Synthetic ligands 3. Medical search. Frequent questions

These systems typically utilize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) engineered to respond exclusively to synthetic ligands, like clozapine N-oxide (CNO), and not to endogenous ligands. (wikipedia.org)
These engineered GPCRs are unresponsive to endogenous ligands but can be activated by nanomolar concentrations of pharmacologically inert, drug-like small molecules. (wikipedia.org)
2) Two specific G-coupled protein receptors known as cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid type 2 (CB2), and their endogenous ligands (anadamide, 2 acylglycerol), have been identified. (aad.org)
In this project we will explore the role of TLR3 activation in cancer development by focusing on the role of its endogenous ligands. (irb.hr)
We will study this on several models: a) TLR3 reporter cell line HEK-Blue to validate the in vivo and in vitro existence of TLR3 endogenous ligands derived from necrotic cells and tissue, b) head and neck cancer cell lines stably transfected with shRNA for TLR3 and c) cancer tissue specimens isolated from head and neck cancer patients. (irb.hr)
Second approach will include studying the role of TLR3 and its endogenous ligands in cancer stem cells (CSC) development and self-renewal. (irb.hr)
Our approach will include combining proton or gamma-ray irradiation with the treatment with poly (I:C) and pharmacological inhibitors of endogenous ligands. (irb.hr)

The metallated carbon of the 4 electron donor anionic bridging ligands has some carbene character, reminiscent of the situation in N-metallated protic NHC complexes. (rsc.org)
Displacement of cod ligands from 3 H-H and 3 H-T afforded the tetracarbonyl complexes [Ir(CO) 2 {μ-C 3 H 2 N 2 (Mes)-κC2,κN3}] 2 4 H-H and 4 H-T , respectively. (rsc.org)
The reaction of (1) with Co(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O in methanol afforded the corresponding metal complexes. (scirp.org)
The reaction of the Schiff base ligand with Co(II) and Cu (II) salts in methanol affords the [CoL] and [ClCuHL] complexes. (scirp.org)
These two ruthenium(III) complexes have an octahedral geometry and contain four in-plane chlorido ligands as well as one dimethylsulfoxido and one imidazolo (NAMI-A) or two indazolo ligands (KP1019) in trans positions. (hindawi.com)
In this work, a new divergent synthetic route was developed, in which known synthetic steps were strategically assembled to provide straightforward access to a small family of [Cp*Rh] complexes bearing a single substituent at the 4-position of the bpy ligand. (ku.edu)
The method thus developed enabled preparation of three new C1-symmetric complexes with different substitutions at the 4 position of one of the pyridine rings of the bpy ligand: -NO2 (3), -Cl (4), or -NH2 (6). (ku.edu)
Electrochemical studies also confirm a Hammett parameter dependence of the reduction potentials of the new compounds, confirming an important role for singly substituted bipyridyl-type ligands in influencing the electrochemical behavior of [Cp*Rh(bpy)]-type complexes. (ku.edu)
As the chemical and electrochemical properties of these complexes are readily modulated by substituent effects, the strategy of ligand modification can thus be realistically anticipated to afford fine-grained control of electrocatalysis in future studies. (ku.edu)
Schiff base compounds and their metal complexes have become important synthetic organic drugs due to their extensive biological activities, which include anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral effects. (researchsquare.com)
The elusive ligand complexes of the DWARF14 strigolactone receptor. (proteopedia.org)
Carlsson GH, Hasse D, Cardinale F, Prandi C, Andersson I. The elusive ligand complexes of the DWARF14 strigolactone receptor. (proteopedia.org)

Here we present SR1001, a high-affinity synthetic ligand-the first in a new class of compound-that is specific to both RORα and RORγt and which inhibits T H 17 cell differentiation and function. (nature.com)

A receptor activated solely by a synthetic ligand (RASSL) or designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD), is a class of artificially engineered protein receptors used in the field of chemogenetics which are selectively activated by certain ligands. (wikipedia.org)
Originally differentiated by the approach used to engineer them, RASSLs and DREADDs are often used interchangeably now to represent an engineered receptor-ligand system. (wikipedia.org)
Design, synthesis and evaluation of modified coumarins as CB receptor ligands, Reihe: Beiträge zur organischen Synthese, Bd. (logos-verlag.de)
To further understand the principles underlying thyroid receptor-coregulator selectivity, we designed a high-throughput in vitro binding assay to measure the equilibrium affinity of thyroid receptor to a library of potential coregulators in the presence of different ligands including the endogenous thyroid hormone T3, synthetic thyroid receptor beta-selective agonist GC-1, and antagonist NH-3. (nih.gov)
In addition, it was discovered that the thyroid receptor-coregulator binding patterns vary with ligand and that this differential binding can be used to predict biological responses. (nih.gov)
The incubation of DSS fibroblasts with a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (WIN55, 212- 2) decreased their expression in a dose-dependent manner, together with a parallel reduction in collagen production and pro- fibrotic cytokines, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), connective tissue growth factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6). (aad.org)
Unlike steroids, who are synthetic testosterone, sarms are androgen receptor ligands, which means that they only affect the androgen receptors A sarm can be taken orally or by intramuscular (im) injection. (paradiseessentials2020.com)
Likewise, we compared the behavioural profile of MDMA with that induced by FG 7142 (15 mg kg-1, i.p.), an anxiogenic benzodiazepine receptor ligand. (erowid.org)
Upon ligand recognition, Mincle interacts with the Fc receptor common γ-chain (FcRγ), which triggers intracellular signaling through Syk leading to CARD9-dependent NF-κB activation. (invivogen.com)
Substantial efforts have been invested into describing the interaction of synthetic strigolactone analogues with the receptor, resulting in a number of crystal structures. (proteopedia.org)
This investigation combines a re-evaluation of models in the Protein Data Bank with a search for new conditions that may permit the capture of a receptor-ligand complex. (proteopedia.org)
Because BPA is a suspected xenoestrogen, the objective was to identify sex-based changes in adult zebrafish social behavior developmentally exposed to BPA (0.0, 0.1, or 1 μM) or one of two control compounds (0.1 μM 17β-estradiol [E2], and 0.1 μM GSK4716, a synthetic estrogen-related receptor γ ligand). (oregonstate.edu)
More than 90% of the circulating glucocorticoid binds to corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG).The unbound free hormone in the circulation binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GR consists of a carboxy terminal ligand binding domain, a DNA binding domain and an N terminal domain. (medscape.com)
TCDD for every step of the mechanism described for 2,3,7,8-TCDD carcinogenesis in humans including receptor binding, gene expression, protein activity changes, cellular replication, oxidative stress, promotion in initiation-promotion studies and complete carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. (who.int)

Also, the lack of electron donating moiety in the oxidized organic dye has also been proposed to have an influence on fast recombination reaction, compared with N719 with electron donating NCS ligand [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)

This study shows that PCY1 can tolerate peptides containing amino acids with classic inorganic and organometallic ligands as side chains, opening the door to the streamlined and efficient development of cyclic peptides as metal ligands. (ed.ac.uk)

The molecular structures of 3 H-H , 3 H-T , 8 and 9 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. (rsc.org)
Students in the Kudisch group develop expertise in building and implementing a battery of advanced spectroscopic techniques and will understand molecular photophysics with the depth and breadth necessary to shepherd physical understanding into the realm of modern synthetic photochemistry. (fsu.edu)
The BISTA-MAT project, gathering four complementary groups which are recognized in their respective fields (Brest: Partner 1, Nancy: Partner 2, Bordeaux: Partner 3 and Versailles: Partner 4), deals with molecular bistability which is, undoubtedly, one of the most searched properties in molecular materials nowadays since it is considered as the relevant base for the next generation of information storage devices. (anr.fr)
3) synergetic combination in the same molecular material of the SCO behavior and a second property such as magnetic ordering. (anr.fr)
These are currently used in the literature of molecular and synthetic biology to refer various molecular concepts and applications. (scialert.net)

Gharamaleki, J. , Akbari, F. , Karbalaei, A. , Ghiassi, K. and Olmstead, M. (2016) Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of a New Schiff Base Ligand from a Bis(Thiazoline) Template and Hydrolytic Cleavage of the Imine Bond Induced by a Co(II) Cation. (scirp.org)
2021 Macrocylases as synthetic tools for ligand synthesis: enzymatic synthesis of cyclic peptides containing metal-binding amino acids. (ed.ac.uk)
Here, we show that the solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing metal-binding amino acids, bipyridylalanine (1), phenyl pyridylalanine (2) and N,N-dimethylhistidine (3), can be combined with peptide macrocylization using peptide cyclase 1 (PCY1) to yield cyclic peptides under mild conditions. (ed.ac.uk)

Binding of the 2-carbon-modified analogues does not change the positions of the amino acids in the ligand binding site and has no effect on the interactions in the coactivator binding pocket. (rcsb.org)
In response to ligand binding, different A 2A AR amino acids either alter their sole stable conformations or vary relative probabilities of coexisting stable conformations 16 , 17 . (nature.com)

Characterization of the ligand was performed by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. (scirp.org)

The reaction of bis-[2-amino-4-pheny1-5-thiazolyl] disulfide with 5-nitro-salicylaldehyde in absolute ethanol resulted in the formation of a new Schiff base ligand H 2 L (1). (scirp.org)
However, hydrolytic cleavage of Schiff base ligands readily occurs due to the reversible nature of the synthetic procedure. (scirp.org)
In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)

From cyclic voltammetry, exhaustive coulometry and spectroelectrochemistry studies, it was concluded that 3 H-T undergoes a metal-based one electron oxidation to generate the mixed-valent Ir( I )/Ir( II ) system. (rsc.org)

SR1001 binds specifically to the ligand-binding domains of RORα and RORγt, inducing a conformational change within the ligand-binding domain that encompasses the repositioning of helix 12 and leads to diminished affinity for co-activators and increased affinity for co-repressors, resulting in suppression of the receptors' transcriptional activity. (nature.com)
There are two families of retinoid receptors, i.e. retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), for which the various synthetic and naturally occurring retinoids have differing selectivities. (aspetjournals.org)

Despite this, cyclic peptides remain underexplored as chiral ligands for catalysis due to synthetic complications upon macrocyclization. (ed.ac.uk)

In the presented thesis, the design, syntheses and pharmacologic evaluation of substituted coumarins as potential new drug candidates as selective synthetic cannabinoids were investigated. (logos-verlag.de)
This led to the discovery of a 3-O-(N-methylbenzimidazolylmethyl)-galactoside with a Kd of 1.8 µM for galectin-8N, the most potent selective synthetic galectin-8N ligand to date. (bvsalud.org)

Investigation of the interaction between peanut agglutinin and synthetic glycopolymeric multivalent ligands. (ox.ac.uk)
The interaction between synthetic glycoplymers bearing beta-D-galactose side groups and the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) was investigated by UV-difference spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, Omics.org indicated that the main focus of omics is on 1) mapping information objects such as genes, proteins and ligands, 2) finding interaction relationships among the objects, 3) engineering the networks and objects to understand and manipulate the regulatory mechanisms and 4) integrating various omes and omics subfields. (scialert.net)

Elucidating the rules that govern ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) based photoreactivity in myriad synthetic and sustainability contexts, and 3. (fsu.edu)
Hammett analysis reveals a dependence of intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) energy and metal-to-ligand or ligand-to-metal charge transfer (MLCT or LMCT) energy on the bpy ligand substituents, as reported by use of the σp+ parameter. (ku.edu)

Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are unique class of molecules for Nonlinear Optical applications because of their unique structure of altering the central metal atom, large extended π-system, high thermal stability, tunable shape, symmetry and synthetic versatility Here, we report χ(3) Measurements of a simple phenyl porphyrins and its highvalent tin(IV) porphyrins with Bromination characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopic method. (amrita.edu)

Building on the findings from Chapter 1, cyclic voltammograms collected with complex 3, bearing the 4-nitro-2,2´-bipyridyl ligand, reveal slow chloride ligand loss upon one-electron reduction, implicating significant stabilization of the singly-reduced form by the single electron-withdrawing nitro group. (ku.edu)

This is typically achieved through post-synthetic functionalization by anchoring molecules on the surface of an exfoliated 2D crystal, but it inevitably alters the long-range structural order of the material. (tudelft.nl)
The study of the data reveals an S = 3 ground state, which has been well rationalized in terms of known magnetostructural correlations and the structural features of 1. (nuigalway.ie)

Their crystal structures are similar and show a protonated amino group on the side chain of the ligand which is not very common for a simple heterocyclic derivative such as histamine. (hindawi.com)

In a combinatorial synthetic approach, several new libraries of new ligands were synthesised and subsequently pharmacological tested. (logos-verlag.de)

Mincle also binds trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB) which is a synthetic analog of TDM. (invivogen.com)

GPCRs recognize a large variety of endogenous extracellular signaling molecules transmitting their corresponding signals inside the cell, and this process can be modulated by synthetic ligands or drug molecules. (nature.com)
VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. (researchsquare.com)

For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided. (guidetopharmacology.org)

As a class, these ligands exerted profound effects on hepatic microsomal metabolic enzyme levels. (aspetjournals.org)
Hepatic CYP2B1/2 was unaffected and CYP3A was decreased by RAR-selective ALRT1550, whereas both were induced by ligands selective for RXR. (aspetjournals.org)
Although the mechanisms underlying these effects are not known, these results suggest that RAR- and RXR-binding ligands exert distinct effects on hepatic metabolism, and they indicate the potential for drug-drug interactions, especially involving CYP3A. (aspetjournals.org)
Common signs and symptoms may stem from decreased hepatic synthetic function (eg, coagulopathy), portal hypertension (eg, variceal bleeding), or decreased detoxification capabilities of the liver (eg, hepatic encephalopathy). (medscape.com)

Western blot analysis revealed that VALD-3 upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad and Bax), downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, survivin and XIAP) and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, Cyto-c and cleaved PARP. (researchsquare.com)
[ 3 ] Protein hZIP4 transports zinc ions from the cell exterior or lumen of intracellular organelles into the cytoplasm, where it is available to other newly synthesized proteins. (medscape.com)

X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms the paramagnetic nature of 2, and reveals a narrow signal at g = 2.006, consistent with the majority of the unpaired electron density being localized on the 4,4´-NO2bpy ligand. (ku.edu)

citation needed] Diihydrochloride salts of DREADDs ligands that are water-soluble (but with differing stabilities in solution) have also been commercially developed (see for aqueous stability). (wikipedia.org)

For the agonist-bound A 2A AR, we detected faster (390 ± 80 µs) ligand efficacy-dependent dynamics. (nature.com)

Here we present a pre-synthetic approach that allows the isolation of crystalline, robust and magnetic functionalized monolayers of coordination polymers. (tudelft.nl)
A series of five isostructural layered magnetic coordination polymers based on Fe(ii) centres and different benzimidazole derivatives (bearing a Cl, H, CH 3 , Br or NH 2 side group) were first prepared. (tudelft.nl)
The (py)(2)C(OH)(O)(-) ligands adopt the eta(1):eta(1):eta(3):mu(3) coordination mode. (nuigalway.ie)
Complex 1 is the largest nickel(II)/(py)(2)CO-based ligand coordination cluster discovered to date and has an extremely rare nuclearity (Ni-11) in the cluster chemistry of nickel(II). (nuigalway.ie)
Each of the Mn II ions is fivefold coordinated by two symmetry-related S atoms of [Sb 2 S 5 ] 4− anions and three N atoms of a terpyridine ligand within an irregular coordination. (iucr.org)
It is noted that di-ethyl-enetri-amine acts as a bis-chelating ligand, because the central N atom is not involved in the Mn coordination. (iucr.org)

Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)

The N atoms of the amine ligands in these compounds are coordinated to the Mn II ions and are always in the cis -position, thus arranged to form extended networks via Mn-S bond formation. (iucr.org)

The peptide folds as a helix and is anchored through hydrogen bonds to a surface groove formed by helices 3, 4, and 12. (rcsb.org)

Identification of NVP-CLR457 as an Orally Bioavailable Non-CNS-Penetrant pan-Class IA Phosphoinositol-3-Kinase Inhibitor. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)

This chemogenetic technique can be used for remote manipulation of cells, in particular excitable cells like neurons, both in vitro and in vivo with the administration of specific ligands. (wikipedia.org)

In a world that is beginning to realize the potential for using light as a source of renewable energy to power the globe, synthetic chemists that synthesize life-saving pharmaceuticals and other fine chemicals are now employing photons to drive challenging chemical transformations. (fsu.edu)

Book Description: Florian Mohr : Synthetic cannabinoids in drug discovery. (logos-verlag.de)
Synthetic cannabinoids in drug discovery. (logos-verlag.de)
Typed of cannabinoids include: endocannabinoids, when produced by our own body, phytocannabinoids, present naturally in the plant Cannabis sativa, or synthetic cannabinoids. (aad.org)

nevertheless, the 25-hydroxyl group at the end of the chain occupies the same position as that of the natural ligand, and the hydrogen bonds with histidines 301 and 393 are maintained. (rcsb.org)

The CD ring of the superpotent analogue, 2MD, is tilted within the binding site relative to the other ligands in this study and to (20S)-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [Tocchini-Valentini et al. (rcsb.org)

Human Fas ligand (hFasL) is of considerable interest since it is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that induces programmed cell death, or apoptosis. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Cardinal signs of resolution are: (1) limitation/cessation of PMN infiltration, (2) sequestration and counter-regulation of pro-inflammatory chemical mediators, (3) apoptosis of PMN and removal (e.g., by efferocytosis), (4) clearance of pathogens, inflammatory stimuli, and cell debris, and (5) tissue repair. (frontiersin.org)
Hoechst 33258 staining was performed to determine if VALD-3 induced apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and Annexin V/PI staining was performed to quantify the percentages of apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)

The antitumor activity and survival analysis of VALD-3 in vivo was determined by the nude mice xenograft assay. (researchsquare.com)

Circadian rhythm patterns were evaluated at 1-3 (= AM) and 5-8 (= PM) h postprandial. (oregonstate.edu)

Thus, at this stage, we do not believe that any detailed deductions about the nature, conformation, or binding mode of the ligand can be made with any confidence. (proteopedia.org)

A growing number of ligands that can be used to activate RASSLs / DREADDs are commercially available. (wikipedia.org)
During the past decades, DSSCs have attracted significant attention as an alternative to silicon solar cell because they use environmentally benign materials through low cost process and exhibit commercially realistic energy-conversion efficiency [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

2002). At pH 2 to 3, at which the protein has a net charge low et al. (lu.se)

Other synthetic glucocorticoids, in comparison to cortisol, have much less affinity to CBG. (medscape.com)

All of these compounds consist of SbS 3 pyramids as primary building units as well as MnS 6 and MnS 4 N 2 distorted octa-hedra. (iucr.org)

Chapter 2 describes investigations of a second less-studied aspect of the [Cp*Rh(bpy)] framework: namely, the role of less symmetric substitution of the bipyridyl ligand in modulating reduction potentials and catalytic competence. (ku.edu)

By xenografting human breast cancer cells into nude mice, we found that VALD-3 significantly suppressed tumor cell growth while showing low toxicity against major organs. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, survival analysis results showed that VALD-3 can significantly prolong the survival time of mice ( P =0.036). (researchsquare.com)

The nature of such interactions would depend on the RAR/RXR selectivity of the ligand and the P450 isozymes responsible for the metabolism of coadministered drugs. (aspetjournals.org)

Anatomy20

Organisms13

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs107

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science7

Health Care1

Endogenous ligands7

Complexes12

Compound1

Receptor14

Organic1

Inorganic1

Molecular5

Synthesis3

Amino acids2

Diffraction1

Schiff3

Mixed-valent1

Receptors2

Catalysis1

Selective synthetic2

Interaction3

LMCT2

Spectroscopic1

Cyclic1

Structural2

Heterocyclic1

Pharmacological1

Binds1

Molecules2

Peptides1

Hepatic4

Proteins2

Electron1

Salts1

Agonist1

Coordination6

Pathway1

Ions1

Peptide1

Class1

Vitro1

Pharmaceuticals1

Cannabinoids3

Hydrogen1

Analogue1

Apoptosis5

Vivo1

Patterns1

Conformation1

Commercially2

Protein1

Affinity1

Compounds1

Catalytic1

Mice2

Interactions1