Synthase iii enzyme fatty acid synthase type i. Medical search. Frequent questions

This enzyme participates in fatty acid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
β-Ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III is involved in the dissociated (or type II) fatty-acid biosynthesis system that occurs in plants and bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
The enzymes involved in mycolate biosynthesis are essential for survival and pathogenesis, and thus represent excellent drug targets. (wikipedia.org)
Isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide), ethionamide, triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenol] and TLM are known to specifically inhibit mycolic acid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
FAE ( Fatty Acid Elongation ) like genes take part in the biosynthesis of VLCFAs, growth regulation, and stress responses, and are further comprised of KCS ( Ketoacyl-CoA synthase ) and ELO ( Elongation Defective Elongase ) sub-gene families. (nature.com)
Transfection of HepG2 cells with sense or antisense miR-370 or miR-122 upregulated and downregulated, respectively, the transcription factor sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and the enzymes diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) that regulate fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
Most interestingly, the genetic feature of HSAF biosynthesis suggests that the same polyketide synthase (PKS) module acts not only iteratively, but also separately. (unl.edu)
Thus, for the first time, the low erucic acid trait in canola B. napus can be attributed to a single amino acid substitution which prevents the biosynthesis of the eicosenoic and erucic acids. (unboundmedicine.com)
Mammalian Wax Biosynthesis II: Expression Cloning of Wax Synthase cDNAs Encoding a Member of the Acyltransferase Enzyme Family'', J Biol Chem. (wikidoc.org)
As the complex PKS I have similarities to other multi-domain enzymes (like those for the fatty acid biosynthesis) we increased the reliability and resolution of the dataset by maximum-likelihood trees. (embl.de)
The biosynthesis can be divided into enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the core structure (XcnAFHIJKL), including the hydroxymalonyl-ACP (XcnBCDE), in proteins involved in an interesting drug activation mechanism (XcnAG) and for a resistance conferring inactivation pathway (XcnMN). (uni-frankfurt.de)
Decreases in these enzymes have been shown to lead to increased TAG production as fatty acid biosynthesis is favoured. (biomedcentral.com)

The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] C-acyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
In M. tuberculosis, the beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase III enzyme is designated mtFabH and is a crucial link between the fatty acid synthase-I and fatty acid synthase-II pathways producing mycolic acids. (wikipedia.org)
Now, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have shown that high levels of a specific protein circulating in the blood accurately detect a severe type of peripheral artery disease that narrows the arteries in the legs and can raise the risk of heart attack and stroke. (technologynetworks.com)
The protein, called circulating fatty acid synthase (cFAS), is an enzyme that manufactures saturated fatty acids. (technologynetworks.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that is involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway for fatty acids. (nih.gov)
Defects in this gene that affect the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation activity are a cause of D-bifunctional protein deficiency (DBPD). (nih.gov)
The most common mutation responsible for RCDP1 replaces the amino acid leucine at protein position 292 with a premature stop signal in the instructions for making peroxisomal biogenesis factor 7 (written as Leu292Ter or L292X). (medlineplus.gov)
Expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and stearoyl-CoA (?9) desaturase 1 (SCD1) genes in ad lib birds declined from their highest levels just prior to photo-stimulation to reduced levels as the birds came into and maintained egg production. (usda.gov)
Hepatic expression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP), very low density apolipoprotein II (ApoVLDL-II) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) genes increased in both ad lib and restricted breeders following photo-stimulation, whereas apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) gene expression declined in both groups. (usda.gov)
In agreement with published findings regarding different HEA and LEA B. napus cultivars, comparison of FAE1 protein sequences from HEA and LEA Brassicaceae revealed one crucial amino acid difference: the serine residue at position 282 of the HEA FAE1 sequences is substituted by phenylalanine in LEA B. napus cv. (unboundmedicine.com)
The expressions of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) and lipogenic enzymes were determined by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. (uea.ac.uk)
Dietary fatty acids and membrane protein function. (springer.com)
The newly discovered NHase might open biotechnological routes due to its unconventional structure, its new type of host and its apparent integration into eukaryotic protein networks. (embl.de)
XcnG, a bifunctional protein with a periplasmic peptidase domain and three additional transmembrane helices cleaves the acylated D-asparagine residue from all prexenocoumacin derivatives to form the bioactive XCN 1 as sole compound. (uni-frankfurt.de)
A correlation network between DFS-SEs of splicing factors and non-splicing factors was constructed to determine the potential mechanisms in PRAD, which included the potential regulatory interaction between the splicing event of splicing factor RNA binding motif protein 5-alternate terminator (AT)-64957 and the splicing event of non-splicing factor heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3-AT-939. (spandidos-publications.com)
These differences in protein abundance have given greater understanding of the mechanism by which salt stress promotes fatty acid accumulation in the un-sequenced microalga C. nivalis as it switches to a non-growth state, whereas C. reinhardtii does not have this response. (biomedcentral.com)
The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
TCDD for every step of the mechanism described for 2,3,7,8-TCDD carcinogenesis in humans including receptor binding, gene expression, protein activity changes, cellular replication, oxidative stress, promotion in initiation-promotion studies and complete carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. (who.int)
Genes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)

Hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatocyte ballooning in the liver and increased hepatic mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase were observed in the MSG-treated mice. (biomedcentral.com)

The role of FabH in fatty acid synthesis has been described in Streptomyces glaucescens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptomyces coelicolor. (wikipedia.org)
FAS-I is involved in the synthesis of C16 and C26 fatty acids. (wikipedia.org)
The C16 acyl-CoA product acts as a substrate for the synthesis of meromycolic acid by FAS-II, whereas the C26 fatty acid constitutes the alpha branch of the final mycolic acid. (wikipedia.org)
This could be especially important given that phosphorylation of mycolate synthesis enzymes is suggested to be critical to regulation and kinase domains are known to have multiple control mechanisms remote from ligand binding and active sites. (wikipedia.org)
This enzyme is required for the synthesis of specialized lipid molecules called plasmalogens, which are present in cell membranes throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
A shortage of alkylglycerone phosphate synthase prevents the synthesis of plasmalogens. (medlineplus.gov)
Cancer cells show altered metabolism seen as a the era of adenosine triphosphate by glycolysis and era of essential fatty acids by synthesis. (healthanddietblog.info)
synthesis.4 Thus nontransformed cells communicate only low degrees of fatty acid synthase (FAS) whereas most cancer cells express high levels of this enzyme. (healthanddietblog.info)
the second locus, on chromosome 3, controls synthesis of the β subunit. (medscape.com)
Their synthesis is most likely driven by ceramide synthase-3. (ox.ac.uk)
A complex metabolic network consisting of enzymes catalyzing their synthesis, modification (phosphorylation, glycosylation) and breakdown regulates accumulation of sphingolipid species and thereby the sphingolipid pool at rheostat conditions, and this can undergo substantial changes in response to metabolic and external challenges. (encyclopedia.pub)
Further investigations by Smith concluded that aspirin and indomethacin inhibited synthesis by specifically blocking oxygenation of arachidonic acid. (medscape.com)

Hepatic mRNA expression of lipid metabolism enzymes and SCFA in feces and sera were measured. (biomedcentral.com)
FOS treatment improved the liver pathology and blunted the increases in the mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Wild-type IDI1 and cholesterol metabolism related serological parameters are normal in all adults. (nature.com)
The formation of propionyl CoA in human metabolism is derived from many sources, chiefly catabolism of a number of essential amino acids (isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine). (medscape.com)
Knowledge of the mechanisms by which fatty acids control specific gene expression may identify important risk factors for cancer and provide insight into the development of new therapeutic strategies for a better management of whole body lipid metabolism. (springer.com)
Cytochrome p450-dependent metabolism of ω-6 and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. (springer.com)
The corresponding genes for the DFS-SEs were significantly enriched in mitochondria and their associated pathways according to Gene Ontology annotation and in the pathways of fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and Huntington's disease according to a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. (spandidos-publications.com)
In salt-stressed C. nivalis there were decreases in the abundance of UDP-sulfoquinovose (− 1.77-fold change), which is involved in sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol metabolism, and in citrate synthase (− 2.7-fold change), also involved in the TCA cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Overview of Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders Amino acid metabolism disorders are hereditary metabolic disorders. (msdmanuals.com)

They are part of a much larger group of compounds, the eicosanoids, which, although ubiquitous as a group, are produced by a variety of cell type-, tissue-, and species-specific biosynthetic pathways. (jci.org)

Westar, the mutated gene was expressed in yeast and GC analysis revealed the presence of very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFAs), indicating that the elongase activity was restored in the LEA FAE1 enzyme by the single amino acid substitution. (unboundmedicine.com)
Other sources of propionyl CoA include odd chain-length fatty acids and the side chain of cholesterol, although these probably contribute very little in relation to the amino acid sources. (medscape.com)
eg PKU - without this enzyme an amino acid (called phenylalanine) rises to harmful levels and can lead to developmental delay. (nsu.govt.nz)
Existing studies have confirmed that ferroptosis involves the metabolisms of the Fe, lipids, amino acid, each mechanism is mutually independent but interrelated, and they are formed a complex regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
that is caused by a lack of the enzyme cystathionine beta-synthase, which is needed to metabolize the amino acid homocysteine. (msdmanuals.com)
Children with homocystinuria are unable to break down (metabolize) the amino acid homocysteine, which, along with certain toxic by-products, builds up to cause a variety of symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)

Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) possess more than twenty carbon atoms and are the major components of seed storage oil, wax, and lipids. (nature.com)
Uptake of long chain fatty acids is regulated by dynamic interaction of FAT/CD36 with cholesterol/sphingolipid enriched microdomains (lipid rafts). (springer.com)

Aldolase glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase phosphoglycerate … Hexokinase From the 4 mammalian hexokinases type II (HKII) which will the external mitochondrial membrane is generally expressed at amounts a lot more than 100-collapse higher in quickly developing tumors than in nontransformed cells.10 11 HKII is usually the main isoform is and overexpressed necessary to maintain high degrees of glycolysis. (healthanddietblog.info)
How do Fatty Acyl-CoA's pass the mitochondrial intermembrane space? (flashcardmachine.com)
The pathogenesis of Reye syndrome, while not precisely elucidated, appears to involve mitochondrial injury resulting in dysfunction that inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and fatty-acid beta-oxidation in a virus-infected, sensitized host. (medscape.com)
Recognition of the structural similarity between aspirin metabolites and enzyme substrates for the mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme important in beta-oxidation led to identification of the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) component of the enzyme as the target of salicylate inhibition. (medscape.com)

In this study, 53 KCS genes were identified in B. carinata compared to 32 and 33 KCS genes in B. nigra and B. oleracea respectively, which suggests that polyploidization might has impacted the fatty acid elongation process during Brassica evolution. (nature.com)
The current study provides a basis to understand the evolution of both KCS and ELO genes in fatty acid elongation and their role in stress tolerance. (nature.com)
Genomic fatty acid elongation 1 (FAE1) clones from high erucic acid (HEA) Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea, and low erucic acid (LEA) B. napus cv. (unboundmedicine.com)

miR-370 targets the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of Cpt1alpha, and it downregulated the expression of the carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1alpha (Cpt1alpha) gene as well as the rate of beta oxidation. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that salicylates decrease beta-oxidation of the long-chain fatty acid palmitate by cultured fibroblasts from children who recovered from Reye syndrome as compared with control subjects. (medscape.com)
3] Absence of inhibition of beta-oxidation by salicylates in fibroblasts from patients with LCHAD deficiency substantiated the finding. (medscape.com)

Aside from blood glucose, this fraction reduced blood triglyceride and free fatty acids. (hindawi.com)

The enzymes in these sac-like compartments break down many different substances, including fatty acids and certain toxic compounds. (medlineplus.gov)
All WAP-8294A compounds contain a 3-hydroxy fatty acyl chain, varied only in the chain length and branching pattern. (unl.edu)
Their effectiveness against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was examined and notably, three compounds (namely T4, T7, and T12) exhibited promising antitubercular activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.56 µg/mL. (bvsalud.org)
Alternanthera sessilis red ethyl acetate fraction exhibits antidiabetic potential on obese type 2 diabetic rats ") report that, despite their inability to identify active compounds, they observed that ethyl acetate fraction of Alternanthera sessilis ameliorated T2D via increased insulin content and decreased insulin resistance. (hindawi.com)
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of enzymes that play an important role in detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of many hydrophobic and electrophilic compounds with reduced glutathione. (thermofisher.com)
Two decades later, the prostaglandins were deduced to be a family of related compounds that contain 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids with a cyclopentane ring, as depicted below. (medscape.com)

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays an important role in innate immunity by controlling type I interferon response against invaded pathogens. (elifesciences.org)
While we found non-cyanobacterial homologs of these enzymes to be rare, we identified a large number of genes encoding CylC-like enzymes in publicly available cyanobacterial genomes and in our in-house culture collection of cyanobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
The neutral type of selection seemed to be predominant in both KCS and ELO genes evolution. (nature.com)
Over time U-triangle developed on polyploidization of Brassica 's proved its usefulness in studying the evolution of various genes and phenotypes 3 . (nature.com)
We also expressed the genes in E. coli to obtain the pure enzymes. (unl.edu)
Abdominal fat pad weights were significantly higher in the ad lib as compared to restricted birds following photo-stimulation and the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in this tissue showed a similar pattern of expression to that observed for the hepatic lipogenic enzyme genes. (usda.gov)
This enzyme is encoded by the Cers3/Lass3 gene (longevity assurance genes), and out of six members of this gene family, only Cers3 mRNA expression was limited to germ cells, where it was up-regulated more than 700-fold during postnatal testicular maturation. (ox.ac.uk)

These enzymes are found in a variety of biosynthetic contexts, which include fatty-acid activating enzymes, type I or type III polyketide synthases, dialkylresorcinol-generating enzymes, monooxygenases or Rieske proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
The remarkable diversity of natural products (NPs) results from a similarly diverse pool of biosynthetic enzymes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the thesis, we demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo production of the polyene tetramate, providing direct evidence for this highly unusual iterative polyketide biosynthetic mechanism that is likely general for this type of hybrid polyketide-peptides. (unl.edu)
Together, the results support a new biosynthetic mechanism: a single set of domains of an iterative PKS-NRPS, in cooperating with a cascade of redox enzymes, to synthesize a complex and highly modified polycyclic tetramate macrolactam. (unl.edu)
Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)

Although the treatment did not affect hepatic inflammation or endoplasmic reticulum stress, it inhibited the expression of the enzymes for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in the liver. (deepdyve.com)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
Samples of liver and abdominal fat pad were collected at the following times: 1) just prior to photo-stimulation, 2) after photo-stimulation at first egg, and 3) through peak egg production. (usda.gov)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent and can result in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and progressive liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (wjgnet.com)
An estimated 30% of adults and 10% of children and adolescents in the United States have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as liver fat content exceeding 5% (Figure 1 )[ 1 - 3 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia and represents the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome[ 4 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis affects approximately 3% of the lean population and 19% of obese persons, making it the most prevalent cause of chronic liver disease in the country[ 6 ]. (wjgnet.com)
In addition, it points out how the malarial liver organ stage growth inhibitory aftereffect of the 2-HDA may be promoted via enzymes. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Reye syndrome is characterized by acute noninflammatory encephalopathy and fatty degenerative liver failure. (medscape.com)

It is generally assumed that unless they are genetically aberrant, normal cells are equipped with common metabolic machinery (i.e., transporters and enzymes) to cope with the changing nutritional environment. (wiley.com)
In U. N. DAs (Ed.), Metabolic syndrome pathophysiology: the role of essential fatty acids (pp. 181-200). (springer.com)
3) Metabolic acidosis with an increase in the anion gap. (who.int)

Although there is substantial structural homology among all bacterial FabH enzymes determined thus far, with two channels for binding of acyl-CoA and malonyl-ACP substrates and a conserved catalytic triad (C122, H258, N289 in mtFabH), mtFabH contains residues along the acyl-CoA binding channel that preferentially select for longer-chain substrates peaking with lauroyl-CoA (C12). (wikipedia.org)
The selectivity with which halogenating enzymes act on their substrates renders halogenases interesting targets for biocatalyst development. (biomedcentral.com)

Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 7 transports several enzymes that are essential for the normal assembly and function of peroxisomes. (medlineplus.gov)
Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 7 also transports the enzyme phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase (produced from the PHYH gene). (medlineplus.gov)
The three mutations known to be responsible for this condition reduce the activity of peroxisomal biogenesis factor 7, which disrupts the import of several critical enzymes (including phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase) into peroxisomes. (medlineplus.gov)
The PEX7 gene mutations responsible for RCDP1 prevent peroxisomal biogenesis factor 7 from transporting critical enzymes, particularly alkylglycerone phosphate synthase, into peroxisomes. (medlineplus.gov)

ACC and FASN also interact with each other, indicating that all three proteins may be components of a large multi-enzyme complex. (elifesciences.org)
Within cells, PEX proteins are responsible for importing certain enzymes into structures called peroxisomes. (medlineplus.gov)
Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We have estimated frequencies of type I PKS (PKS I) - a PKS subgroup - in natural environments by using Hidden-Markov-Models of eight domains to screen predicted proteins from six metagenomic shotgun data sets. (embl.de)
Depending on the length of their fatty acid chains and their degree of saturation, SL species have a strong impact on biophysical membrane parameters such as fluidity or rigidity and curvature, and on interaction with membrane proteins and/or cytoskeletal components, and membrane compartmentalization. (encyclopedia.pub)

FOS increased not only the fecal concentrations of n-butyric acid (0.04 ± 0.01 vs. 0.38 ± 0.14 mg/g, P = 0.02), propionic acid (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.42 ± 0.16 mg/g, P = 0.02), and acetic acid (0.65 ± 0.16 vs. 1.48 ± 0.29 mg/g, P = 0.03) but also the serum concentration of propionic acid (3.9 ± 0.5 vs. 8.2 ± 0.5 μmol/L, P = 0.001). (biomedcentral.com)
Studies suggest that the underlying cause of the hyperammonemia is the inhibition of N -acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) activity by free propionic acid. (medscape.com)

Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)

The method is validated in wild-type and knockout mammalian cell lines and in model organisms. (biomed.news)

A desaturase (XcnN) and a saccharopine dehydrogenase-like enzyme (XcnM) are essential for this unusual transformation via two new identified intermediates and the catalytic reaction is regulated by the response regulator OmpR. (uni-frankfurt.de)

This made us suspect that these naturally occurring acids might be precursors" (see ref. 5 and references within). (jci.org)

Homocystinuria is caused by a lack of the enzyme needed to metabolize homocysteine. (msdmanuals.com)

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 75 (3), 197-202. (springer.com)
The eicosanoid family encompasses thromboxanes, prostacyclins, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), epoxyeicosatrienic acids (EETs), lipoxins, and isoprostanes, the last of which can be generated by nonenzymatic oxidative mechanisms and may serve as markers of oxidative stress in humans. (jci.org)

Fatty acids specifically related to the anisotropic properties of plasma membrane from rat urothelium. (springer.com)
This membrane is made up of dense rows of fatty acids. (vitanetonline.com)

Over time, the accumulation of phytanic acid becomes toxic to cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Accumulation of the 3-carbon fatty acyl-CoA within the mitochondrion leads to decreased free CoA for other reactions, which is alleviated by conversion of propionyl CoA to propionyl-carnitine. (medscape.com)
Since N -acetylglutamate (NAG) is the allosteric activator of carbamoylphosphate synthase, the entry step into the urea cycle, decreased ureagenesis occurs with accumulation of free ammonia. (medscape.com)
In 0.2 M NaCl, C. nivalis accumulates carbohydrates up to 10.4% DCW at 80 h, and fatty acids up to 52.0% dry cell weight (DCW) over 12 days, however, C. reinhardtii does not show fatty acid accumulation over time, and shows limited carbohydrate accumulation up to 5.5% DCW. (biomedcentral.com)
this enzyme is involved in acetyl CoA production and has been linked to TAG accumulation in microalgae. (biomedcentral.com)

An enzyme is missing resulting in a deficiency in biotin. (nsu.govt.nz)

Recent analyses revealed that bacterial flora and dietary microbial metabolites, such as SCFA, contributed to homeostasis as well as various diseases in humans [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
IDI2 determines isoprene production as only DMAPP sources isoprene and unlike plants, humans lack isoprene synthase and its enzyme homologue. (nature.com)
Effect of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory gene expression in healthy humans. (springer.com)
Lack of suitable reagents for detection and fixation or protocols for quantification of SL species have long hampered detailed studies in SL biology at a cellular level, while on an organismic level, ubiquitous genetic ablation of SL modifying enzymes in mice, in some cases reliably reproducing disease processes in humans, precluded detailed analysis on the pathophysiological role of individual compartments. (encyclopedia.pub)

The mechanism for activating and introducing the 3-hydroxy fatty acid chain into the peptide is unclear. (unl.edu)
Several classes of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with a broad spectrum of bioactivities (e.g. antibacterial, insecticidal, antifungal) are known from different Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus strains and are produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and the fatty acid synthase (FAS)-related polyketide synthases (PKS) or even hybrids thereof. (uni-frankfurt.de)

These lipids contain very long-chain (C26-C32) polyunsaturated (4-6 double bonds) fatty acid residues (VLC-PUFAs). (ox.ac.uk)
To assess the role of these complex GSLs in spermatogenesis, we have now investigated with which of the testicular cell types these lipids are associated. (ox.ac.uk)

More importantly, this finding shattered a dogma of the time that held that fatty acids played only structural roles in cells, thus opening the way for discovery of the many other important bioactive fatty acid-derived products. (jci.org)

The action of antidiabetic plants of the Canadian James Bay Cree traditional pharmacopeia on key enzymes of hepatic glucose homeostasis ") report the antidiabetic action of seven Canadian plants as evidenced by glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen synthase, two key enzymes, respectively, involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in hepatocytes. (hindawi.com)

BACKGROUND: Polyketides are a diverse group of biotechnologically important secondary metabolites that are produced by multi domain enzymes called polyketide synthases (PKS). (embl.de)

We found that Drosophila STING interacts with lipid synthesizing enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). (elifesciences.org)
SFN significantly decreased the expressions of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and fatty acid synthase. (uea.ac.uk)

This article reviews the current knowledge and experimental research about the mechanisms by which fatty acids and their derivatives control specific gene expression involved during carcinogenesis. (springer.com)

In turn, PGH2 is converted to biologically active products (ie, prostaglandin E 2 [PGE2]) by individual synthase and reductase reactions. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, using sequence analysis of human genomic DNA, researchers concluded that the amino acids important for catalysis by COX-1 are conserved and are equally important for catalysis by COX-2. (medscape.com)

Meanwhile, SFN suppressed ACC1 and SCD1 via blocking the formation of splicing-type XBP1. (uea.ac.uk)

Funk and co-investigators localized COX-1 to 9q32-q33.3 via somatic hybrid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis. (medscape.com)

Bergström stated in his 1982 Nobel lecture that, following the structural assignments of the six PGs, "These 20-carbon prostaglandins have cis -double bonds located as in certain essential fatty acids, when counting from the carboxyl. (jci.org)
By 1964, after recognition of this basic structure, Bergstrom and colleagues successfully synthesized series 2 prostaglandins from arachidonic acid using sheep seminal fluid. (medscape.com)

KKAy mice, a genetically susceptible model of type II diabetes mellitus, were administered intra-cerebroventricularly with IKK2 inhibitor (IMD-0354) and were exposed to either concentrated PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) for 4 weeks simultaneously via a versatile aerosol concentration exposure system. (deepdyve.com)
Long-term hemodynamic and molecular effects persist after discontinued renin-angiotensin system blockade in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. (ohri.ca)

In people with Refsum disease, a shortage of phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase prevents peroxisomes from breaking down phytanic acid. (medlineplus.gov)
A defective enzyme prevents normal use of milk sugar leading to jaundice, cataracts and life-threatening illness. (nsu.govt.nz)

The new study suggests that fatty acid synthase also circulates in the bloodstream and may have an important role in the plaque formation characteristic of cardiovascular disease. (technologynetworks.com)

The deletion of Drosophila STING leads to disturbed ACC localization and decreased FASN enzyme activity. (elifesciences.org)
Furthermore, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), a transcriptional target of SREBP1, mediates the ferroptosis-suppressing activity of SREBP1 by producing monounsaturated fatty acids. (biomed.news)
We believed that a systematic study of the antimalarial activity of a series of isomeric C16 acetylenic fatty acids could shed light on the structural properties required for antimalarial activity, in particular how the antimalarial activity depends on the position of the triple relationship inside a C16 acyl chain. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
2010). Vertebrate fatty acyl desaturase with Δ4 activity. (springer.com)
In contrast, Larix laricina and A. balsamifera increased glycogen synthase activity. (hindawi.com)
He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)

Without enough of these enzymes, peroxisomes cannot break down fatty acids and other substances effectively. (medlineplus.gov)

Roles of neuroactive amino acids in ammonia neurotoxicity. (cdc.gov)

Fatty acids have shown antimalarial activity10,11,12 but literature reports have been scarce and there is not a consensus as to what structural characteristics (i.e., unsaturation level, position or chain length) favor the best antimalarial fatty acids. (exposed-skin-care.net)

Essential fatty acids: biochemistry, physiology and pathology. (springer.com)
Can essential fatty acids reduce the burden of disease(s)? (springer.com)

Histologic changes include cytoplasmic fatty vacuolization in hepatocytes, astrocyte edema and loss of neurons in the brain, and edema and fatty degeneration of the proximal lobules in the kidneys. (medscape.com)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation. (springer.com)
Therefore, COX - also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), fatty acid COX, prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase, and EC 1.14.99.1 - is implicated in the production of fever, inflammation, and pain. (medscape.com)

May 3, 2002. (cdc.gov)

The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism , tissue , and cell type. (wikipedia.org)
It is described as a housekeeping enzyme, being responsible for cell-to-cell signaling, tissue homeostasis, and cytoprotection. (medscape.com)

During weeks 2 and 3, glucose tolerance tests (GTT), insulin tolerance tests (ITT), and meal tolerance tests (MTT) were performed to evaluate blood glucose, plasma, and insulin. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes6

Information Science3

Biosynthesis12

Protein19

Glycerol-3-phospha1

Synthesis12

Metabolism9

Pathways1

Amino acid6

Long-chain2

Mitochondrial4

Elongation3

Beta-oxidation3

Triglyceride1

Compounds6

Genes7

Biosynthetic5

Liver9

Metabolic3

Substrates2

Peroxisomal4

Proteins5

Propionic acid2

Pathway1

Mammalian1

Dehydrogenase1

Precursors1

Homocystinuria1

Leukotrienes2

Membrane2

Accumulation5

Deficiency1

Humans4

Peptide2

Lipids2

Bioactive1

Hepatic Glucose1

Metabolites1

Carboxylase2

Gene expression1

Reductase1

Genomic1

ACC11

Deoxyribonucleic acid1

Prostaglandins2

Diabetes mellitus2

Prevents2

Suggests1

Activity7

Substances1

Roles1

Structural1

Essential2

Hepatocytes1

Inflammation2

20021

Tissue2

Glucose1