• Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates in the ultimopharyngeal body. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CALC1 gene belongs to a superfamily of related protein hormone precursors including islet amyloid precursor protein, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and the precursor of adrenomedullin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aims: To define the effect of the neuropeptides substance P calcitonin gene related peptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neuropeptide Y and secretoneurin on the PluriSln 1 proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. (conferencedequebec.org)
  • C-terminally truncated fragments of human α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (h-α-CGRP) were tested for their ability to stimulate amylase secretion from pancreatic acinar cells and relax precontracted mesenteric arteries. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • h-α-CGRP, h-α-CGRP (1-36), h-α-CGRP (1-35), and h-α-CGRP (1-34) were made by Merrifield's solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The neuropeptide CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) is a potent vasodilator, with a cardioprotective role, although the precise mechanisms are unclear. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • This peptide is certainly referred to as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). (ibs-italy.info)
  • Migraine, chronic migraine disorder, "calcitonin gene-related peptide,?monoclonal antibodies were utilized as MeSH terms for data search. (ibs-italy.info)
  • Secretion of calcitonin is stimulated by: an increase in serum [Ca2+] gastrin and pentagastrin. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is done through the secretion of hormones thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. (homoeocare.co.in)
  • 1988. Effect of estrogen on the synthesis and secretion of thyroxine-binding globulin by a human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2. (ac.ir)
  • TSH secretion is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism in the pituitary: Increased levels of free T4 and T3 inhibit TSH synthesis and secretion, whereas decreased levels increase TSH secretion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In many ways, calcitonin counteracts parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D. More specifically, calcitonin lowers blood Ca2+ levels in two ways: Major effect: Inhibits osteoclast activity in bones, which break down the bone Minor effect: Inhibits renal tubular cell reabsorption of Ca2+ and phosphate, allowing them to be excreted in the urine High concentrations of calcitonin may be able to increase urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate via the renal tubules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasma calcium is maintained within the reference range by a complex interplay of 3 major hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (ie, calcitriol), and calcitonin. (medscape.com)
  • Procalcitonin (PCT), a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive inflammatory marker in human medicine, which is primarily used for diagnosis of bacterial sepsis, but is also useful in diagnosis of exacerbation of asthma and COPD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Procalcitonin (PCT) is a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, which regulates the calcium homeostasis by inhibition of osteoclastic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The total control of thyroid hormone synthesis lies in hands of the hypothalamus and pituitary. (homoeocare.co.in)
  • Any disturbance in the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis leads to disturbance in thyroid hormone synthesis, which in turn causes disturbance in the metabolic functions of the body. (homoeocare.co.in)
  • Magnesium also stimulates the hormone calcitonin, which helps support healthy bone structure by drawing calcium out of the blood and tissues and back into the bones. (nutrascriptives.com)
  • The thyroid includes another group of cells that secrete calcitonin, a hormone that lowers body calcium levels whenever they become high. (propharmgroup.com)
  • The action of hormones are transduced by regulating the synthesis of proteins (5% of proteins in the body are regulated by thyroid hormone). (cdc.gov)
  • The thyroid hormone regulates energy and fat metabolism and protein synthesis by regulating different enzymes that are involved in those processes. (cdc.gov)
  • Calcitonin lowers blood calcium and phosphorus mainly through its inhibition of osteoclasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bempedoic acid is a first-in-class adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor that lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver. (medscape.com)
  • It is also a short-lived effect because the kidneys become resistant to calcitonin, as demonstrated by the kidney's unaffected excretion of calcium in patients with thyroid tumors that secrete excessive calcitonin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, calcitonin inhibits food intake in rats and monkeys, and may have CNS action involving the regulation of feeding and appetite. (wikipedia.org)
  • The precise mechanisms regulating TRH synthesis and release are unclear, although negative feedback from thyroid hormones inhibits TRH synthesis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Here we show the ability of endogenous and exogenous CGRP to restore blood pressure, when nitric oxide synthesis is blocked, in a model of cardiovascular disease associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired nitric oxide production. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • with no effect of an antagonist (AC187) of a second CGRP-responsive receptor (the amylin-1 receptor, CTR [calcitonin receptor]/RAMP1). (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, exogenously added calcitonin stimulates proliferation of androgen-responsive LnCaP cells. (unm.edu)
  • 8. Melchiorre C., Bolognesi M.L., Chiarini A., Minarini A., Spampinato S., Synthesis and biological activity of some methoctramine-related tetraamines bearing A 11-Acetyl-5,11-Dihydro-6h-Pyrido[2,3-B][1,4]-Benzodiazepin-6-One moiety as antimuscarinics: a second generation of highly selective M2 muscarinic receptor antagonists. (unibo.it)
  • Studies have shown that the enzyme 1a- hydroxylase, which catalyzes the last and rate limiting step in the synthesis of active 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which mediates the actions of vitamin D, are expressed widely in the body, including the lungs and cells of the immune system. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • The aim of this study was to examine the effects of continuous treatment with CT on the generation of osteoclasts and calcitonin receptor (CTR) expression in mouse bone marrow cultures. (edu.au)
  • Calcitonin receptor and TRAP mRNA levels were determined using semi-quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction. (edu.au)
  • Synthesis and evaluation of dimeric derivatives of 5-HT(2A) receptor (5-HT(2A)R) antagonist M-100907. (nih.gov)
  • This is mediated by the PTH-induced calcitriol synthesis that enhances calcium absorption. (medscape.com)
  • Salmon calcitonin is used for the treatment of: Postmenopausal osteoporosis Hypercalcaemia Bone metastases Paget's disease Phantom limb pain It has been investigated as a possible non-operative treatment for spinal stenosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following information is from the UK Electronic Medicines Compendium Salmon calcitonin is rapidly absorbed and eliminated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcitonin supplements derived from salmon are therefore used in the treatment of osteoporosis and related conditions such as Paget's disease. (propharmgroup.com)
  • Additionally, T2CM levels were decreased in osteoarthritis patients treated with oral salmon calcitonin compared to the placebo group. (lu.se)
  • Both of these require iodine for their synthesis . (cancer.gov)
  • Based on these data, we suggest that the 'escape' phenomenon may result from a prolonged CT-induced loss of CT responsiveness due, at least in part, both to reduced synthesis of CTR, and to the appearance in bone of CTR-deficient osteoclasts. (edu.au)
  • Calcitonin has clinically been used for metabolic bone disorders for more than 50 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Continuous treatment with calcitonin (CT) to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption results in acquired resistance. (edu.au)
  • Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor and pro-inflammatory factor. (mdpi.com)
  • 17. Minarini A., Tumiatti V., Pistacchio E., Spampinato S. , Melchiorre C., Synthesis and biological activity of 1,4 Dihydropyridine derivatives combining calcium and a1-adrenoceptor antagonistic properties. (unibo.it)
  • Calcitonin also has significantly impacted molecular biology, as the gene encoding calcitonin was the first gene discovered in mammalian cells to be alternatively spliced, now known to be a ubiquitous mechanism in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vitamin D is derived mainly from cutaneous synthesis in the presence of ultraviolet sunlight, whereas dietary intake constitutes a minor fraction. (cdc.gov)
  • Together with vitamin D and calcitonin, PTH brings about the mobilization of calcium and phosphate from the skeletal system and increases the uptake of calcium in the intestine and the excretion of phosphate via the kidneys. (cdc.gov)
  • Animal studies have shown that calcitonin is primarily metabolised via proteolysis in the kidney following parenteral administration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous studies have shown that calcitonin-like immunoreactive substances are secreted by primary prostate cells. (unm.edu)
  • To examine the possible effect of calcitonin on growth of invasive prostate cancer cells, we tested its effects on proliferation of PC-3M cells. (unm.edu)
  • The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the turnover (synthesis/breakdown) of cartilage extracellular matrix proteins responds to selected pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby, gaining knowledge about cartilage biology, function and pathology. (lu.se)
  • Calcitonin assay is used in identifying patients with nodular thyroid diseases. (wikipedia.org)