The Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) is found in many species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as in archea and are typically associated with conjugation or delivery of virulence proteins to eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is widely spread amongst Gram-negative bacteria and consists of a protein complex, encoded by several different genes, forming "needle-like" structure capable of injecting effector molecules into neighbouring target cells similar to the contractile tail of the T4 bacteriophage. (wikipedia.org)
L. pneumophila employs the Icm/Dot type IV secretion system (T4SS) to form the replication-permissive Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV), which is decorated with multiple components of the retrograde trafficking machinery as well as retrograde cargo receptors. (uzh.ch)
Strains of Helicobacter pylori that cause ulcer or gastric cancer typically express a type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI). (pacb.com)
The major H. pylori virulence factor that determines whether infection causes disease or asymptomatic colonization is the type IV secretion system (T4SS), a sort of molecular syringe that injects bacterial products into gastric epithelial cells and alters host cell physiology. (pacb.com)
Upon activation, toxic effectors from this secretion system are translocated into the competitor prokaryote or eukaryote in a contact-dependent manner. (preprints.org)
Our previous studies show that Coxiella manipulates host LD metabolism via the Type 4 Secretion System (T4SS), a major virulence factor which secretes bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm to manipulate cellular processes. (pcom.edu)
These virulence phenotypes require a Type IV secretion system (T4SS), currently proposed to be the T4SS encoded by the dot/icm loci. (elsevierpure.com)
CagA protein can be transported into the gastric epithelial cells by type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag PAI. (biomedcentral.com)
Translocation1
Here we found that these recombination events produce parallel changes in specific binding to a5ß1 integrin, a host cell receptor that is essential for T4SS-dependent translocation of bacterial effectors. (pacb.com)
Proteins6
Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Secreted bacterial effector proteins are able to target and manipulate host pathways to benefit the pathogen. (phys.org)
In recent years, however, evidence has emerged on numerous T6SS effectors that interact with related immunity proteins in a range of eukaryotic hosts. (preprints.org)
The proposed research will be significant in defining the role of a second T4SS and Legionella TPR-containing proteins in virulence phenotypes. (elsevierpure.com)
In addition to Vgr and Hcp proteins, the actual hallmark of this novel system is the presence of an AAA+ Clp-like ATPase and of two additional genes icmF and dotU , encoding homologs of T4SS stabilising proteins [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial4
Similarly, expression of CagY in the absence of other T4SS genes was necessary and sufficient for whole bacterial cell binding to a5ß1 integrin. (pacb.com)
Bacteria with variant cagY alleles that reduced T4SS function showed comparable reduction in binding to a5ß1 integrin, although CagY was still expressed on the bacterial surface. (pacb.com)
We, therefore, summarize the impacts of the T6SS effectors with a special focus on bacterial interactions with animals, plants, and fungi. (preprints.org)
Complex interactions between Gram-negative bacteria and their environment are facilitated by numerous surface-attached and exported macromolecules, some of which represent bacterial toxins and effectors. (biomedcentral.com)
Virulence4
These pathotypes employ many virulence factors and effectors subverting the func-tions of host cells to mediate its virulence and pathogenesis. (preprints.org)
The Pi's laboratory implicated the T4SS encoded by the Legionella Ivh locus in reversal of defective virulence phenotypes in dotA/B mutants. (elsevierpure.com)
The Lvh T4SS locus is currently thought to be dispensable for L pneumophila virulence phenotypes. (elsevierpure.com)
Since the Dot/lcm T4SS is a major focus in Legionella research, implication of the Lvh T4SS in virulence phenotypes identifies a new mechanism in Legionella pathogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
Molecules1
The significance of the interaction may be to secrete effector molecules that affect host cell processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Legionella1
The requirement for the Dot/lcm T4SS is based on defects in internalization, delay of phagosome acidification and intracellular replication phenotypes when amoebae and macrophages are infected with broth stationary cultures of Legionella dot/icm null mutants. (elsevierpure.com)
T6SS4
One T6SS may have several different effectors such as PAAR-domain toxins or Hcp toxins and some species can deliver these toxins into both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Likewise, many virulent T6SS effectors are known to be antibacterial. (preprints.org)
Insights into how this effector-immunity pairing alters the physiological responses of the recipient organism might provide opportunities relating to the T6SS agricultural and biotherapeutic applications. (preprints.org)
We further briefly discuss pipelines that are currently used to characterize antieukaryotic T6SS effectors. (preprints.org)
Pylori2
Using a cell-free microfluidic assay, we found that H. pylori binding to a5ß1 integrin under shear flow is dependent on the CagY MRR, but independent of the presence of the T4SS pili, which are only formed when H. pylori is in contact with host cells. (pacb.com)
We speculate that cagY-dependent modulation of H. pylori T4SS function is mediated by alterations in binding to a5ß1 integrin, which in turn regulates the host inflammatory response so as to maximize persistent infection.IMPORTANCE Infection with H. pylori can cause peptic ulcers and is the most important risk factor for gastric cancer, the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. (pacb.com)
Pneumophila1
The L. pneumophila effector protein RidL is secreted by the T4SS and interferes with retrograde trafficking. (uzh.ch)
Alters1
We propose that CagY-dependent binding to a5ß1 integrin acts like a molecular rheostat that alters T4SS function and modulates the host immune response to promote persistent infection. (pacb.com)
Modulates1
We previously showed that recombination in CagY, an essential T4SS component, modulates the function of the T4SS. (pacb.com)
Protein1
This effector kills targets that do not have the cognate immunity protein similar to other CDI systems. (wikipedia.org)
Infection2
Jason M. Park et al, An Anaplasma phagocytophilum T4SS effector, AteA, is essential for tick infection, mBio (2023). (phys.org)
These studies indicate that during infection Coxiella T4SS actively manipulates cox-2 expression resulting in increased PGE2. (pcom.edu)
Interaction1
This T4SS contains information on host-pathogen interaction. (sjtu.edu.cn)
Function2
Recombination in the CagY MRR reduces T4SS function, diminishes the host inflammatory response, and enables the bacteria to colonize at a higher density. (pacb.com)
Since CagY is known to bind human a5ß1 integrin, we tested the hypothesis that recombination in the CagY MRR regulates T4SS function by modulating binding to a5ß1 integrin. (pacb.com)
Structure1
This T4SS contains information of structure. (sjtu.edu.cn)
Secretion system9
Understanding the specific roles of effectors in pathogenesis requires not only target identification and biochemical characterisation, but also consideration of how and when the secretion system and effectors are expressed. (frontiersin.org)
The Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) is found in many species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as in archea and are typically associated with conjugation or delivery of virulence proteins to eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is widely spread amongst Gram-negative bacteria and consists of a protein complex, encoded by several different genes, forming "needle-like" structure capable of injecting effector molecules into neighbouring target cells similar to the contractile tail of the T4 bacteriophage. (wikipedia.org)
In order to establish persistence, Bartonella injects a cocktail of effector proteins through the type IV secretion system (T4SS) into host cells. (nih.gov)
L. pneumophila delivers a large number of proteins, so called effectors, into the host cell via the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS). (nih.gov)
Upon phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages, L. pneumophila uses a type IV secretion system (T4SS) to translocate more than 300 effector proteins into the host. (nih.gov)
Several virulence factors have been described, but the type-three secretion system (T3SS) is recognized as having a major effect on virulence by injecting effectors directly into fish cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Bartonella uses a VirB type IV secretion system (T4SS) to translocate Bartonella effector proteins (Beps) into the infected cells. (unibas.ch)
The gastric pathogen H. pylori employs a type IV secretion system (T4SS) to inject the oncogenic effector protein CagA into the stomach epithelium of its human host. (deepakdavid.com)
Protein7
This effector kills targets that do not have the cognate immunity protein similar to other CDI systems. (wikipedia.org)
Using a bioinformatics approach, we discovered five novel L. pneumophila effectors with putative protein kinase domains, three of which we already validated using a non-radioactive ATP analog labeling technique. (nih.gov)
The in vitro model showed for the first time a Bartonella effector protein translocation in primary immune cells of the reservoir host. (unibas.ch)
2004) and the effector protein, CagA (Odenbreit et al. (globaltechbiz.com)
The T4SS protein CagL localizes to the T4SS pilus and is essential for injection of CagA into host cells. (deepakdavid.com)
8. Tracking bacterial effector protein delivery into host cells. (nih.gov)
16. The Helicobacter pylori Cag Pathogenicity Island Protein Cag1 is Associated with the Function of T4SS. (nih.gov)
Putative1
EF-G, EF-Tu, DnaK, HtpG, PNPase, PepN and MdeA were moderately secreted in wt SNs and predicted to be putative T3 effectors by bioinformatics. (biomedcentral.com)
Peptidoglycan2
Some species of plant pathogen Xanthomonas, however, possess a particular T4SS capable of mediating CDI by delivering a peptidoglycan hydrolase. (wikipedia.org)
1999). These responses are mediated by the T4SS-dependent delivery of cell wall peptidoglycan (Viala et al. (globaltechbiz.com)
Pathogens1
Results confirmed the secretion of effectors AopH, AexT, AopP and AopO via T3SS, and for the first time demonstrated the impact of T3SS in secretion of Ati2, AopN and ExsE that are known as effectors in other pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
T3SS3
Many concepts and methods were pioneered during the functional analysis of T3SS effectors and are exemplary and applicable for the investigation of effectors delivered by other secretion systems. (frontiersin.org)
is a fine example for the use of several of these assays and state-of the art proteomics, which resulted in the identification of host Rab GTPases as new, physiologically relevant, targets that are glycosylated by the Salmonella T3SS effector SseK3. (frontiersin.org)
In a comprehensive review, Kamanova describes the complex framework, in which the T3SS and associated effectors of Bordetella pertussis and other classical Bordetella species operate to shape host-pathogen interactions. (frontiersin.org)
Toxins1
One T6SS may have several different effectors such as PAAR-domain toxins or Hcp toxins and some species can deliver these toxins into both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Vivo1
Slater and Frankel summarise this knowledge and focus on the in vivo approaches available to characterise effectors of enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and the surrogate mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium . (frontiersin.org)
Contrast2
In contrast, the effector repertoires are diverse in numbers and composition reflecting adaptation to specific lifestyles. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, the T4SS appears to be dispensable for the induction of cytokine responses in macrophages and monocytes (Maeda et al. (globaltechbiz.com)
Beps1
We found that the cell fragmentation of infected HUVECs is T4SS dependent and is a secondary effect of translocated Beps, potentially the Beps involved in the invasome formation. (unibas.ch)
Investigation1
Experimental investigation has been performed on this T4SS. (sjtu.edu.cn)
Cells1
2016). T4SS functionality depends on cholesterol-rich microdomains in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells (Lai et al. (globaltechbiz.com)
System1
These severe forms of disease are more commonly associated with contamination by strains which harbor a pathogenicity island (T4SS system mediates the induction of pro-inflammatory (e.g., interleukin-8, IL-8) responses (Viala et al. (globaltechbiz.com)