• The ocular fundus is the back of the eye opposite the pupil and includes the retina, the membrane (the choroid) between the retina and the white of the eye, and the optic disk. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • More severely affected dogs may also have abnormalities close to where the optic nerve enters the eye, and some will have detachment of the retina. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The optic disc is also the entry point for the major blood vessels that supply the retina. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blood flow in the retina and choroid in the optic disc region can be revealed non invasively by near-infrared laser Doppler imaging. (wikipedia.org)
  • The optic nerve contains fibers that carry visual information from the nerve cells in the retina to the nerve cells in the brain. (drugs.com)
  • Retina L eye with paleness of the optic disc temporally (arrow, image A). Fluorescein angiography L eye shows retinal edema, perimacular exudates, and the arrow indicates vasculitis (see image B). Retina R eye shows perimacular exudates (arrow, image C). Fluorescein angiography R eye shows retinal edema with perimacular exudates (see image D). (uab.edu)
  • The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which then processes that image within the retina and sends nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the visual cortex to create visual perception . (wikipedia.org)
  • Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses that are sent to various visual centres of the brain through the fibres of the optic nerve . (wikipedia.org)
  • therefore, the optic nerve must cross through the retina en route to the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nowadays, more advanced segmentation algorithms and higher resolution imaging enable the automated and precise identification of additional retinal layers including the outer retina as well as novel and more precise peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) parameters such as Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) around the optic disk 13 . (nature.com)
  • This technology enables the physician to accurately visualize the retina and optic disk and make an accurate diagnosis of potential retinal hemorrhages or papiledema. (who.int)
  • It is useful for finding evidence corroborating the diagnosis of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, optic neuritis, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or papilledema (i.e. optic disc swelling produced by raised intracranial pressure), and optic disc drusen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Optic neuritis (ON) may involve the retrobulbar (retrobulbar neuritis) or the intrabulbar (papillitis) portion of the optic nerve, or both. (bmj.com)
  • Optic neuritis (ON) represents inflammation of the optic nerve. (bmj.com)
  • Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. (bmj.com)
  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4015469?tool=bestpractice.com [2] Optic Neuritis Study Group. (bmj.com)
  • The clinical profile of optic neuritis: experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. (bmj.com)
  • Retrobulbar neuritis is a form of optic neuritis in which the optic nerve, which is at the back of the eye, becomes inflamed. (drugs.com)
  • Optic neuritis affects women twice as often as men and usually affects adults between the ages of 20 and 40. (drugs.com)
  • Between 20% and 40% of the 25,000 people who develop optic neuritis in the United States each year will develop multiple sclerosis within 5 years. (drugs.com)
  • Optic neuritis usually affects only one eye, but both eyes may be affected. (drugs.com)
  • In the early stages of retrobulbar neuritis, the optic disk appears normal. (drugs.com)
  • How long this condition lasts depends on the cause, and in some people, optic neuritis continues to return. (drugs.com)
  • In the pre-AIDS era, ocular syphilis was described as presenting either as a panuveitis as a manifestation of secondary syphilis (syphilitic meningitis), or as a manifestation of tertiary syphilis with optic neuritis, retinal degeneration, or Argyll-Robertson pupil. (uab.edu)
  • The paleness of the optic disk temporally persisted and this optic atrophy is a typical sequelae of syphilitic neuritis. (uab.edu)
  • The optic discs are classified according to computerized static perimetry and documented IOP readings: 101 discs show normal visual fields (36 normal discs, 22 ocular hypertensives, 28 normotensive glaucoma suspects and 15 ocular hypertensive glaucoma suspects), 47 discs (34 high-pressure glaucoma discs, 13 normal-tension glaucoma discs) demonstrate glaucomatous visual field damage. (nih.gov)
  • We studied the influence of optic disc diameter on the diagnostic power of subjective disc evaluation of glaucoma. (nih.gov)
  • To quantify the lamina cribrosa insertion into the peripapillary sclera and optic nerve pia in normal (N) and early experimental glaucoma (EEG) monkey eyes. (arvojournals.org)
  • 2 , 3 Because the clinical and pathophysiologic contexts for cupping are seldom clarified, there is a large and often confusing literature regarding the presence and importance of cupping in a variety of optic neuropathies, including glaucoma. (arvojournals.org)
  • Recently, a novel neuroretinal rim parameter, based on the minimum rim width from Bruch's membrane opening to the neuroretinal surface (BMO-MRW), has demonstrated much greater effectiveness in evaluating the ONH for glaucoma than other optic disc margin measurements such as cup-to-disc ratio and rim area. (cdc.gov)
  • However, to make use of this technology, fiber optic adapters are needed to bridge the gap between different types of fiber optic cables. (knowledgedisk.com)
  • They play a crucial role in ensuring that data is transmitted seamlessly between different types of fiber optic cables. (knowledgedisk.com)
  • When upgrading a network, it is common to encounter different types of fiber optic cables. (knowledgedisk.com)
  • They allow for a seamless transition between different types of fiber optic cables and are crucial in network upgrades and expansion. (knowledgedisk.com)
  • Other types of fiber optic switches are literally switches, as in a light switch, which uses fiber optic cables to deliver signals instead of traditional copper wires. (techopedia.com)
  • If the blood vessels supplying the optic nerve become inflamed, it can lead to a condition called anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, which can cause sudden and permanent vision loss. (proprofs.com)
  • Women in an advanced stage of pregnancy with pre-eclampsia should be screened by an ophthalmoscopic examination of the optic disc for early evidence of a rise in intracranial pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report a case of a chorioretinal coloboma mimicking a second optic disk in an asymptomatic 12-year-old boy. (sutterhealth.org)
  • RESULTS: An asymptomatic 12-year-old boy presented with a chorioretinal coloboma of the right eye giving the impression of a second optic disk. (sutterhealth.org)
  • Fiber optic cables have been a game changer in the world of network connectivity, providing faster and more reliable data transmission than traditional copper cables. (knowledgedisk.com)
  • Fiber optic adapters, also known as fiber couplers, are devices that connect two fiber optic cables together. (knowledgedisk.com)
  • Fiber optic adapters help to reduce the size of fiber optic cables, making them more convenient to install. (knowledgedisk.com)
  • Adapters also play an important role in network upgrades, as they allow for the integration of new fiber optic cables with existing cables, without causing disruption to the network. (knowledgedisk.com)
  • 0.01) between the groups of optic discs classified according to perimetry for most topometric parameters evaluated except for disc area. (nih.gov)
  • Classification according to documented IOP (cut off at 21 mmHg) results in larger disc areas in normotensive discs compared to hypertensive optic nerve heads in the study population. (nih.gov)
  • The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because there are no rods or cones overlying the optic disc, it corresponds to a small blind spot in each eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. (wikipedia.org)
  • The optic disc in a normal human eye carries 1-1.2 million afferent nerve fibers from the eye toward the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The optic disc is placed 3 to 4 mm to the nasal side of the fovea. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using a modern direct ophthalmoscope gives a view of the optic disc using the principle of reversibility of light. (wikipedia.org)
  • A slit lamp biomicroscopic examination along with an appropriate aspheric focusing lens (+66D, +78D or +90D) is required for a detailed stereoscopic view of the optic disc and structures inside the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, the eye care physician notes the colour, cupping size (as a cup-to-disc ratio), sharpness of edge, swelling, hemorrhages, notching in the optic disc and any other unusual anomalies. (wikipedia.org)
  • A normal optic disc is orange to pink in colour and may vary based on ethnicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • A pale disc is an optic disc which varies in colour from a pale pink or orange colour to white. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Traditional colour-film camera images are the reference standard in imaging, requiring an expert ophthalmic photographer, ophthalmic technician, optometrist or ophthalmologist for taking standardised pictures of the optic disc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT), scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography are computerised techniques for imaging various structures of the eyes, including the optic disc. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are useful for baseline and serial follow-up to monitor minute changes in optic disc morphology. (wikipedia.org)
  • A doctor will use an ophthalmoscope or other specialized equipment (such as a slit lamp) to examine the back of the eye, particularly the optic disc. (drugs.com)
  • Racial differences in the anatomy of the optic nerve head (ONH), such as larger optic discs and disc area, deeper cups, variation in lamina cribrosa position, and thicker overall retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and peripapillary choroid thicknesses in AD individuals, have also been previously described. (cdc.gov)
  • Ocular pressure measurements and eval- lidity of community-based surveys carried uation of optic cup, optic disc and surround- out with these limited tools [ 5 ]. (who.int)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating central nervous system condition clinically defined by two episodes of neurologic dysfunction (brain, spinal cord, or optic nerves) that are separated in space and time. (bmj.com)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is defined as an inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by the presence of episodic neurologic dysfunction in at least two areas of the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves) separated in time and space. (bmj.com)
  • Participants with normal optic nerves on exam received SDOCT of the optic nerve head (24 radial scans). (cdc.gov)
  • Given that the eye possesses clear optics and shares many neural and vascular similarities to the brain, it offers a direct window to cerebral pathology. (frontiersin.org)
  • I use large ground-based telescopes equipped with a technology called adaptive optics that " de-twinkles " stars so that I can search their environs for young exoplanets (planets around other stars) and circumstellar disks (the disks of gas and dust that form planets). (amherst.edu)
  • Idiopathic ON, the most common form of ON, is an inflammatory optic neuropathy in the absence of evidence of a systemic inflammatory disease. (bmj.com)
  • Table 1 ) cup in all forms of optic neuropathy. (arvojournals.org)
  • Perfusion-fixed optic nerve heads (ONHs) from 21 animals were digitally reconstructed three dimensionally and delineated. (arvojournals.org)
  • 2015, "Asymmetric Scattered Light Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Oph IRS 48 Transitional Disk", Astrophysical Journal , 798, 132F. (amherst.edu)
  • 2013, "The First Circumstellar Disk Imaged in Silhouette at Visible Wavelengths with Adaptive Optics: MagAO Imaging of Orion 218-354", Astrophysical Journal Letters , 775, L13. (amherst.edu)
  • 2013, "The SR21 Transitional Disk Imaged in Scattered Polarized Light at H-band with Adaptive Optics", Astrophysical Journal , 767, 10F. (amherst.edu)
  • Near-infrared laser Doppler flowmetry was applied in 15 normal volunteers to record the time course and magnitude of changes in the velocity (Vel), volume (Vol) and flow (F) of blood and tissue reflectance (R) at the optic disk in response to 40 and 50 s of increased retinal neural activity. (unicatt.it)
  • However, in one subject, 15 recordings from the same site of the optic disk showed a significant increase in R of 8%, with a time course similar to that of Vol. Our findings show that, in the human optic nerve, a white matter tissue, the temporal dynamics and magnitude of the response of blood flow to an increase in retinal neural activity are similar to those reported for brain gray matter. (unicatt.it)
  • Although the overlying neural tissue is partly transparent, and the accompanying glial cells have been shown to act as fibre-optic channels to transport photons directly to the photoreceptors, [7] [8] light scattering does occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • CONCLUSION: True optic nerve duplication is a rare entity that can be mimicked by other etiologies, including choroidal colobomas and postinflammatory lesions, requiring careful examination by clinicians. (sutterhealth.org)
  • hence, it refers not only to a networking switch used in fiber optic networking but also to a small device attached between lines in order to make light signals follow one path or another, like a selector switch. (techopedia.com)
  • Reliability is also enhanced since light signals are not affected by interference from electromagnetic waves, so noise is not an issue with fiber optic technology. (techopedia.com)
  • What Does Magnetic Disk Mean? (techopedia.com)
  • A magnetic disk is a storage device that uses a magnetization process to write, rewrite. (techopedia.com)
  • This feature should make it easier to repair any incorrect disk associates with a project. (liveoptics.com)
  • Symmetrix DMX-4 is the first enterprise storage system to provide flash drives that break the performance barriers of traditional disk technology. (pancamo.com)
  • There is a central depression, of variable size, called the optic cup. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typical uses include the assembly of medical catheters, fiber optic components, disk drives, and other products that require an extremely high degree of process control. (thomasnet.com)
  • In rare instances, there may be a need to break a cluster disk and list each node of the cluster as a local disk for each device. (liveoptics.com)