The enzyme anthranilate synthase (EC 4.1.3.27) catalyzes the chemical reaction chorismate + L-glutamine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate Anthranilate synthase creates anthranilate, an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of indole, and by extension, the amino acid tryptophan. (wikipedia.org)
In enzyme science , 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase is a Lyase Enzyme Reaction , which requires Mn 2+ for maximal activity. (wellnessadvocate.com)
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of anthranilate (o-aminobenzoate) and pyruvic acid from chorismate and glutamine. (nih.gov)
These biochemical reactions frequently involve cofactors, often vitamins, which help the specific enzyme function, e.g. vitamin B 6 is the cofactor for the enzyme cystathionine β synthase which converts the amino acid homocysteine into cystathionine. (oncohemakey.com)
To produce energy G-6-PO 4 (derived from monosaccharides from dietary CHO or produced from glycogen degradation by glycogenolysis) is converted by a series of enzyme reactions in the glycolytic pathway to form pyruvate or lactic acid, then to acetyl-CoA, which is also produced from fatty acid oxidation and degradation of the carbon skeleton of glucogenic amino acids ( Table 17.1 ). (oncohemakey.com)
Pyruvate3
Other names in common use include anthranilate synthetase, chorismate lyase, and chorismate pyruvate-lyase (amino-accepting). (wikipedia.org)
G-6-PO 4 can also be produced via pyruvate from protein catabolism of glucogenic amino acids ( Table 17.1 ) or breakdown of glycerol from lipids (gluconeogenesis). (oncohemakey.com)
Proceedings: Analysis of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. (ox.ac.uk)
Protein4
Niemann Pick C1 Like1 protein (NPC1L1), ATP citrate lyase (ACL), C-reactive protein (CRP), lanosterol 14 α -demethylase (LDM), squalene synthase (SqS) and farnesiod X-receptor (FXR) known to be implicated in the physiology of hyperlipidemia. (springeropen.com)
Fatty acid synthase is a multifunctional protein. (thermofisher.com)
Figure 17.1 illustrates the metabolic processes involved in the overall metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein including the catabolic processes to produce energy and urea (the product of the detoxification of the nitrogen moiety of amino acids) and anabolic processes to form tissue protein and energy stores, glycogen and lipids. (oncohemakey.com)
Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid or tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle, within the mitochondria. (oncohemakey.com)
Fatty acids enter the mitochondria via the carnitine transport cycle (medium chain fatty acids enter independently of carnitine) into the β-oxidation spiral in which fatty acids, via a series of enzymes, produce acetyl-CoA and electron carriers. (oncohemakey.com)
Dehydrogenase3
Acetoacetic acid can also be catalyzed by mitochondrial D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase to form (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid with NADH. (pathbank.org)
In pathway V, the racemase alr forms D-lysine, which is oxidized to 6-amino-2-oxo-hexanoate, spontaneously decarboxylates to 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate, a reductase forms L-pipecolate, an oxidase forms 1-piperideine-6-carboxylate, and a dehydrogenase forms L-2-aminoadipate. (lbl.gov)
A transaminase forms 2-oxoadipate, a oxygenase/decarboxylase (D-2-hydroxyglutarate synthase) forms (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, and a dehydrogenase forms 2-oxoglutarate, which is an intermediate in the TCA cycle. (lbl.gov)
Mitochondrial2
Mascaro C, Buesa C, Ortiz JA, Haro D, Hegardt FG: Molecular cloning and tissue expression of human mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase. (pathbank.org)
Boukaftane Y, Mitchell GA: Cloning and characterization of the human mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase gene. (pathbank.org)
This indicated its probable site of action to be at the surface of the GIT (something similar to the bile acid sequestering agents). (springeropen.com)
Degradation1
We found that known diagnostic biomarkers were not significantly further increased, while intermediates of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation pathway were significantly increased during AMD. (biomedcentral.com)
Organic3
Secondary carnitine deficiency is a secondary biochemical feature of many organic acidemias and fatty acid oxidation defects. (msdmanuals.com)
Allysine (CAS: 1962-83-0), also known as 2-amino-6-oxohexanoic acid or 6-oxonorleucine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-amino acids. (hmdb.ca)
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. (hmdb.ca)
TrpE1
The subunits of anthranilate synthase are encoded by the trpE and trpD genes in E. coli, both of which appear in the trp operon. (wikipedia.org)
Amines1
The use of radical-based methodology in the synthesis of highly substituted amines and amino acids. (exeter.ac.uk)
Derivatives4
The aim of these studies has been to develop a much-needed general synthetic route to amino acids (and other amine derivatives) possessing a quaternary chiral centre alpha -to the nitrogen atom and in particular, alpha , alpha -disubstituted alpha -amino acids. (exeter.ac.uk)
The central theme of this methodology is the formation of alpha -aminoalkyl radicals from existing amino acid and alpha -amino alcohol derivatives by 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer and the subsequent trapping of these radicals with appropriate radicalphiles, thus generating quaternary centres with high efficiency and excellent stereocontrol. (exeter.ac.uk)
It also acts on N -glycoloylneuraminate and on O -acetylated sialic acids, other than 4- O -acetylated derivatives. (qmul.ac.uk)
A major class of oxylipins are the circular derivatives to which 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and its metabolite jasmonic acid (JA) belong. (frontiersin.org)
Fatty acid oxid1
Carnitine is required for long-chain fatty acid oxidation. (msdmanuals.com)
Metabolic2
Based on this, we suggest to measure plasma 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and urinary ketones or 3-hydroxybutyric acid for the biochemical follow-up of a patient's metabolic stability. (biomedcentral.com)
A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to reconstruct the metabolic pathways for the synthesis of oxylipins, derived from roughanic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and arachidonic acid in wild type, the oxylipin-deficient mutants of Ppaos1 and Ppaos2 , the mutants of Ppdes being deficient in all fatty acids harboring a Δ 6 -double bond and the C20-fatty acid-deficient mutants of Ppelo . (frontiersin.org)
Biophys1
A review of fatty acid 2-hydroxylation in sphingolipid biology in connection with the nervous system and various cell types may be consulted ( Hama H , Biochim Biophys Acta 2010, 1801, 405 ). (gerli.com)
Acetoacetic acid (acetoacetate) will be catalyzed to form acetoacetyl-CoA irreversibly by 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 that also coupled with interconversion of succinyl-CoA and succinic acid. (pathbank.org)
Synthesis3
Recent studies have focused on asymmetric synthesis of structurally complex amino acids, using what has proved to be a very versatile radical-based methodology and also the use of structurally unusual heterocycles for masking the reactivity of synthetically valuable functional groups. (exeter.ac.uk)
I. The structure and enzymatic synthesis of N -acetylneuraminic acid. (qmul.ac.uk)
Its main function is to catalyze the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, in the presence of NADPH, into long-chain saturated fatty acids. (thermofisher.com)
Chain5
In some bacteria, complex hydroxy, branched-chain fatty acids ( mycolic acids ) are described. (gerli.com)
a -Hydroxy acids or 2-hydroxy acids are found in plants (chain from 12 up to 24 carbon atoms) and in animal wool waxes, skin lipids and specialized tissues, mainly in brain. (gerli.com)
The analysis of long-chain hydroxylated fatty acids in ancient ceramics or shells enables to identify the origin of these deposits. (gerli.com)
Propionic acidemia (PA) and isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) are disorders affecting the catabolic pathway of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) L-isoleucine and L-valine, and the amino acids L-threonine and L-methionine. (biomedcentral.com)
Dietary fat is present mainly as long chain triglycerides, comprising a glycerol backbone and fatty acids. (oncohemakey.com)
Genome annotation revealed the presence of PHA synthase genes (phaC, phaR, phaP, and phaZ), and the biopolymer was identified as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. (bvsalud.org)
Lipids1
Dietary fats, and lipids produced endogenously from acetyl-CoA, are initially hydrolysed by lipases into glycerol and free fatty acids. (oncohemakey.com)
Complex1
Catabolism is the breakdown of large complex molecules to provide energy for cellular activity and smaller compounds, e.g. amino acids, needed for anabolic reactions or for elimination from the body. (oncohemakey.com)