (Alexa Fluor 555) and far-red fluorophores, but the presence of intense green fluorescence from several of the more prominent actin cytoskeletal elements. (microscopyu.com)

This subunit is a member of the SOP2 family of proteins and is most similar to the protein encoded by gene ARPC1B. (icbinhibitor.com)
The similarity between these two proteins suggests that they both may function as p41 subunit of the human Arp2/3 complex that has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells. (icbinhibitor.com)
It is possible that the p41 subunit is involved in assembling and maintaining the structure of the Arp2/3 complex. (icbinhibitor.com)
Multiple versions of the p41 subunit may adapt the functions of the complex to different cell types or developmental stages. (icbinhibitor.com)
In molecular biology, DCTN6 is that subunit of the dynactin protein complex that is encoded by the p27 gene. (wikipedia.org)
DCTN6 was first identified and cloned as a subunit of the "pointed-end complex" of dynactin through biochemical purification. (wikipedia.org)
Dynactin p27 forms a hetero-dimer with the other dynactin pointed-end complex subunit p25/DCTN5 in 1:1 ratio, and it is essential for p25 stability since they are co-knockdown by p27 RNAi. (wikipedia.org)
The functions of APOE co-expressed genes were mainly enriched in adaptive immune response, protein-lipid complex subunit organization, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell chemotaxis, protein activation cascade and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. (jcancer.org)

p-Tau-Ser356 and PP2A-alpha (MAB1653) levels were normalized to the total amount of β-actin (NB600-501) protein in the brain tissue of diabetic (D) rats injected with insulin receptor inhibitor IOMe and treated with NSO (Nigella sativa oil). (novusbio.com)
In chapter 2, by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, genetic analysis and biochemical assays, I identified the differential pairings of typical NLR receptor SOC3 with atypical NLR proteins CHS1 or TN2 to guard the homeostasis of the E3 ligase SAUL1. (ubc.ca)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have been shown to be helpful to reduce kidney function decline, particularly when proteinuria exists [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
3.0: hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HCLS1), Kelch domain-containing 6 (KLHDC6), sarcoglycan delta (SGCD), KIAA1706 protein (KIAA1706), RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase (RNGTT), chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), chromosome 9 open reading frame 52 (C9orf52), and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR). (molvis.org)
The FH1 domain is also a binding site for diverse SH3-domain containing proteins like Src-like non-receptor tyrosine kinases, WISH (WASP-interacting SH3 protein) and IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate) in mammals, and Hof1p in yeast [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
GTP binding to SRP and SRP receptor is a prerequisite for SRP / SRP receptor complex formation. (mechanobio.info)
Following the complex positioning (3), SRP / SRP receptor complex dissociates from the peptide due to GTP hydrolysis. (mechanobio.info)
[ 1 , 2 ] Although the chief target of the autoimmune attack in most cases is the skeletal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), other antigenic targets that are components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) have also been implicated. (medscape.com)

Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we found that Pls3 cell-autonomously regulates cell migration by regulating actin cytoskeleton organization, and its levels are inversely proportional to neural migration speed. (nature.com)
FRAXA Research Foundation is a registered 501(c)3 organization. (fraxa.org)
We analyzed the organization and function of mitochondrial DNA in a stable human cell line (ECV304, which is also known as T-24) containing mitochondria tagged with the yellow fluorescent protein. (biomedcentral.com)
We now examine the organization of mitochondrial genomes in a human cell line that contains mitochondria tagged with the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, the organization of a cell, and its various regions, do play a role in directing the recruitment of proteins to a given site. (mechanobio.info)

Moreover, the mechanism underlying the protective action of zerumbone on sepsis is accomplished by the activation of antioxidant genes such as nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). (bvsalud.org)
Most common loading control targets are highly expressed constitutive genes required for basic cellular processes and cellular vitality (housekeeping genes). (novusbio.com)
Mutations in the tumor suppressor genes encoding TSC1 (Hamartin) and TSC2 (Tuberin) cause a multisystemic tumor syndrome termed tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). (springer.com)
Cataloging and testing of coding variants in coactivator and corepressor genes should continue and may serve as a valuable resource for investigations of other hormone-related phenotypes, such as inter-individual response to hormonal therapies used for cancer treatment and prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular response to estrogens is mediated through estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), which upon binding to ligand and DNA hormone response elements, recruit coactivator and corepressor proteins that regulate the expression of steroid hormone target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
2. Identification of genes required for normal dendritic filopodia development. (fraxa.org)
3. Assembling genes involved in dendritic filopodia development into genetic signaling pathways and biochemical complexes. (fraxa.org)
Hopefully some of these genes will be therapeutic targets for Fragile X and other neurodevelopmental disorders. (fraxa.org)
In humans, the CRYAA gene encodes a 173 amino acid residue protein by single copy genes located on chromosome 21. (molvis.org)
Here we show through systematic epigenetic studies that the histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) promotes acetylation of histone 3 Lys 9 at the promoters of established key regeneration-associated genes following a peripheral but not a central axonal injury. (nature.com)
We found that p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)-dependent acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac), paralleled by a reduction in methylation of H3K9 (H3K9me2), occurred at the promoters of select genes only after PNS axonal injury. (nature.com)
We analyzed the enriched pathways and gene ontologies within these groups of genes, and found out that the terms related to alternative splicing and development were enriched. (biomedcentral.com)

TSC1 and TSC2 also play a role in regulating pathways other than mTORC1/2. (springer.com)
Despite these advances, the roles of TSC1 and TSC2 in regulating signaling pathways independently of mTORC1/2 remain poorly understood. (springer.com)
Src Homology 2 (SH2) domains are small modular domains found within a great number of proteins involved in different signalling pathways. (eu.org)
Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)

The heterodimeric TSC complex negatively regulates mTORC1 activity via the GTPase activity of TSC2, towards the small G-protein RHEB (Ras homologue enriched in brain) [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway plays a major role in selective protein degradation and regulates various cellular events including cell growth and apoptosis [ 10 - 13 ]. (mdpi.com)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
Thus, we find a specific epigenetic mechanism that regulates axonal regeneration of CNS axons, suggesting novel targets for clinical application. (nature.com)

A common theme of these processes is a dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton which has now emerged as a major switch control mainly carried out by Rho and Rac GTPase subfamilies, playing an acknowledged role in adaptation of cell motility to the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in many cellular functions, including morphology, motility, and adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)

Background: This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. (icbinhibitor.com)
SUSA2 encodes an F-box protein Actin-Related Protein 8 (ARP8) and SUSA3 encodes the chaperone protein HSP90.3. (ubc.ca)
ALMS1 encodes a ~ 0.5 megadalton protein that localises to the base of centrioles. (springer.com)

and proteins that interact with members of the Arp2/3 complex and hence the actin cytoskeleton (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

Epithelial cells adjacent to the area of the defect flatten, lose their hemidesmosome attachments, and migrate on transient focal contact zones that are formed between cytoplasmic actin filaments and extracellular matrix proteins. (medscape.com)

The sarcomeres represent the contractile element, which is composed of actin, myosin, and Z-band proteins (see image below). (medscape.com)

This activity facilitates phosphorylation of important downstream kinetochore targets (such as tension-sensing 3F3/2 phospho-epitope) of Plk1, which is important for recruitment of spindle assembly checkpoint proteins such as Mad1 and proper kinetochore-microtubule attachment. (wikipedia.org)
Although dozens of proteins act downstream of these GTPases, a comparison of effector proteins from evolutionarily diverse organisms suggests that six groups of proteins serve as the core machinery for signaling from Cdc42 and Rac. (biomedcentral.com)
They are able to bind specific motifs containing a phosphorylated tyrosine residue, propagating the signal downstream by promoting protein-protein interactions and/or modifying enzymatic activities. (eu.org)

Interestingly, functionally redundant SNIPER1 and SNIPER2 can control the protein levels of diverse sNLRs and the interactions between SNIPER1 and sNLRs appear to be through the common nucleotide-binding (NB) domains of sNLRs. (ubc.ca)
To identify proteins interacting with alpha A-crystallin (CRYAA) and to investigate the potential role that these protein interactions play in the function of CRYAA using a human proteome (HuProt) microarray. (molvis.org)
A HuProt microarray composed of 17,225 human full-length proteins with N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST) tags was used to identify protein-protein interactions. (molvis.org)
The protein-protein interactions may help CRYAA carry out multifaceted functions. (molvis.org)
To understand the functions of CRYAA and how these are regulated, protein-protein interactions need to be investigated. (molvis.org)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
In NCK SH2 domains, the EF loop is positioned away from the BG loop, exposing the pY+3 binding pocket where the side chain of Val forms tight interactions. (eu.org)
The residue at pY+2 does not make direct side chain interactions with the SH2 domain, but aromatic residues are not allowed. (eu.org)
SH2 domains are phosphotyrosine recognition domains, often mediating transient interactions with target proteins. (eu.org)

In turn, GTP-bound active GTPases can interact with a plethora of different effectors which mediate the different cellular functions of this family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate cellular protein composition by providing target recognition and specificity to the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation pathway 12 . (nature.com)
CUL3 is a conserved protein of the Cullin family, comprising eight members, which contain a conserved cullin homology domain, named after its ability to select cellular proteins for degradation. (nature.com)
The motor protein Myo1c binds to Neph1, a protein crucial for ensuring effective filtration by the kidney, and serves as one mode of its cellular transport, according to findings by investigators at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and their collaborators reported in the May 16, 2016 issue of Molecular and Cellular Biology . (sciencedaily.com)
These findings suggest that Myo1c uses the actin cytoskeleton as a "track" for cellular transport of its Neph1 cargo (bound to its C tail). (sciencedaily.com)
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
In order for subcellular processes to be carried out within defined compartments or cellular regions, mechanisms must exist to ensure the required protein components are present at the sites and at an adequate concentration. (mechanobio.info)
Altered mitochondrial recycling, resulting from abnormal biogenesis/mitophagy cycles, coupled to decreased antioxidant capacity and hence unmitigated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, all result in impaired ATP synthesis and trigger energy deficits largely responsible for the progressive cellular dysfunction characteristic of aging [ 3 , 4 ]. (aging-us.com)

The production of antibody fragments and antibody fusion proteins by yeasts and filamentous fungi. (scriptiebank.be)
A loading control is an antibody specific for a ubiquitously and constitutively expressed protein and can be used to normalize protein levels in Western blot. (novusbio.com)

Reduced SMO-dependent expression of Gli1 was demonstrated in both Tsc1 −/− and Tsc2 −/− cells, and we found that Tsc1 is required for TGF-β induced phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and subsequent expression of the HH signaling effector and transcription factor GLI2. (springer.com)

By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Presented in Figure 2(a) is the fluorescence emission intensity from a culture of rat kangaroo ( PtK2 ) epithelial cells that were immunofluorescently labeled with primary anti-bovine alpha -tubulin mouse monoclonal antibodies followed by goat anti-mouse Fab fragments conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488. (microscopyu.com)
The specimen was simultaneously labeled with primary anti-human OxPhos Complex V inhibitor protein mouse monoclonal antibodies followed by goat anti-mouse Fab fragments conjugated to Alexa Fluor 555 (emission maximum at 571 nanometers). (microscopyu.com)
A thin section of mouse kidney tissue, labeled with DAPI, Alexa Fluor 488, and Alexa Fluor 568 is presented in Figure 2(d). (microscopyu.com)
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of COS-7 cells using β-Actin (13E5) Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor ® 647 Conjugate) (blue pseudocolor). (cellsignal.com)
Flow cytometric analysis of Hela cells using β-Actin (13E5) Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor ® 647 Conjugate) (solid line) compared to concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP ® Isotype Control (Alexa Fluor ® 647 Conjugate) #2985 (dashed line). (cellsignal.com)

Because the gene page contains a lot of information, it takes on average 3-5 seconds to load. (uth.edu)
Gene Ontology annotations were extended to 16,467 proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
CUL3 ASD-associated genetic variants are most often de novo missense or loss of function (loF) mutations, dispersed throughout the entire gene and affecting distinct protein domains. (nature.com)
1. Testing the genetic requirements of dfxr (Drosophila Fragile X related gene) in dendritic filopodia development. (fraxa.org)
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked complex immune deficiency caused by mutations in the WAS gene which codes for the WAS protein (WASp). (inserm.fr)
these proteins are also important in regulating gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
These traits can be the consequences of alterations that are directly changing the protein function, or they can emerge after several gene expression regulation steps, caused for example by alternative splicing or methylation. (biomedcentral.com)

This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
They are endowed with GTP hydrolytic activity, mainly involved in cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell motility, but also involved in cell proliferation, transformation and differentiation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemical inhibitors were used on three targets in pharmacological screens using both planaria and schistosomula, revealing distinct motility phenotypes that were shown to correlate with planarian RNAi phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)

In particular, we are focusing on late stage dendrite development mutants including mutations affecting the development of Actin rich dendrite structure - dendrite filopodia, which share some biochemical similarity to human spines. (fraxa.org)
As might be expected, mutations affecting mitochondria lead to a complex set of pathologies and the resulting disorders are the most frequent of the inborn errors of metabolism, with an estimated incidence of at least one in 10,000 live births [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations identified in many SH2 domain-containing proteins as well as the SH2 domain itself are associated with human diseases ranging from cancers, diabetes, to immunodeficiencies. (eu.org)
Mutations in all sarcoglycans, in dysferlin, and in caveolin-3, as well as mutations that cause abnormal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, can result in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. (medscape.com)

The analysis of Cdc42 and Rac function in evolutionarily distant organisms is useful as a tool to uncover the basic activities of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Contraction of actin fibers pulls the cell body forward. (medscape.com)
Muscle fibers can broadly be divided into 3 muscles types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. (medscape.com)

Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)

A structural feature that distinguishes the Rho proteins from other small GTPases is the so-called Rho insert domain located between a β strand and an α helix within the small GTPase domain [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cdc42 and Rac - ancient, highly conserved, small GTPases - mediate extracellular signals, triggering changes in transcription and in the actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
Rho GTPases are small (20-30 kDa) GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, small GTPases related to Rac are found even in organisms that lack Ras, such as plants. (biomedcentral.com)
In all systems, these GTPases are best known for their effects on the polymerization and distribution of actin in the cell cortex [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The synthesis of the peptides may provide sufficient material to enable further studies and to determine the structure-activity relationships or may provide discovery of new analogues with improved properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. (intechopen.com)

E7 from human papil omavirus type 16 cooperate to cancer: the European prospective investigation into doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp321 PMID:20047954 target the PDZ protein Na/H exchange regulatory cancer and nutrition study. (who.int)

Proteins that are destined for the endoplasmic reticulum also carry a signal peptide. (mechanobio.info)

Similarly, primary cilia have been implicated in regulation of mTOR signaling, in which Tuberous Sclerosis Complex proteins 1 and 2 (TSC1/2) negatively regulate protein synthesis by inactivating the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) at energy limiting states. (springer.com)

This motif is found in Cdc42/Rac-associated proteins such as the protein kinases Pak, MRCK and Ack, the adaptor proteins Spec and WASP, and, in degenerate form, in the kinases MLK, Mekk4, adaptor Par6, scaffold protein IRSp53, and the Borg proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Afadin, a scaffold protein localized in adherens junctions (AJs), links nectins to the actin cytoskeleton. (rcsb.org)

However, mechanistic details are lacking, and recent studies have implicated ALMS1 in several processes including endosomal trafficking, actin organisation, maintenance of centrosome cohesion and transcription. (springer.com)

MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9, GELB, CLG4B) is a matrix metalloproteinase, a family of zinc and calcium-dependent endopeptidases that degrade extracellular matrix proteins. (thermofisher.com)

In line with a more complex picture, multiple isoforms of the protein likely exist and non-centrosomal sites of localisation have been reported. (springer.com)

Microb Cell Fact 2:1.7. (scriptiebank.be)
The mTORC1 signaling cascade receives inputs from various upstream cues related to the metabolic and nutritional status of the cell and translates these into cell growth [ 4 , 6 ]. (springer.com)
In the presence of nutrients, mTORC1 is activated and promotes cell growth, including protein synthesis and energy storage. (springer.com)
J Cell Biol (2007) 178 (2): 185-191. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol, 2020 Feb 3. (nih.gov)
The ability to sequence the entire genome makes it possible to follow exactly the sites of integration of the new genetic material and to ensure their harmlessness with regard to the physiological functions of the target cell. (inserm.fr)
Functional annotation clustering showed that they belong to cell cycle, organelle or nuclear lumen, protein transport, and DNA binding and repair clusters. (molvis.org)
NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3 and NOTCH4 are cell surface receptors that transduce juxtacrine signals of delta-like canonical Notch ligand (DLL)1, DLL3, DLL4, jagged canonical Notch ligand (JAG)1 and JAG2 from adjacent cells ( 1 - 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Further analysis revealed two clusters related to cell proliferation and the tumor microenvironment. (molcells.org)
Taken together, these results imply that TJP1 contributes to the development of sarcoma by proliferation through modulating cell-cell aggregation and communication through cytokines in the tumor microenvironment and might be a beneficial therapeutic target. (molcells.org)

Furthermore, TSC1 was demonstrated to be required for the proper activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-SMAD2/3 pathway in HeLa cells [ 11 ]. (springer.com)
Over the last 15 years I have developed a research pathway in auxin biosynthesis going back to my degree and PhD work at the Technical University of Munich where I studied the nitrilase pathway in maize auxin biosynthesis and maize tryptophan synthase complex. (brookes.ac.uk)

Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing 5'-inositol phosphatase localizes to podosomes, and the SH2 domain is implicated in the attenuation of bone resorption in osteoclasts. (nih.gov)
With the exception of ForI and ForC all other formins conform to the domain structure GBD/FH3-FH1-FH2-DAD, where DAD is the Diaphanous autoinhibition domain and GBD/FH3 is the Rho GTPase-binding domain/formin homology 3 domain that we propose to represent a single domain. (biomedcentral.com)
The FH2 (formin homology 2) domain is the defining feature of all formins. (biomedcentral.com)
In most fungal and metazoan formins the FH1-FH2 core is accompanied by a less well conserved N-terminal FH3 (formin homology 3) domain involved in targeting [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here I pursued my scientific interests in subcellular protein localisation, bioinformatics, and mathematical modelling. (brookes.ac.uk)

therapeutic targets? (lu.se)

Despite the well-understood process of CUL3-mediated protein ubiquitination and degradation 12 , its target proteins in the developing central nervous system and its role in brain development remain utterly understudied. (nature.com)
Ubiquitin, composed of 76 amino acids, attaches to a target protein prior to degradation. (mdpi.com)

2,693 sequences were identified in orthology groups spanning flukes, tapeworms and planaria, with 441 highlighted as belonging to druggable protein families. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein recruitment is essentially a form of protein recognition, made possible by the presence of specific amino-acid sequences within the protein structure. (mechanobio.info)
This is achieved through the recognition of distinct signal sequences that target proteins to each of these regions. (mechanobio.info)

Interestingly, such decrease has been correlated with the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) [ 11 ]. (aging-us.com)

The mRNA level and protein level of APOE of PTC tissues were significantly elevated in TCGA cohort and Shanghai cohort. (jcancer.org)
After 72 h, the ANX2 mRNA and its own proteins appearance on THP-1 cells had been discovered by qRTCPCR or Traditional western blot to be able to confirm the knock-down of ANX2. (iassist2012.org)
The mRNA and protein degrees of target substances were assayed finally. (iassist2012.org)

CRYAA interacted with these proteins to maintain their solubility and decrease the accumulation of denatured target proteins. (molvis.org)
The accumulation of a protein at a given site is known as protein localization. (mechanobio.info)

Current work is directed at three related problems: Ankyrin functions. (dana-farber.org)

Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. (intechopen.com)

Besides impairing ATP production by compromising the normal function of the respiratory chain machinery, excessive ROS generation and the ensuing oxidative stress cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, accelerating the aging phenotype [ 5 , 6 ]. (aging-us.com)

SRP (signal recognition particle) interacts with the signal sequence as soon as it emerges from the ribosomal polypeptide exit tunnel (1-2). (mechanobio.info)

Immunogen: Carrier-protein conjugated synthetic peptide encompassing a sequence within the N-terminus region of human ARPC1A. (icbinhibitor.com)
All members contain the sequence motifs characteristic of all GTP-binding proteins, bind to GDP and GTP with high affinity. (biomedcentral.com)
This work provides the first comprehensive and annotated sequence resource for the model planarian G. tigrina , alongside a prioritized list of candidate drug targets conserved among parasitic and free-living flatworms. (biomedcentral.com)
Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
This usually consists of about 30 amino acids that are not present in a linear sequence, but are in close spatial proximity in the 3-dimensional space. (mechanobio.info)

After that, the topic of nuclear imaging-guided peptidic drug targets and labeling techniques and recent developments in therapy was discussed. (intechopen.com)
Then, proteins encoded by the nuclear genome and destined for the mitochondria will be made close to mitochondrial-encoded proteins so that they can be assembled efficiently into mitochondrial complexes. (biomedcentral.com)

Rho proteins belong to the Ras superfamily. (biomedcentral.com)

The present study characterizes an inhibitor of endomembrane protein trafficking, TE1 (trafficking and endocytosis inhibitor 1/TENin1) that reduces gravitropic root bending in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. (portlandpress.com)

Cells exhibit three distinct modes of migration when invading the 3 D environment. (biomedcentral.com)
Hedgehog signaling was restored in Tsc1 −/− cells after exogenous expression of Gli2 , whereas rapamycin restored HH signaling in Tsc 2 −/− cells. (springer.com)
Deficiency of this protein is responsible for small platelet 2 thrombocytopenia and poor function of white blood cells, especially T, B, natural killer and dendritic cells. (inserm.fr)
Mycalolides A-C exhibited significant cytotoxicity against B-16 melanoma cells [ 1 ] and potent actin depolymerizing activity [ 9 ]. (mdpi.com)
In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In living cells, foci have an apparent diffusion constant of 1.1 × 10 -3 μm 2 /s, and mitochondria always split next to a focus to distribute all DNA to one daughter. (biomedcentral.com)
The THP-1 cells (1 107) were incubated with anti-2GPI (10 g/ml)/2GPI (100 g/ml) complex for Enalapril maleate 6 h, lysed with 1 ml of lysate buffer (mentioned above) and centrifuged at 93 for 30 min. (iassist2012.org)
ANX2 RNA disturbance assay To judge the partnership of ANX2 and TLR-4 in anti-2GPI/2GPI complex-induced TF appearance on THP-1 cells, the result of ANX2 RNA disturbance of THP-1 cells was analysed. (iassist2012.org)
The cells had been then gathered and activated by anti-2GPI (10 g/ml)/2GPI (100 g/ml) for 2 h or Enalapril maleate 6 h. (iassist2012.org)
Erratum in Emerg Infect the EPEC adherence factor plasmid strain as well as in HEp-2 cells. (cdc.gov)

Apparently, the last three amino acids of the nectin-3 C-terminus were sufficient to bind AFPDZ, in which the two hydrophobic residues are important. (rcsb.org)
The active full-length CRYAA protein corresponding to amino acids 1-173 of CRYAA was recombined. (molvis.org)

Anatomy27

Organisms16

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science8

Kinase9

Membrane24

Intracellular7

Nucleation5

Cytoskeletal4

Subunit8

Receptor10

Organization6

Genes12

Pathways4

Regulates4

Reorganization2

Encodes3

Arp21

Filaments1

Myosin1

Downstream3

Interactions9

Cellular8

Antibody2

Effector1

Filamentous1

Alexa Fluor5

Gene7

Motility3

Mutations4

Evolutionarily1

Fibers2

Lipid1

GTPases5

Peptides1

PMID1

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Regulate1

Kinases1

Scaffold protein1

Processes1

Extracellular1

Isoforms1

Cell10

Pathway2

Homology4

Subcellular1

Therapeutic targets1

Degradation2

Sequences3

Interestingly1

MRNA3

Accumulation2

Ankyrin1

Citations1

Lipids1

Interacts1

Sequence7

Nuclear2

Superfamily1

Endocytosis1

Cells10

Amino acids2