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BacteriophagesMuramidaseBacteriophage T4Bacteriophage lambdaColiphagesBacteriophage T7LysogenyT-PhagesBacteriophage muEscherichia coliBacteriophage phi 6DNA, ViralBacteriophage phi X 174Egg WhiteViral ProteinsBacteriophage P2Bacteriophage M13DNA VirusesBacteriolysisBacteriophage T3Bacteriophage P1Bacteriophage TypingSalmonella PhagesSiphoviridaeMolecular Sequence DataRNA PhagesGenes, ViralMutationBacteriophage PRD1Pseudomonas PhagesBase SequenceStaphylococcus PhagesBacillus PhagesPodoviridaeStreptococcus PhagesViral Tail ProteinsAdsorptionLevivirusGenome, ViralAmino Acid SequencePlasmidsChickensDNA ReplicationDNA PackagingGenesProphagesGenetics, MicrobialInovirusDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesMicrococcusBacillus subtilisTemperatureRecombination, GeneticAttachment Sites, MicrobiologicalMicroscopy, ElectronDNA Restriction EnzymesCloning, MolecularVirus ReplicationDNA, BacterialCentrifugation, Density GradientViral Plaque AssayCapsidTransduction, GeneticDNA, Single-StrandedKineticsProtein ConformationBacterial ProteinsBinding SitesModels, MolecularChloramphenicolDeoxyribonucleasesNucleic Acid ConformationCystoviridaeTranscription, GeneticBacteriophage Pf1Chromosome MappingCapsid ProteinsPhosphorus IsotopesMolecular WeightRNA, ViralN-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine AmidaseCaudoviralesTritiumDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseGenetic Complementation TestHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationProtein BindingDNA PrimaseCell WallElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelNucleic Acid HybridizationGenes, BacterialBiological TherapyCryoelectron MicroscopyPeptidoglycanHost SpecificityDNA NucleotidyltransferasesSewageProtein DenaturationSequence Analysis, DNA

EnterobacteriaPhagePROTEINMutationL121AVirusesLyticStructuralBacterial cell1.17LysisGenomeComprises1917DistinctComplexCellDomainsTermShowDomainRangeEscherichiaProteinProteinsMutantsLambdaBaseplateMoleculeInfectionStructuresAntigenMutationsEnzymesBacterialAssayInteractionsColiMoleculesActivityDomainRole

Enterobacteria2

• CusabioAlternative Name(s): UVSX,Recombination and repair proteinGene Names: UVSXResearch Areas: OthersOrganism: Enterobacteria phage T4 (Bacteriophage T4)AA. (joplink.net)
• CusabioAlternative Name(s): DsDNA-binding protein A (rpbB)Gene Names: dsbAResearch Areas: Cell BiologyOrganism: Enterobacteria phage T4 (Bacteriophage. (joplink.net)

Phage6

• This family includes lambda phage lysozyme and Escherichia coli T4 phage endolysin. (wikipedia.org)
• Lysozyme helps to release mature phage particles from the cell wall by breaking down the peptidoglycan. (wikipedia.org)
• A bacteriophage, commonly referred to as a phage or bacterial virus, is a specialized virus that targets and infects bacterial cells. (microbiologynote.com)
• Many of the lab's projects start with a harmless virus that infects bacteria, called a bacteriophage or phage. (gweisslab.net)
• Despite any significant sequence homology with lysozymes, structural analysis reveals that family 19 chitinases, together with family 46 chitosanases, are similar to several lysozymes including those from T4-phage and from goose. (unl.edu)
• Our data indicate that bacteriophages can infect hosts with a different genetic code and demonstrate phage-host antagonism based on code differences. (scienceintheclassroom.org)

PROTEIN3

• These bacteriophages appear to be most similar to bacteriophages that infect Pseudomonas and Ralstonia rather than Enterobacteriales bacteria by protein similarity, however, we were only able to detect infection of Erwinia and the closely related strains of Pantoea . (frontiersin.org)
• Structurally, a bacteriophage is characterized by its nucleic acid core, which can be either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protective protein coat. (microbiologynote.com)
• Here, we have attached an engineered variant of the protein T4 lysozyme to a carbon nanotube for interrogation of its catalytic activity in water. (gweisslab.net)

Mutation1

• We showed earlier that the mutation of Leu99 to alanine in bacteriophage T4 lysozyme creates an internal cavity of volume approximately 150 A(3) that binds benzene and a variety of other ligands. (nih.gov)

L121A1

• The cavities within pseudo wild-type and L121A lysozymes each bind only a single atom of noble gas, while the cavities within mutants L133A and F153A have two independent binding sites, and the L99A cavity has three interacting sites. (rcsb.org)

Viruses4

• The lytic cycle, denoted scientifically as /ˈlɪtɪk/ LIT-ik, represents one of the dual pathways of viral reproduction, specifically in relation to bacterial viruses, commonly termed bacteriophages. (microbiologynote.com)
• It is noteworthy that many bacteriophages, which are viruses that target bacteria, can alternate between the lytic and lysogenic cycles. (microbiologynote.com)
• They are Viruses with ssDNA (Parvoviruses), dsDNA (Bacteriophages), ssRNA (TMV) and dsRNA(wound tumour virus). (brainkart.com)
• Also, the simple bacteriophage Qβ belongs to this group of viruses. (fortunejournals.com)

Lytic2

• Here we characterize eight lytic bacteriophages of E. amylovora that we isolated from the Wasatch front (Utah, United States) that are highly similar to vB_EamM_Ea35-70 which was isolated in Ontario, Canada. (frontiersin.org)
• Bacteriophages that exclusively employ the lytic cycle for reproduction are categorized as virulent phages, setting them apart from the temperate phages. (microbiologynote.com)

Structural1

• The tensorial-perspective-based and mode-coupling-based SRLS picture provides new insights into the structural dynamics of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme. (biu.ac.il)

Bacterial cell1

• Upon encountering a suitable bacterial cell, the bacteriophage adheres to it using its tail fibers. (microbiologynote.com)

1.171

• lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17). (wikipedia.org)

Lysis1

• During the infection process, bacteriophages can transfer foreign DNA to their host (including virulence factors), integrate into the host genome, and/or kill their host through cell lysis ( Chen and Novick, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)

Genome2

• With the genome size ranging from 271 to 275 kb, this is a novel jumbo family of bacteriophages. (frontiersin.org)
• As reviewed in 2017, jumbo bacteriophages have diverse genome sizes (ranging from 208 to 497 kb) as well as diverse virion morphology and complex virion structure ( Yuan and Gao, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)

Comprises1

• Bacteriophage T4L lysozyme (T4L) comprises two domains connected by a helical linker. (biu.ac.il)

19171

• Historically, the discovery of bacteriophages can be attributed to two pioneering researchers: Frederick W. Twort from Great Britain in 1915 and Felix d'Herelle from France in 1917. (microbiologynote.com)

Distinct1

• The morphological features of a typical bacteriophage include a distinct head, which houses the nucleic acid, and a tail apparatus. (microbiologynote.com)

Complex1

• Complex or Atypical - Example: Bacteriophage, Vaccinia virus. (brainkart.com)

Cell1

• Bacteriophage Qβ was found to replicate in two of the three tested cell-free infection systems. (fortunejournals.com)

Domains1

• The T4 lysozyme structure contains 2 domains, the interface between which forms the active-site cleft. (wikipedia.org)

Term1

• The term "bacteriophage" is derived from the Greek words meaning "bacteria" and "to devour," aptly describing its role in the microbial world. (microbiologynote.com)

Show1

• At cryogenic temperatures encapsulated lysozyme did not show cold denaturation, instead became more structured. (asme.org)

Domain1

• lysozyme_like domain. (unl.edu)

Range1

• These jumbo bacteriophages were further characterized through genomic and proteomic comparison, mass spectrometry, host range and burst size. (frontiersin.org)

Escherichia9

• This family includes lambda phage lysozyme and Escherichia coli T4 phage endolysin. (wikipedia.org)
• The proof of such colinearity between DNA nitrogen base sequence and amino acid sequence in protein mole-cules has first obtained from an analysis of mutants of head protein of bacteriophage T4, and the A-protein tryptophan synthetase of Escherichia coli. (biologydiscussion.com)
• At left, a bacteriophage (red) is injecting its DNA genome (white) into an Escherichia coli cell. (rcsb.org)
• the carboxy-terminal domain of the transcription factor escherichia coli nusa, nusactd, interacts with the protein n of bacteriophage lambda, lambdan, and the carboxyl terminus of the e. coli rna polymerase alpha subunit, alphactd. (liverpool.ac.uk)
• two-stage continuous operation of recombinant escherichia coli using the bacteriophage lambda q- vector. (liverpool.ac.uk)
• a two-stage continuous culture of escherichia coli in combination with a bacteriophage lambda system was performed in order to overcome the intrinsic plasmid instability that is frequently observed in recombinant fermentation. (liverpool.ac.uk)
• heterologous escherichia coli or bacteriophage lambda dna fragments of various sizes were inserted into vectors based on either the rolling-circle-type plasmid pwv01 or the theta-type plasmid pambeta1. (liverpool.ac.uk)
• 25. T7-promoter-based Escherichia coli expression system induced with bacteriophage M13HEP. (nih.gov)
• Formation of active ribosomal subunits in Escherichia coli requires transcription of rRNA genes by host RNA polymerase which cannot be replaced by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. (nih.gov)

Protein6

• The discrepancies between the lysozyme structures in different crystallographic environments are in line with other comparisons of independently determined protein crystal structures. (rcsb.org)
• Cumulative site-directed charge-change replacements in bacteriophage T4 lysozyme suggest that long-range electrostatic interactions contribute little to protein stability. (protabank.org)
• Bacteriophage T4 lysozyme is a soluble protein that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan and releases the virus from its bacterial host. (corecon-ma.org.br)
• The above conjugate, although completely synthetic, elicited the production of antibodies which manifest lysozyme specificity and are able to recognize a conformation-dependent determinant in the native protein. (nih.gov)
• At right, the bacteriophage produces a channel-forming protein (magenta) that pierces the inner cell membrane, allowing lysozyme enzymes to break down the peptidoglycan sheath (fibrous molecules shown in turquoise between the two cellular membranes) that supports the cell. (rcsb.org)
• The fish vaccinated with P1 (T4) and P1+P2 (T6) showed enhanced levels of Hb, RBCs, PLt, PCt, protein, albumin and decreased levels of RDW, PDW, MPV, and liver and kidney enzymes with enhanced contents more than streptomycin and closer to the control group. (sciendo.com)

Proteins3

• 36. Expression of genes 51, 27, 28 coding for proteins of the central part of bacteriophage T4 baseplate in the bacteriophage T7 promoter/RNA polymerase expression system. (nih.gov)
• When introduced at solvent-exposed α-helical positions in two model proteins, calmodulin (CaM) and T4 lysozyme (T4L), EPR measurements show that the R1p side chain exhibits dramatically reduced internal motion compared to the commonly used R1 spin label (generated by reacting cysteine with the spin labeling compound often referred to as MTSL). (nih.gov)
• Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. (sciendo.com)

Mutants2

• The structures of various mutants of T4 lysozyme have been determined in 25 non-isomorphous crystal forms. (rcsb.org)
• 29. In vivo and in vitro activities of point mutants of the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. (nih.gov)

Lambda1

• display of aggregation-prone ligand binding domain of human ppar gamma on surface of bacteriophage lambda. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Baseplate2

• Many structures of parts of bacteriophage T4 are available in the PDB archive, including the head that holds the DNA in PDB ID 7vs5 (mature form) and 7vrt (immature form), and the baseplate with the injection machinery in PDB ID 5iv5 . (rcsb.org)
• Morphologically it resembles the sheathed tail of bacteriophages such as T4, including a baseplate at one end. (nih.gov)

Molecule3

• This suggests that hinge-bending is an intrinsic property of the lysozyme molecule and is not an artifact due to mutation. (rcsb.org)
• Bacteriophage T4 lysozyme is a basic molecule with an isoelectric point above 9.0, and an excess of nine positive charges at neutral pH. (protabank.org)
• The study is based on previous findings (8, 9) that an isolated fragment of lysozyme [residues 60-83 in the aminoacid sequence of the molecule (10), denoted "loop" ], encompassing an independent antigenic determinant (11), is capable, after coupling to a synthetic polymer, of eliciting antibodies that react specifically with the native lysozyme molecule. (nih.gov)

Infection2

• Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but NOT in the lysogenic cycle? (easynotecards.com)
• 27. Multiple roles of T7 RNA polymerase and T7 lysozyme during bacteriophage T7 infection. (nih.gov)

Structures1

• An online browser, called 'Theta-Base' ( www.helmholtz-hiri.de/en/datasets/bacteroides ), is launched to interrogate the obtained gene expression data and annotations of ~4500 transcription start sites, untranslated regions, operon structures, and 269 noncoding RNA elements. (nature.com)

Antigen1

• Thus, the antibodies elicited by the completely synthetic antigen show specificity toward the "loop" structure (residues 64- 80) of native lysozyme. (nih.gov)

Mutations2

• Large variations in the hinge-bending angle are observed not only for lysozymes with mutations in the hinge region, but for molecules with mutations far from this site. (rcsb.org)
• PMID- 5097529 TI - A map of molecular distances between mutations of bacteriophage T4D. (nih.gov)

Enzymes1

• The activities of the charge-change mutant lysozymes, as measured by the rate of hydrolysis of cell wall suspensions, are essentially equal to that of the wild-type lysozyme, but on a lysoplate assay the mutant enzymes appear to have higher activity. (protabank.org)

Bacterial1

• therefore, therapeutic bacteriophages, commonly called phages, are a promising potential alternative to antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections of a wide range of organisms, including cultured fish. (sciendo.com)

Assay1

• to display the aggregation-prone ligand binding domain (lbd) of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma) on the surface of bacteriophages to establish an easy screening assay for the identification of ppargamma ligands. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Interactions1

• These immunological interactions can be inhibited by either lysozyme or the loop peptide, but not by the performic acid-oxidized open-chain peptide. (nih.gov)

Coli1

• 37. An unstructured mRNA region and a 5' hairpin represent important elements of the E. coli translation initiation signal determined by using the bacteriophage T7 gene 1 translation start site. (nih.gov)

Molecules2

• In different crystalline environments, the lysozyme molecules associate with 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, and 5-fold symmetry, as well as with various types of screw associations. (rcsb.org)
• In different crystal environments the lysozyme molecules display a range of over 50 degrees in the hinge-bending angle between the amino and carboxy-terminal domains. (rcsb.org)

Activity1

• comparison of bactericidal activity of six lysozymes at atmospheric pressure and under high hydrostatic pressure. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Domain1

• lysozyme_like domain. (unl.edu)

Role1

• heterobivalent tyrosine recombinases play a prominent role in numerous bacteriophage and transposon recombination systems. (liverpool.ac.uk)