Syndecan extracellular. Medical search. Frequent questions

Syndecans interact with fibronectin on the cell surface, cytoskeletal and signaling proteins inside the cell to modulate the function of integrin in cell-matrix adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
Matrix molecules, growth factors, and enzymes) Chondroitin sulfate chain Transmembrane domain - self-association C1 domain - actin-association cytoskeleton Variable domain - syndecan-specific C2 domain - attach to PDZ proteins Syndecans normally form homodimers or multimers. (wikipedia.org)
Principal functions of the syndecan core proteins are to target the heparan sulphate chains to the appropriate plasma-membrane compartment and to interact with components of the actin-based cytoskeleton. (scienceopen.com)
To enhance epidermal cohesion, Laboratoires Sérobiologiques has developed an antiaging active designed to target two proteins that affect epidermis cohesion: syndecan-1 and type XVII collagen. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
Syndecans are transmembrane proteins, whereas glypicans are attached to the cell surface via a GPI anchor. (leonieclaire.com)
Syndecans are transmembrane proteins with an N-terminal signal sequence and an ectodomain-containing consensus sequences for heparin-binding extracellular ligands including growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, among others. (leonieclaire.com)
Each of the syndecan core proteins has a short cytoplasmic domain that binds cytosolic regulatory factors. (embrapa.br)
Our findings included a significant class of proteoglycans not previously associated with lymphomas as well as significant modulation of genes that code for extracellular matrix-associated proteins. (fortunepublish.com)
During secretion of S100A8/A9, these cytosolic proteins are released as protein components entangled within the chromatin fibers of formed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and in general induce a broad spectrum of pro-inflammatory effects. (kfo342.de)
Syndecans interact with the intracellular cytoskeleton through the cytoplasmic domains of their core proteins and membrane proteins, extracellular enzymes, growth factors, and matrix components, through their heparan-sulfate chains, to regulate developmental processes. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Here, as a first step to assess the possible roles of syndecan proteins in amelogenesis, we examined the expression patterns of all syndecan isoforms in continuously growing mouse incisors, in which we can overview major differentiation stages of amelogenesis at a glance. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Immunohistochemical analysis of syndecan core proteins in the lower incisors from postnatal day 1 mice revealed spatially and temporally specific expression patterns, with syndecan-1 expressed in undifferentiated epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and syndecan-2, -3, and -4 in more differentiated cells. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

Syndecans are the best-characterized plasma membrane proteoglycans. (wikipedia.org)
This review will summarize our current state of knowledge of the structure, biochemical properties and functions of syndecans, a family of transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycans. (scienceopen.com)
In the skin, proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are present not only in the extracellular matrix of the dermis, but also in the epidermis. (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
Syndecan-1 is a member of the transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans family. (bdbiosciences.com)
Analysis of the cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences revealed a high degree of identity with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of previously described proteoglycans but a unique extracellular domain sequence. (rupress.org)
Monoclonal antibodies were used for detection of the proteoglycans syndecan-1, -2 and -4, glypican, CD44 and perlecan. (lu.se)
The syndecans, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, are abundant molecules associated with the cell surface and extracellular matrix and consist of a protein core to which heparan sulfate chains are covalently attached. (embrapa.br)
The syndecans comprise a family of heparan sulfate bearing transmembrane proteoglycans that arise from four distinct genes within mammals. (archive.org)
The sulfated saccharide domains provide numerous docking sites for protein ligands and are abundantly expressed at cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix as part of proteoglycans (PGs). (silverchair.com)
Syndecans are transmembranous heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan side-chains located on the cell surface. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

Syndecan-4 is a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan that functions as a receptor in intracellular signaling. (wikipedia.org)
The protein is found as a homodimer and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. (wikipedia.org)
Free glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycan- (PG-) containing GAGs, key effectors of cell surface, pericellular and extracellular microenvironments, perform multiple functions in cancer by virtue of their coded structure and their ability to interact with both ligands and receptors that regulate cancer growth [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Belongs to the syndecan proteoglycan family. (affbiotech.cn)
Fibroblasts adhere to fibronectin in this matrix via concomitant engagement of α5β1 integrin receptors and syndecan-4, a transmembrane proteoglycan. (princeton.edu)
Shed Caspase 7 Synonyms syndecan-1 potentiates growth element signaling that aids in establishing a supportive tumor microenvironment Shedding of the transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-1 in the surface of cells is elevated in many illnesses and includes a outstanding effect in tumor cell behavior [32, 271, 272]. (igf-1r.com)
Syndecan-1-positive plasma cells and proteoglycan-rich non-haematopoietic cells displayed specific, heparin-sensitive binding to APRIL. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Syndecan-1 (sdc-1) is a cell surface proteoglycan that mediates the connection of cells with their matrix, influencing attachment, migration and response to growth factors. (monossabios.com)

Syndecans bind a variety of extracellular ligands via their covalently attached heparan sulphate chains. (scienceopen.com)
Syndecan-1, via its heparan sulfate chains, binds to a variety of extracellular matrix macromolecules including collagens, fibronectin, thrombospondin, and tenascin etc. (archive.org)

Within the past decade, extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication, being involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells in both prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes to regulate a diverse range of biological processes. (nature.com)
In addition, pathophysiological roles for extracellular vesicles are beginning to be recognized in diseases including cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention. (nature.com)
Moreover, both unmodified and engineered extracellular vesicles are likely to have applications in macromolecular drug delivery. (nature.com)
Here, we review recent progress in understanding extracellular vesicle biology and the role of extracellular vesicles in disease, discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities and consider the associated challenges. (nature.com)
Figure 1: Biogenesis of extracellular vesicles and their interactions with recipient cells. (nature.com)
Figure 2: Roles of extracellular vesicles in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Therapeutic targeting and exploitation of extracellular vesicles. (nature.com)
Lee, Y., El Andaloussi, S. & Wood, M. J. A. Exosomes and microvesicles: extracellular vesicles for genetic information transfer and gene therapy. (nature.com)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. (mdpi.com)
The field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has expanded tremendously over the last decade. (molcells.org)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of heterogeneous particles that originate from the endosomal system or plasma membrane. (bmrat.org)
During the last two decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a subject of scrutiny in various diseases 1 , 2 , 3 . (bmrat.org)

Otiz-Urda and colleagues (7) showed the development of human being epidermal squamous cell carcinomas required the interaction between the two extracellular matrix molecules laminin 332 (LM332) and type VII collagen and recent studies show that this interaction is definitely mediated by signaling through integrin mediated adhesions. (monossabios.com)

All members of the syndecan family have 5 exons. (leonieclaire.com)
What are the members of the syndecan family? (leonieclaire.com)
In contrast, the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains are highly conversed both as members of the syndecan family and among different species. (archive.org)
The authors of this paper have shown the first evidence that syndecan-1 or other members of the syndecan family can mediate cell-cell adhesion. (archive.org)

GAGs bound into PGs are located to the extracellular matrix, basal membrane, and cell surface [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Syndecans have similar structural features: Attach to heparan sulfate chains - interacting factors (e.g. (wikipedia.org)

Syndecan-4 also binds to phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) through the variable domain and increases PKC activity ten-fold. (wikipedia.org)
Syndecan-4 binds to FGF and mediates interaction with the FGF receptor. (wikipedia.org)
The MI15 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to CD138 (Syndecan-1), an 85-92 kDa single chain transmembrane protein, which is strongly expressed on multiple-myeloma-derived cell lines and malignant plasma cell populations. (bdbiosciences.com)

During normal B-cell development, cells acquire expression of CD138, also known as syndecan-1 (SDC1), a marker highly specific for terminally differentiated normal plasma cells (1). (leonieclaire.com)

Also, syndecans bind to FGFs and bring them to the FGF receptor on the same cell. (wikipedia.org)
It is considered an extracellular matrix receptor that may serve as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor and related molecules. (bdbiosciences.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a novel immunotherapy which modifies T cells with CAR, an artificial fusion protein that incorporates an extracellular antigen recognition domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain including costimulation and signaling components [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The affinity of syndecan-1 for the matrix, its ability to bind cells to the matrix, and its pattern of expression are consistent with its proposed role as a receptor for the extracellular matrix. (archive.org)
Syndecan shedding is mediated by the action of a number of proteases that act at sites typically in the membrane-proximal region from the syndecan extracellular domain top to 5-HT1 Receptor list release of an intact ectodomain with attached GAG (HS and CS) chains [273, 274]. (igf-1r.com)

We provide proof-of-concept for extracellular vesicle (EV) profiling as a strategy for non-invasive, liquid biopsy of brain tumors. (lu.se)

The putative extracellular domain contains three potential glycosaminoglycan attachment sites, as well as a domain rich in Thr and Pro residues. (rupress.org)
Except for the glycosaminoglycan attachment sites, the extracellular domains of the syndecans are highly divergent. (archive.org)

Syndecans are normally found on the cell surface of fibroblasts and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation of Syndecan Expression Syndecan-1 is expressed predominantly in epithelial and mesenchymal tissues, syndecan-2 in cells of mesenchymal origin and neuronal and epithelial cells, and syndecan-3 almost exclusively in neuronal and musculoskeletal tissue, whereas syndecan-4 is found in virtually every cell type. (leonieclaire.com)

Syndecan-4 is also called ryudocan or amphiglycan. (wikipedia.org)
This PG family consists of four members: syndecan-1,44 syndecan-2/fibroglycan, 45 syndecan-3/N-syndecan, 46 and syndecan-4/amphiglycan/ryudocan, 47,48 all of which are expressed in the CNS. (leonieclaire.com)

Functional analyses indicated that some of the genes induced by dragonfly larvae caused an increase in laminins necessary for cell adhesion in the extracellular matrix. (biomedcentral.com)
At each point, blood was collected for hyaluronan, syndecan-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and a PBR measurement was performed. (scienceopen.com)
Syndecans have been proposed to play a role in a variety of cellular functions, including cell proliferation and cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. (scienceopen.com)
In addition, it increases cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), independent of its enzymatic activity. (rndsystems.com)
Thus, syndecans participate in cell matrix adhesion. (archive.org)
In addition, it has been widely speculated that syndecans participate in cell-cell adhesion. (archive.org)
However, there has been no direct evidence demonstrating that syndecans can mediate cell-cell adhesion. (archive.org)
The composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) is tissue specific, however, its functions with respect to cellular adhesion, communication, and differentiation remain uniform irrespective of the change in composition. (biologywise.com)

Syndecan-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDC4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Syndecan-4 activates protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme involved in signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
These protein domains locate the syndecan on cell surface sites during development and tumor formation where they interact with other receptors to regulate signaling and cytoskeletal organization. (embrapa.br)

Syndecan-4 interacts with extracellular matrix, anticoagulants, and growth-factors. (wikipedia.org)

Monoclonal antibody MI15 blocks the binding of clone B-B4 but not clone DL-101 (other anti-syndecan-1 antibodies) by flow cytometric analysis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Syndecan 4 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Syndecan 4. (affbiotech.cn)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Syndecan 3 (SDC3) in Tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (hudsen.org)

The 1102 amino acid (aa) human alpha 2 extracellular domain (ECD) shares 83‑89% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, canine, bovine and equine alpha 2. (novusbio.com)

Syndecans: multifunctional cell-surface co-receptors. (scienceopen.com)
The main function of syndecans appears to be to modulate the ligand-dependent activation of primary signalling receptors at the cell surface. (scienceopen.com)
Syndecans are thought to function predominantly as coreceptors for other receptors such as integrins, members of the fibroblast growth factor family, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, and transforming growth factor β, which need heparin sulfate for signaling. (leonieclaire.com)
Environmental signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) are transmitted by cell surface receptors that connect to the actin cytoskeleton and to multiple intracellular signaling pathways. (princeton.edu)

How do Syndecan and Glypican attach to the membrane? (leonieclaire.com)
Syndecan-1 and -4 and glypican expression in chronic ulcers differed from the staining in normal skin. (lu.se)
Whereas the expression of syndecan-4 and glypican in intact skin was mostly in the pericellular regions of keratinocytes, the epidermal cells from the wound edge contained mostly intracellular PGs. (lu.se)
CONCLUSIONS: The altered expression patterns of glypican and syndecan-1 and -4 in chronic ulcers reflect their possible roles during inflammation and cell proliferation. (lu.se)
In the absence of shedding, syndecan-1 mediates FGF-2 signaling, but following induction of syndecan-1 shedding, FGF-2 signaling is mediated by the HSPG glypican-1 [277]. (igf-1r.com)

In the wound edge, syndecan-4 was predominantly expressed by epidermal basal layer cells. (lu.se)
In breast cancer, shed syndecan-1 is derived predominantly from stromal fibroblasts that reside within the tumor [228]. (igf-1r.com)

What kind of ligands does a syndecan carry? (leonieclaire.com)

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Syndecan-3(SDC3) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. (hudsen.org)

In mammals, TG2 is detected across the body, including the blood, extracellular spaces, and intracellular compartments of nearly all tissues. (encyclopedia.pub)
In tissues, syndecan-1 localizes to the basolateral surface of simple epithelia and during B cell differentiation, syndecan-1 is expressed only at times when B cells associate with the extracellular matrix. (archive.org)
Extracellular matrix is the extracellular, complex mixture of various biomolecules and fibers secreted by cells in the tissues of multicellular organisms. (biologywise.com)

Free GAGs chains are secreted to the extracellular space and distributed both in the pericellular matrix and extracellular matrix proper. (hindawi.com)
Due to the fact shed syndecan-1 retains its HS chains, it is no cost to bind to quite a few effectors (development elements, cytokines, chemokines as well as other HP-binding molecules) which can bring about diverse functional consequences each inside the extracellular matrix and at the cell surface. (igf-1r.com)

Fragments of the GCX, such as syndecan-1 and/or hyaluronan (HA), have been examined, and their validity is now being examined. (biomedcentral.com)

Specifically, these extracellular matrix (ECM) components critically modulate the tumor cell "motile phenotype" affecting their adhesive/migratory abilities which are directly correlated to the metastatic cascade [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
This notion has been confirmed by other studies showing that shed syndecan-1 confers an invasive phenotype to breast cancer cells, whereas membrane syndecan-1 inhibits tumor cell invasion [229]. (igf-1r.com)

The higher expression of gremlin 1 and HIF1a genes after exposure to dragonfly larvae indicated an in vivo hypoxic reaction, while down-regulation of syndecan-2 may indicate impairment of angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
HPSE also enhances shedding of syndecans and increases endothelial invasion and angiogenesis in myelomas. (rndsystems.com)
Over the last 15 years, he has shifted his research to the investigation of extracellular matrix remodeling associated with angiogenesis and microvascular integrity. (sfbmec.fr)

Interestingly, in addition to local interactions within the tumor microenvironment, shed syndecan-1 can regulate interactions with host cells which can be distal to the tumor. (igf-1r.com)

Se localiza en la membrana basal de la lámina lúcida y funciona uniendo las células epiteliales a las membranas basales. (bvsalud.org)

Under certain stimuli, the active enzyme is transferred back to the cell surface, where it participates in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling. (rndsystems.com)
Reception of Slit requires only the chondroitin-sulphate-modified extracellular domain of Syndecan at the target cell surface. (mpg.de)
Together, these findings indicate differing roles exist for cell surface verses shed syndecan-1 in regulating breast cancer. (igf-1r.com)

The authors found that following their transfection with cDNA for syndecan-1 or syndecan-4, human B lymphoid cell line (ARH-77) forms large multicellular aggregates in suspension culture and stain intensely for the syndecans at sites of cellcell contact. (archive.org)

This stromal-derived syndecan-1 stimulates breast cancer cell proliferation through activation of FGF-2 [272]. (igf-1r.com)

Vascular inflammation also induces the cleavage activity of the enzymes heparanase and hyaluronidase resulting in shedding of the glycocalyx components syndecan-1 and hyaluronic acid. (kfo342.de)
Heparanase and hyaluronidase are also expressed and released by activated platelets and contribute further to the degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx and the subendothelial extracellular matrix. (kfo342.de)
Interestingly, heparanase also plays a function in growing syndecan-1 shedding. (igf-1r.com)
In each myeloma and breast cancer, when heparanase expression was enhanced, syndecan-1 expression and shedding were substantially elevated [217]. (igf-1r.com)

The combination of reduced PBR and syndecan-1 following transplant suggests that transplantation may improve glycocalyx stability at 3 months after transplant. (scienceopen.com)

The development of the disease is associated with microvascular inflammation and altered immune reaction due to strong infiltration of intima and sub-intima by oxidized lipids, oxidative stress, proliferative responses from cellular components of intima and media, accumulation of extracellular components with the shaping of atherosclerotic plaques, impaired vasomotion ability, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis, ultimately resulting in vascular remodeling and artery obstruction 11 , 12 . (bmrat.org)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) offers a structural basis for regulating cell functions while also acting as a collection point for bioactive molecules and connective tissue cells. (ewha.ac.kr)
Syndecan-4 expression is upregulated in the endometrium of women suffering from endometriosis, and its downregulation in endometriotic cells results in a decrease of invasive growth, and reduced expression of the small GTPase Rac1, Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2), and MMP3. (wikipedia.org)
The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as an adhesive that holds all the cells of a tissue in place. (biologywise.com)
Syndecan-1 shedding can influence FGF-2 mediated signaling in breast cancer cells. (igf-1r.com)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)

Syndecan-4 has more widespread distribution than other syndecans and it is the only syndecan that has been found consistently in focal adhesions. (wikipedia.org)

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Syndecan 3 (SDC3) in samples from tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (hudsen.org)

Syndecan-4 is also a regulator of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) signaling. (wikipedia.org)
Because the tight correlation between syndecan-4 and growth factors, the efficiency of angiogenic therapies have been thought to relate to syndecan-4. (wikipedia.org)
Growth factor signaling may be disrupted by changes in syndecan-4 expression. (wikipedia.org)

This review discusses the functions of syndecan-2, its structural organization, and its role in the formation of amyloid plaques. (molecbio.ru)

The variable domain of syndecan-4 could be a site of self-association. (wikipedia.org)
The difference in size of the syndecans is credited to the variable length of exon 3, which encodes a spacer domain [1, 14]. (leonieclaire.com)
The alpha 2 extracellular domain (ECD) contains an I (inserted) domain which includes the ligand binding site (2, 3). (novusbio.com)
Understanding the expression domain of each syndecan isoform during specific developmental stages seems useful for investigating their physiological roles in amelogenesis. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

Anatomy23

Organisms7

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Proteins12

Proteoglycans10

Proteoglycan8

Variety of extracellular2

Vesicles12

Integrin1

Members of the syndecan family4

Located to the extracellular matrix1

Heparan sulfate chains1

Binds3

SDC11

Receptor5

Vesicle1

Glycosaminoglycan attachment sites2

Epithelial cells2

Ryudocan2

Adhesion8

Protein3

Interacts1

Antibody3

Amino acid1

Receptors4

Glypican5

Predominantly2

Ligands1

ELISA Kit1

Tissues3

Chains2

Hyaluronan1

Tumor cell2

Angiogenesis3

Regulate1

Basal1

Cell surface3

CDNA1

Stromal1

Heparanase4

Glycocalyx1

Endothelial1

Cells5

Focal1

Tissue1

Growth3

Structural1

Domain4