Synapse hair cells auditory. Medical search. Frequent questions

One hallmark embodying the auditory temporal precision is phase-locking, a phenomenon that the timing of spikes fired by single auditory neurons is synchronized and therefore phase-locked to acoustic cycles ( Heil and Peterson, 2017 ). (jneurosci.org)
The flow of information through the brain relies on the coordinated activity of thousands or millions of cells, and on ensembles of neurons that are active simultaneously. (amherst.edu)
PNNs are supposed to control synaptic transmission and are frequently associated with neurons firing at high rates, including principal neurons of auditory brainstem nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)
The origin of high-frequency activity of auditory brainstem neurons is the indefatigable sound-driven transmitter release of inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea. (biomedcentral.com)
Complexins were not detectable in cochlear hair cells but CPX I was expressed in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) that give rise to the auditory nerve. (le.ac.uk)
GABAergic interneurons are a highly diverse class of cell types that play essential roles in regulating the input/output behaviour of pyramidal neurons and of other interneurons. (uni-goettingen.de)
Inner hair cells (IHC) are responsible for transforming mechanical sound-borne vibrations into electrical signals and conveying this information to the afferent spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). (uni-goettingen.de)
Loss of hair cells and their innervating neurons is the most frequent cause of hearing impairment. (elsevierpure.com)
In this work the impact of two widely used anesthetics on the electrical activity of auditory brainstem neurons was studied during postnatal development. (frontiersin.org)
In recent years, different lines of genetically manipulated mouse models were used to study how modulation of the cochlear pacemaker affects the maturation of central auditory neurons and synapses. (frontiersin.org)
Our project will ask this question by comparing and contrasting presynaptic maturation in two distinct cell types capable of regeneration in the postnatal nervous system: olfactory sensory neurons in the nose, and inner ear sensory hair cells in the vestibular utricle. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
Galliano E, Hahn C, Browne L, Rodriguez Villamayor P, Tufo C, Crespo A, Grubb MS. Brief sensory deprivation triggers cell type-specific structural and functional plasticity in olfactory bulb neurons. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
For decades, we have presumed the death of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are the main cause of hearing loss and difficulties understanding speech in noise, but new findings suggest synapse loss may be the key contributor. (elsevierpure.com)
Specifically, recent preclinical studies suggest that the synapses between inner hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons with low spontaneous rates and high thresholds are the most vulnerable subcellular structures, with respect to insults during aging and noise exposure. (elsevierpure.com)
All auditory information is transduced by only 15,000 hair cells (organ of Corti), of which the so-called inner hair cells, numbering 3,500, are critically important, since they form synapses with approximately 90% of the 30,000 primary auditory neurons (figure 2). (cloudaccess.net)
Such robust synapses are formed between MNTB and LSO neurons (medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral superior olive). (stanford.edu)
Mammals cannot regenerate lost hair cells or auditory neurons so hearing loss can be permanent [1]. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
The long-term project with Professor Marco Rivolta at the University of Sheffield has shown that stem cells can be turned into both hair cells and auditory neurons that have similar electrical properties to their natural counterparts. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
Animal studies then followed, which showed that transplanted stem cells were able to change into auditory neurons that could reconnect to the sensory hair cells. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
Our laboratories use biophysical, electrophysiological, molecular biological and histological methods to determine fundamental molecular mechanisms by which neurotransmitters are released from primary sensory cells ('hair cells') to excite second order neurons carrying information to the brain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The activation of ligand-gated ionotropic P2X receptors and G protein-coupled metabotropic P2Y receptors has been reported to induce an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in inner hair cells (IHCs), outer hair cells (OHCs), spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), and supporting cells in the cochlea. (sagepub.com)
Recent studies have also suggested a role of synaptopathy between inner hair cells and sensory neurons in presbycusis[ 16 - 18 ]. (tinnitusjournal.com)
To date, Kirupa's research has broadly focused on neurons within the auditory efferent circuit, which allow the brain to modulate incoming sound signals at the ear. (aro.org)

It is relatively well documented that transcription factors and signaling pathways are critically involved in the formation of inner ear structures and in the development of hair cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
In order to serve as a guide for the future development of pertinent therapeutic interventions, this review provides a systematic overview of recent research progress on the mechanisms disclosing cochlear hair cell injury as well as a detailed account of the molecular pathways regulating mammalian hair cell regeneration. (biomedgrid.com)
Deafferentation is related to the decrease of afferent connections with the nerve cells and "Central gain" means that the central auditory pathways can generate hyperactivity to compensate for this loss of information. (tinact.eu)
Progenitor cell therapy may also allow functional reorganization of the auditory pathways including primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus). (intechopen.com)
The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAEP) is a complex response to externalstimulation that represents the neural electrophysiological activity of the auditory system at the level of the brainstem, mapping the synapses of the auditory pathways from the cochlear nerve, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary brainstem complex to the inferior colliculus-midbrain 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)

In the vestibular periphery a unique postsynaptic terminal, the calyx, completely covers the basolateral walls of type I hair cells and receives input from multiple ribbon synapses. (jneurosci.org)
Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from calyx endings were performed in an in vitro whole-tissue preparation of the rat vestibular crista, the sensory organ of the semicircular canals that sense head rotation. (jneurosci.org)
Sensory hair-cells are required to reliably transmit auditory and vestibular information to the brain. (amherst.edu)
The peripheral segments of the cochlear and vestibular nerves join at the lateral part of the internal auditory canal (IAC) to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. (medscape.com)
Atoh1-based gene therapy to ameliorate auditory and vestibular dysfunction has been proposed. (elsevierpure.com)
How DA influences the activity of the auditory and vestibular systems and its site of action are not well understood. (wustl.edu)
Impulses are set up and transmitted through the vestibular branch of the auditory nerves to the brain for interpretation. (acadlly.com)
Dr. René H Gifford will discuss recent work on electric-acoustic integration in children and adults, and Dr. Sharon Cushing will discuss her work as a clinician on 3-D auditory and vestibular effects. (aro.org)
My research focuses on characterizing the biophysics of synaptic transmission between hair cells and primary afferents in the vestibular system. (aro.org)
For many years an outstanding question in vestibular physiology was how the transduction current in the type I hair cell was sufficient, in the face of large conductances on at rest, to depolarize it to potentials necessary for conventional synaptic transmission with its unique afferent calyx. (aro.org)

The origin of this high-rate activity is found in the cochlea, where inner hair cells (IHCs) transduce mechanical stimuli into receptor potentials, followed by faithful and indefatigable transmitter release at their ribbon synapses. (biomedcentral.com)
The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from an aggregation of nerve cell bodies in the spiral ganglion, located in the modiolus of the cochlea. (medscape.com)
Sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea convert mechanical stimuli into electrical impulses that subserve audition. (elsevierpure.com)
Here we show that in utero gene transfer of Atoh1 produces functional supernumerary hair cells in the mouse cochlea. (elsevierpure.com)
Our results demonstrate that manipulation of cell fate by transcription factor misexpression produces functional sensory cells in the postnatal mammalian cochlea. (elsevierpure.com)
Traditionally, the main cause of hearing loss is thought to be damage to the tiny hair cells within the cochlea of the inner ear. (leedsaudiologyclinic.co.uk)
In the cochlea of mouse embryos, it is highly expressed in prosensory cells and down-regulated at the onset of hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
In addition, Lin28B functions to enhance the regenerative competence of maturing supporting cells in the cochlea through cooperation with Follistatin, which inhibits Lin28B-induced TGF-ß signaling that can trigger proliferative quiescence [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Lin28A is required for hair cell regeneration in the mammalian cochlea, and may function in redundant processes with Lin28B [ 3 ] [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
90% of hearing loss is caused by damage to cells within the cochlea, particularly the sensory hair cells, and once these cells are damaged they degenerate and die. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
Recent studies indicate that the mammalian cochlea would only regenerate during embryonic development and early neonatal period, while adult hair cells lack this ability [5,6]. (biomedgrid.com)
With sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), the damaged hair cells of the organ of Corti within the cochlea interfere with typical hearing and, as a result, cause impaired language development. (intechopen.com)
2016 ) Selective hair cell ablation and noise exposure lead to different patterns of changes in the cochlea and the cochlear nucleus. (neurotree.org)
The bony and membranous labyrinth forms the two auditory structures which include the cochlea and the semicircular canals. (acadlly.com)
It can be caused by damage to the tympanic membrane, eustachian tube or sensory cells in the cochlea. (acadlly.com)
Results Neonatal pain resulted in impaired hearing in adulthood of both pain models No damage or synapse loss was found in the cochlea but increased dendritic spine density and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor level were found in auditory cortex in neonatal pain group. (bmj.com)
Role of nitric oxide on purinergic signalling in the cochlea Harada, Narinobu 2010-06-08 00:00:00 In the inner ear, there is considerable evidence that extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in auditory neurotransmission as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator, although the potential role of adenosine signalling in the modulation of auditory neurotransmission has also been reported. (sagepub.com)
The vibrations are amplified via the auditory ossicles and sent to the cochlea in the inner ear. (lu.se)
The hair cells inside the fluid-filled cochlea react to sounds of different frequencies, 20-20 000 Hz. (lu.se)

Unlike I Ca TB at other ribbon synapses, I Ca TB in mammalian IHCs displays a surprising multi-peak structure that mirrors the EPSCs seen in paired recordings. (nebraska.edu)
Downstream of dynamic range compression by active cochlear micromechanics, the inner hair cells (IHCs) cover the full intensity range of sound input. (mbexc.de)
Acoustic overexposure can eliminate synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and auditory nerve fibers (ANFs), even if hair-cell function recovers. (bvsalud.org)
Recent studies showed that extracellular ATP induced nitric oxide (NO) production in IHCs, OHCs, and SGNs, which affects the ATP-induced Ca2+ response via the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway in those cells by a feedback mechanism. (sagepub.com)

This article discusses the anatomy of the auditory pathway (see the following images), as well as a few physiologic considerations and clinical applications. (medscape.com)
Illustration of the auditory reflex pathway. (medscape.com)
Collectively, our empirical and modeling results demonstrate that GlyT2 re-uptake activity is not the dominant factor in the SV recycling pathway that imparts indefatigability to MNTB-LSO synapses. (stanford.edu)
Our lab is using dendritic patch clamp recordings to examine mechanisms of synaptic transmission at this first, critical synapse in the auditory pathway. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Conclusion Chronic pain during the neonatal period resulted in impaired hearing in adulthood in mice, possibly via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway and dendritic spine pruning deficiency in auditory cortex. (bmj.com)

Hair cells of the inner ear act as mechanosensors, converting mechanical stimuli to electrical signals transmitted to the brain. (washington.edu)

A Ca 2+ current transient block (I Ca TB) by protons occurs at some ribbon-type synapses after exocytosis, but this has not been observed at mammalian hair cells. (nebraska.edu)
To achieve accurate encoding of sounds, inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon-type synapses are highly specialized to release synaptic vesicles (SVs) with high rates and temporal precision. (uni-goettingen.de)

The 3 super components are Aloe vera, Apple Pectin, and a unique Lactobacillus acidophilus that improves your stomach and immune system so your auditory cortex can heal. (besthealthsolution4u.com)
In particular, the 'attractor-like' dynamics of spatiotemporal activity patterns associated with the emergence and disappearance of subjective tinnitus will be described using novel statistics and compared to the respective local field potential (LPF) and spike recordings in auditory cortex of animal models for tinnitus in a companion project (ESR12). (tinact.eu)
The inner ear structures and dendritic morphology in auditory cortex were assessed using immunofluorescence and Golgi-staining. (bmj.com)
Oxycodone attenuated hearing loss and the associated changes in dendritic spine density and brain-derived neurotrophic factor changes in auditory cortex. (bmj.com)
A tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist reversed neonatal pain-induced hearing impairment and decreased caspase 3 expression in auditory cortex. (bmj.com)
Talk into the ear and follow the sound's path via the ear canal into the auditory cortex in the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. (lu.se)

In particular, sound-evoked spikes in auditory afferent fibers in vivo are phase-locked to sound frequencies up to 5 kHz, but it is not clear how hair cells can handle intracellular Ca 2+ changes with such high speed and efficiency. (jneurosci.org)
Given that phase-locking can be achieved in auditory afferent fibers for frequencies up to ∼5 kHz ( Taberner and Liberman, 2005 ), exocytosis from hair cells must be tightly controlled with sufficient temporal precision required. (jneurosci.org)
To date it remains unclear how exactly the hair cell receptor potential is converted into an afferent firing pattern at this unusual synapse. (jneurosci.org)
Displacement of stereocilia opens ion channels resulting in depolarization and release of transmitter from synapses at the basal end of the cell to terminals of innervating afferent nerves. (washington.edu)
In collaboration with Dr. Art, I overcame the technical challenges of simultaneously recording from type I hair cells and their enveloping calyx afferent to investigate this question. (aro.org)

By stimulating hair cells with sinusoidal voltage commands that mimic pure sound tones, we recapitulated the phase-locking of hair cell exocytosis with an in vitro approach. (jneurosci.org)
Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of inner hair cells and sound encoding by SGNs were unaffected in CPX I knock-out mice. (le.ac.uk)

It is highly likely that the peculiar morphology of the hair cell/calyx synapse has consequences for synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, we found synaptic transmission to outlast the stimulus at many endbulb of Held synapses in vitro and in vivo, suggesting impaired synchronization of release to stimulus offset. (le.ac.uk)
Hearing depends on faithful synaptic transmission at the inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon synapse, which is orchestrated by active zone proteins. (uni-goettingen.de)
Research in the Glowatzki Lab focuses on the auditory system, with a particular focus on synaptic transmission in the inner ear. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

In the absence of CPX I, the resting release probability in the endbulb of Held synapses of the auditory nerve fibers with bushy cells in the cochlear nucleus was reduced. (le.ac.uk)

2021 ) Age-related decline in cochlear ribbon synapses and its relation to different metrics of auditory-nerve activity. (neurotree.org)

In extracellular recordings from hair cells, we observed that D1R agonist SKF-38393 increased microphonic potentials, whereas D1R antagonist SCH-23390 decreased microphonic potentials. (wustl.edu)

Auditory brainstem response is a response to external stimulation that represents the neural electrophysiological activity of the auditory system at the brainstem level. (bvsalud.org)

Berlin CI, Hood L, Rose K. On renaming auditory neuropathy as auditory dys-synchrony. (medscape.com)

Proper perception of sounds in the environment requires auditory signals to be encoded with extraordinary temporal precision up to tens of microseconds, but how it originates from the hearing organs in the periphery is poorly understood. (jneurosci.org)
The inner ear is a highly sophisticated and intricate organ of the human body that enables auditory perception by connecting with the external environment. (biomedgrid.com)
Yet, let's look at an example that will help us explain sound and auditory perception. (superwriters.net)
Vision is known to impact auditory perception and neural mechanisms in vision and audition are tightly coupled, thus, in order to understand how we hear and how CIs affect auditory perception we must consider the integrative effects across these senses. (aro.org)

synapses must be formed, neurotransmitter has to be released at precise time points and it has to be "sensed" by the receiving end of a synapse with an equal accuracy. (uni-goettingen.de)
We will use in silico interrogation of gene expression and protein interactions to identify crucial nodes in functional modules of presynaptic maturation, and will manipulate these nodes to understand how they shape neurotransmitter release in regenerating cells. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

Hearing was impaired in CPX I knock-out mice but normal in knock-out mice for CPXs II, III, IV, and III/IV as measured by auditory brainstem responses. (le.ac.uk)
As predicted by computational modeling, bushy cells had decreased spike rates at sound onset as well as longer and more variable first spike latencies explaining the abnormal auditory brainstem responses. (le.ac.uk)

Grubb MS, Nissant A, Murray K, Lledo PM Functional maturation of the first synapse in olfaction: development and adult neurogenesis. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
For example, the input number was reduced to ~1 (vs. ~4 in controls), implying massive functional degeneration of the MNTB-LSO microcircuit and a role of GlyT2 during synapse maturation. (stanford.edu)

Although it is not yet known, it will be exciting to see if our data are generalizable to other hair-cell organs and model systems. (amherst.edu)
The vibration of the recorder causes changes in the air that trigger auditory organs to process this representation of sound and send it to the brain. (superwriters.net)

The longer central fibers, also called the primary auditory fibers, form the cochlear nerve, and the shorter, peripheral fibers extend to the bases of the inner and outer hair cells. (medscape.com)
The bodies of the cochlear sensory cells resting on the basilar membrane are surrounded by nerve terminals, and their approximately 30,000 axons form the cochlear nerve. (cloudaccess.net)

2019 ) Temporal coding of single auditory nerve fibers is not degraded in aging gerbils. (neurotree.org)

However they are able to regenerate hair cells throughout life. (washington.edu)
We use the zebrafish system to understand why hair cells die, how they can be protected from damage, and how they can regenerate. (washington.edu)
When cells in the nervous system regenerate, how do their synapses mature? (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
This potent combination will remodel and regenerate every RingHush cell in your body. (besthealthsolution4u.com)
However, birds and many non-mammalian species are able to regenerate hair cells after they have been damaged, so the question is: why have mammalian species lost this ability? (healthcare-arena.co.uk)
However, it is susceptible to genetic defects, noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, and aging, because mammals have limited ability to regenerate spontaneously, hair cell loss or damage may lead to permanent hearing loss. (biomedgrid.com)

To date, the functional role of this specialized synapse remains elusive. (jneurosci.org)
Our research studies leverage the strengths of the zebrafish model system by using genetics and in vivo imaging to dissect the molecular and functional requirements underlying hair-cell synapse function and assembly. (amherst.edu)
Our goal is to understand the structural and functional properties of excitable cells in the heart and brain across multiple length scales in order to decipher disease-relevant, nanoscale functional units in heart and nerve cells. (mbexc.de)
Consistent with this activity, functional analyses in mice suggest that Lin28B plays an important role in hair cell development and regeneration. (encyclopedia.pub)
Glycinergic Transmission in the Presence and Absence of Functional GlyT2: Lessons From the Auditory Brainstem. (stanford.edu)

Ordinary hearing impairment is the result of damage to the hair cells or the nerves. (atkinshearingcenter.com)
These nerves are surrounded by Schwann cells beginning in the IAC close to the porus acusticus. (medscape.com)
This in turn stops the transmission of a sound signal to the auditory nerves and the brain. (leedsaudiologyclinic.co.uk)
The impulses then stimulate the auditory nerves of the acoustic branch to the brain for interpretation. (acadlly.com)

Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by lesions of either the inner ear (sensory) or the auditory (8th) nerve (neural). (msdmanuals.com)
However, supporting Schwann and satellite cells, as in all cranial ganglia, are entirely of neural crest origin, apparently arising from the ganglion of the facial nerve (see the image below). (medscape.com)
In contrast, all the supporting and Schwann cells are derived from neural crest cells, possibly from the VIIth nerve ganglion to which the vestibulocochlear ganglion is initially attached. (medscape.com)
Synapses repair and neural networks renew once the brain-eating poison is removed. (besthealthsolution4u.com)

How to process a wide range of stimulus intensities with temporal precision is an enigmatic phenomenon of the auditory system. (mbexc.de)
The perceptual aspect of the sound stimulus loudnes s is related to the level of an auditory stimulus. (superwriters.net)

Central auditory nuclei are functionally denervated in otoferlin knockout mice (Otof KOs) via gene ablation confined to the periphery. (stanford.edu)

However, previous studies of Ca 2+ handling in auditory hair cells have often been conducted in immature hair cells, with elevated extracellular Ca 2+ concentration, or through steady-state stimulation that may not be physiologically relevant. (jneurosci.org)
Here we show that a robust I Ca TB occurs at post-hearing mouse and gerbil inner hair cell (IHC) synapses, but not in immature IHC synapses, which contain non-compact active zones, where Ca 2+ channels are loosely coupled to the release sites. (nebraska.edu)
In neonatal murine cochlear organoids and explants, Lin28B antagonizes the activity of let7 miRNA and increases Akt-mTORC1 signaling to promote hair cell regeneration from immature supporting cells by inducing their de-differentiation and proliferation as well as by directly converting them into hair cells [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hair cell synapses can transmit sound-driven signals precisely in the kHz range. (jneurosci.org)

Depolarizing receptor potential is the _____ current with _______ ions moving into the cell. (freezingblue.com)
A _______ receptor potential is the outward current with positive ions moving out of cell. (freezingblue.com)
However, a member of the D1-like receptor family, D1b, tightly localizes to ribbon synapses in inner ear and lateral-line hair cells. (wustl.edu)
Phylogenetic Differences in Calcium Permeability of the Auditory Hair Cell Cholinergic Nicotinic Receptor. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

End points measured were electrophysiological, namely, compound action potential (CAP) an cochlear microphonic (CM). CAP is a measure of cochlear output generated at the inner hair cell-type I spiral ganglion synapse, and , CM is generated largely by the outer hair cell. (cdc.gov)
Resident cochlear macrophages rapidly migrate into the inner hair cell synaptic region and directly contact the damaged synaptic connections after noise-induced synaptopathy. (wustl.edu)
A phenomenological model of the synapse between the inner hair cell and auditory nerve: long-term adaptation with power-law dynamics. (tamu.edu)

Here we show that dopami-nergic efferent fibers innervate the acousticolateralis epithelium of the zebrafish during development but do not directly form synapses with hair cells. (wustl.edu)
The overall goal of the Auditory Brainstem Library is to understand how abnormal auditory input from the ear affects the brainstem, and how the brain in turn affects activity in the ear through efferent feedback loops. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Conductive hearing loss occurs secondary to lesions in the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane (TM), or middle ear. (msdmanuals.com)
The "mouth" of the internal auditory canal (IAC) is called the porus acusticus. (medscape.com)
The auditory condition was verified by visual examination of the external ear canal, pure tone audiometry, and tympanometry. (scielo.br)
The outer ear consists of the auricle, a cartilaginous skin-covered structure, and the external auditory canal, an irregularly-shaped cylinder approximately 25 mm long which is lined by glands secreting wax. (cloudaccess.net)
The pinna collects sounds, detects their direction and directs them into the canal called external auditory meatus (ear tube). (acadlly.com)

Here we investigated the role of GlyT2 at inhibitory glycinergic synapses in the mammalian auditory brainstem. (stanford.edu)

In preclinical and clinical studies, progenitor cell therapy (cord blood and mesenchymal stem cells) has shown promise in reversing the underlying pathology of SNHL, the loss of cochlear sensory hair cells. (intechopen.com)
We will present a summary of the effect of hearing loss on auditory development, existing preclinical and clinical data on progenitor cell therapy, and its potential role in the (re)habilitation of non-genetic SNHL. (intechopen.com)

Representation of the vowel /epsilon/ in normal and impaired auditory nerve fibers: model predictions of responses in cats. (tamu.edu)
They are bipolar cells, because they have 2 sets of processes, or fibers, that extend from opposite ends of the cell bodies. (medscape.com)
Only about 30,000 of these fibers exist, and the greater number of them-about 95%-innervate the inner hair cells. (medscape.com)
These primary auditory fibers exit the modiolus through the internal meatus and enter the medulla oblongata. (medscape.com)
Most non-synapsing fibers (57% and 48% at 1 day and 1 week) remained in contact with an IHC and contained healthy-looking organelles. (bvsalud.org)

disputed - discuss] Hair cells may be abnormal at birth or damaged during the lifetime of an individual. (wikipedia.org)

Moreover, the hair cells are capable of mechanoelectrical transduction and show basolateral conductances with age-appropriate specializations. (elsevierpure.com)
These damages may show up as the mechanical transduction complex of hair cells not functioning properly, the loss of certain ribbon synapses, or even the direct death of hair cells. (biomedgrid.com)
A cross-talk between NO and ATP may therefore exist in the auditory signal transduction. (sagepub.com)

Therefore, to restore hearing loss after synapse damage is it critical to understand 1) the molecular requirements and 2) the function and assembly of synapses in vivo. (amherst.edu)
Recently we examined how ensembles of sensory hair cells function in vivo using optical indicators in intact zebrafish. (amherst.edu)
Atonal homologue 1 (encoded by Atoh1, also known as Math1) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor required for hair-cell development, and its misexpression in vitro and in vivo generates hair-cell-like cells. (elsevierpure.com)

Here the role of glutamatergic transmission at the calyx synapse is investigated. (jneurosci.org)

Heeringa AN, Köppl C. ( 2022 ) Auditory Nerve Fiber Discrimination and Representation of Naturally-Spoken Vowels in Noise. (neurotree.org)

Multi-site diagnosis and management of 260 patients with auditory neuropathy/dys-synchrony (auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder). (medscape.com)
Mo L, Yan F, Liu H, Han D, Zhang L. Audiological results in a group of children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. (medscape.com)
Cochlear implantation in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. (medscape.com)

Eventually, such damaged synapses are spontaneously repaired, but the precise role of macrophages in synaptic degeneration and repair remains unknown. (wustl.edu)

The mechanism of human hearing is very complex but fundamentally it involves the sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti detecting sounds and passing messages via synapses to the spiral ganglion neurones that carry the signal to the brain. (healthcare-arena.co.uk)

We propose that I Ca TB may function as a submillisecond feedback mechanism contributing to the auditory nerve's fast spike adaptation during sound stimulation. (nebraska.edu)
These synapses are tuned for resilience, reliability, and precision, even during sustained high-frequency stimulation when endocytosis and refilling of SVs probably contribute substantially to efficient replenishment of the readily releasable pool (RRP). (stanford.edu)
other theories suggest changes in the brain structure following reduced peripheral auditory stimulation, or a common cause to both conditions. (tinnitusjournal.com)

Collectively, our results suggest that DA is released in a paracrine fashion and acts at ribbon synapses, likely enhancing the activity of presynaptic Cav1.3a channels and thereby increasing neurotransmission. (wustl.edu)
Loss of the calcium sensor otoferlin disrupts neurotransmission from inner hair cells. (stanford.edu)
ATP may participate in auditory neurotransmission by modulating [Ca2+]i in the cochlear cells. (sagepub.com)

To assess modulation of hair-cell activity, we reversibly activated or inhibited D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in lateral-line hair cells. (wustl.edu)
Distinct evolutionary trajectories of neuronal and hair cell nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
Upon viewing the video on the Anatomy and Physiology of Hearing (the link can be found in Lessons - Week Two), describe the structure of the ear, focusing on the role that each component plays in transmitting the vibrations that enter the outer ear to the auditory receptors in the inner ear. (superwriters.net)
The proteins in the cell membrane function as pumps, receptors and transporters and regulate which substances find their way into and out of the cell. (lu.se)

The remainder cross the tunnel of Corti to innervate the outer hair cells. (medscape.com)
The inner and outer hair cells are separated from each other by an abundant layer of support cells. (cloudaccess.net)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that occurs when a person's immune system attacks healthy cells in the body. (medicaldaily.com)
Here, we explored the role of CPXs in the mouse auditory system. (le.ac.uk)
It also harms your auditory system and mind. (besthealthsolution4u.com)
Inner ear hair cells are a central component of the auditory system. (biomedgrid.com)
By searching Pubmed, CNKI, Wanfang and other large databases, this review summarizes the damage mechanisms of cochlear hair cells mainly involve the breakage of tip links, mechanical damage of the core of the ciliary fiber actin, synaptic damage, as well as Oxidative stress by ROS intervention system. (biomedgrid.com)
Notably, the visual system is tightly couples to the auditory system. (aro.org)

Anatomy78

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20211

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