• Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis or cathepsin B prevent muscle wasting due to sepsis in the rat. (jci.org)
  • HSP70 inhibitors upregulate prostaglandin E1-induced synthesis of interleukin-6 in osteoblasts. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Our results suggest that HSP70 inhibitors upregulate the PGE1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis through p38 MAPK in osteoblasts and therefore affect bone remodeling. (iasp-pain.org)
  • These results with two prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors suggest that prostaglandins modulate the hepatic effects of glucagon and epinephrine. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The isoforms mediating and mechanism of NO action on barrier function were assessed by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER) and eicosanoid synthesis by ileal mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers in the presence of selective and nonselective NOS inhibitors and after rescue with exogenous prostaglandins. (ncsu.edu)
  • The discovery of potent inhibitors of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in recent years has been proven to be an important game changer in pharmaceutical industry. (iium.edu.my)
  • C. parvum infection results in induction of mucosal inducible NOS (iNOS), increased synthesis of NO and PGE2, and increased mucosal permeability. (ncsu.edu)
  • Selective inhibition of iNOS [L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine] accounted for approximately 50% of NOS-dependent PGE2 synthesis and TER. (ncsu.edu)
  • Using an entire intestinal mucosa, we have demonstrated for the first time that NO serves as a proximal mediator of PGE2 synthesis and barrier function in C. parvum infection. (ncsu.edu)
  • In this Letter, we report the synthesis of a series of minor prenylated chalcones and flavonoids which was found to be significantly active in suppressing the PGE2 production secreted by lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). (iium.edu.my)
  • The product of this enzyme, the proinflammatory eicosanoid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), stimulates adipose tissue aromatase expression and subsequent estrogen production, which could promote breast cancer progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) then stimulates the release of neurotransmitters (cAMP), increasing body temperature. (nih.gov)
  • The ENMs induced high levels of proinflammatory lipid mediators leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with peaks at day 1, and high levels of specialized pro-resolving mediators resolvin D1 (RvD1) and E1 (RvE1) with peaks at day 7. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitric oxide synthase stimulates prostaglandin synthesis and barrier function in C-parvum-infected porcine ileum. (ncsu.edu)
  • May inhibit cyclo-oxygenase enzyme, which in turn inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
  • 5-9 Data also indicate that Carprofen inhibits the production of osteoclast-activating factor (OAF), PGE 1 , and PGE 2 by its inhibitory effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis. (drugs.com)
  • In the present study, ovoviviparous guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ) were used to study the effect of AVT on delivery mediated by the activation of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis via isotocin (IT) receptors (ITRs). (frontiersin.org)
  • Synthesis of NO is significantly increased and arises from the induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by the infected epithelium. (ncsu.edu)
  • Cell culture models implicate increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis as a cause of mucosal hyperpermeability in intestinal epithelial infection. (ncsu.edu)
  • In the present study, we determined the effect of physiologically relevant concentrations of GLN and CS on gene expression and synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in cytokine-stimulated articular cartilage explants. (ttu.edu)
  • Bradykinin is a potent vasodilator through the synthesis of nitric oxide and vasodilatory prostaglandins. (bmj.com)
  • Nonselective inhibition of NOS (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) inhibited prostaglandin synthesis, resulting in further increases in paracellular permeability. (ncsu.edu)
  • Carprofen has also been shown to inhibit the release of several prostaglandins in two inflammatory cell systems: rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and human rheumatoid synovial cells, indicating inhibition of acute (PMN system) and chronic (synovial cell system) inflammatory reactions. (drugs.com)
  • Prostaglandins are produced following the sequential oxygenation of arachidonic acid, DGLA or EPA by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and terminal prostaglandin synthases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peptide YY inhibits intestinal Cl- secretion in experimental porcine cryptosporidiosis through a prostaglandin-activated neural pathway. (ncsu.edu)
  • Endogenous prostaglandin e2 synthesis inhibits growth of polyoma virus" by J A. Linkgren, H Claesson et al. (jax.org)
  • Endogenous prostaglandin e2 synthesis inhibits growth of polyoma virus-transformed 3t3 fibroblasts. (jax.org)
  • Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing activity of enzyme cyclo-oxygenase, which in turn decreases formation of prostaglandin precursors. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis by decreasing activity of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Inhibits inflammatory reactions and pain by decreasing activity of cyclo-oxygenase, which results in a decrease of prostaglandin synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Ibuprofen inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase I and II, resulting in a decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. (news-medical.net)
  • An analgesic and pyrazolone derivative which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. (e-lactancia.org)
  • This leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis, by prostaglandin synthase, the main physiologic effect of ibuprofen. (news-medical.net)
  • Ibuprofen also causes a decrease in the formation of thromboxane A2 synthesis, by thromboxane synthase, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation. (news-medical.net)
  • The results of the present study revealed that ketamine treatment induced NF‑κB p65 translocation to nuclei and activated COX‑2 expression and prostaglandin (PGE)2 production in bladder tissue, whereas COX‑2 inhibitor suppressed the inflammatory effect. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The decreased activity of cyclo-oxygenase results in decreased formation of prostaglandin precursors, which in turn results in reduced inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) is one of the most potent endogenous sleep-promoting substances 35 . (nature.com)
  • Pro-inflammatory stimuli, such as endotoxins released by Gram-negative bacteria , are potent stimulators of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since their discovery in the mid 1930s as potent bioactive compounds in human semen ( 1 ), prostaglandins and their relatives have fascinated several generations of scientists. (jci.org)
  • 3. Both doses of aspirin significantly inhibited gastric mucosal synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and reduced the serum thromboxane concentration. (nih.gov)
  • Muscle wasting and impaired contractility associated with sepsis may involve selective prostaglandin stimulation of cathepsin B activity. (jci.org)
  • Systematic studies of prostaglandins began in 1930, when Kurzrock and Lieb found that human seminal fluid caused either stimulation or relaxation of strips of isolated human uterus. (wikipedia.org)
  • COX-2 produces prostaglandins through stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of neutrophils in C. parvum-infected mucosa was associated with enhanced barrier function that could not be attributed to mucosal elaboration of prostaglandins or stimulation of their synthesis. (ncsu.edu)
  • Conclusion: Our results indicate that physiologically relevant concentrations of GLN and CS can regulate gene expression and synthesis of NO and PGE 2 , providing a plausible explanation for their purported anti-inflammatory properties. (ttu.edu)
  • Fe 2 O 3 particles were examined for the induction of the release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) as pro-inflammatory and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) as anti-inflammatory markers in cultured alveolar macrophages (AM) from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fe 2 O 3 particle-induced neutrophilic inflammatory response in vivo and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in vitro might be modulated by intracellular soluble iron via PGE 2 synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among the lipid mediators, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) predominantly exhibits immune-modulating functions that limit inflammatory responses and control tissue repair [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study demonstrates that the neutrophilic inflammation induced by ENMs is actively resolved through the differential synthesis of proinflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators via distinct ALOX pathways in M1 or M2 macrophages in a time-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)
  • Prostaglandin class drugs are a class of hormone-like chemicals that influence processes including blood circulation and inflammation. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The COX isozymes are critical for the synthesis of prostaglandins, which have important functions in the gut and cardiovascular system, as well as during inflammation and the adaptive response of the musculoskeletal system to stress. (scienceblog.com)
  • IL-6 synthesis was evaluated using an IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Lactones in the Synthesis of Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Analogs. (illumina.com)
  • We previously showed that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) induces the synthesis of IL-6 by activating p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), and p38 MAPK in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. (iasp-pain.org)
  • In the present study, we investigated whether heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), a molecular chaperone that coordinates protein folding and homeostasis, affects PGE1-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells through the MAPK activation. (iasp-pain.org)
  • For example, prostaglandin E1 is abbreviated PGE1, and prostaglandin I2 is abbreviated PGI2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is another proinflammatory cytokine that can directly cause fever via induction of IL-1 and synthesis of TNF. (nih.gov)
  • Prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds called eicosanoids having diverse hormone-like effects in animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intracellular electrolyte changes may involve prostaglandin synthesis but do not require cathepsin B activation. (jci.org)
  • We examined whether NO promotes barrier function via prostaglandin synthesis using Cryptosporidium parvum-infected ileal epithelium in residence with an intact submucosa. (ncsu.edu)
  • One is in the synthesis of angiotensin II, which has vasoconstrictive properties, promotes retention of sodium and water, and promotes cell growth. (bmj.com)
  • The first total syntheses of prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin E2 were reported by E. J. Corey in 1969, an achievement for which he was awarded the Japan Prize in 1989. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bergström stated in his 1982 Nobel lecture that, following the structural assignments of the six PGs, "These 20-carbon prostaglandins have cis -double bonds located as in certain essential fatty acids, when counting from the carboxyl. (jci.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene transcription pattern of PG synthesis enzymes in normal (anestrous, n = 6 and diestrous, n = 8) and pyometra (n = 7) endometria of bitches. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 1971, it was determined that aspirin-like drugs could inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. (wikipedia.org)
  • A given prostaglandin may have different and even opposite effects in different tissues in some cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prostaglandin E2 synthesis appears to play a critical role. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Except for the COX-2 NSAIDs, most have similar adverse effect profiles, and most have the same effect on prostaglandins. (medscape.com)
  • Prostaglandins have been found in almost every tissue in humans and other animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability of the same prostaglandin to stimulate a reaction in one tissue and inhibit the same reaction in another tissue is determined by the type of receptor to which the prostaglandin binds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The release of prostaglandin has now also been shown to be mediated by a specific transporter, namely the multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4, ABCC4), a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
  • Au total, 146 mères dont l'enfant était décédé dans les 28 jours suivant la naissance ont été comparées à 549 mères dont le nouveau-né était vivant, en tenant compte de la voie d'accouchement et des motifs ayant mené à pratiquer une césarienne. (who.int)
  • Prostaglandins differ from endocrine hormones in that they are not produced at a specific site but in many places throughout the human body. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discovery of the prostaglandin transporter (PGT, SLCO2A1), which mediates the cellular uptake of prostaglandin, demonstrated that diffusion alone cannot explain the penetration of prostaglandin through the cellular membrane. (wikipedia.org)