• Factitious disorder symptoms can range from mild (slight exaggeration of symptoms) to severe (previously called Munchausen syndrome). (mayoclinic.org)
  • Factitious disorder imposed on another (previously called Munchausen syndrome by proxy) is when someone falsely claims that another person has physical or psychological signs or symptoms of illness, or causes injury or disease in another person with the intention of deceiving others. (mayoclinic.org)
  • unreal disorder symptoms can vary from gentle (slight exaggeration of symptoms) to severe (previously known as Munchausen syndrome). (usa-good.com)
  • Factitious disorders, also known as Munchausen Syndrome, is a mental disorder in which a person deliberately pretends to have a physical or mental illness when they are not actually sick. (usa-good.com)
  • Factitious disorder imposed on self, also known as Munchausen syndrome, is a factitious disorder in which those affected feign or induce disease, illness, injury, abuse, or psychological trauma to draw attention, sympathy, or reassurance to themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Munchausen syndrome fits within the subclass of factitious disorder with predominantly physical signs and symptoms, but patients also have a history of recurrent hospitalization, travelling, and dramatic, extremely improbable tales of their past experiences. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is considered "Munchausen by proxy" and the drive to create symptoms for the victim can result in unnecessary and costly diagnostic or corrective procedures. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some extreme cases, people with Munchausen syndrome are highly knowledgeable about the practice of medicine and are able to produce symptoms that result in lengthy and costly medical analysis, prolonged hospital stays, and unnecessary operations. (wikipedia.org)
  • A summary of more common and reported cases of factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome), and the laboratory tests used to differentiate these from physical disease is provided below: There are several criteria that together may point to factitious disorder, including frequent hospitalizations, knowledge of several illnesses, frequently requesting medication such as pain killers, openness to extensive surgery, few or no visitors during hospitalizations, and exaggerated or fabricated stories about several medical problems. (wikipedia.org)
  • This disorder used to be called factitious disorder by proxy or Munchausen syndrome by proxy. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Munchausen syndrome is a factitious disorder that is difficult to diagnose and treat. (nih.gov)
  • Factitious disorder imposed on self was previously called Munchausen syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In Monday's plea agreement, District Court Judge Patricia Herron cited a rare mental health condition known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy, a disorder when caregivers falsify or create symptoms of sickness in another person. (oxygen.com)
  • Munchausen syndrome (also known as factitious disorder) is a rare type of mental disorder in which a person fakes illness. (datalounge.com)
  • So much so that his mom, Cassie Steimlosk, was accused of medical child abuse - which is sometimes referred to as factitious disorder (formerly know as Munchausen by proxy. (scarymommy.com)
  • Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA), also known as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSbP) is a very serious form of child abuse. (uniroma1.it)
  • This type of disorder is called Munchausen syndrome. (pcmlifestyle.com)
  • Medical child abuse (MCA), formerly called Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSP or MSBP), occurs when a caregiver, usually the mother, falsifies or exaggerates symptoms resulting in harm to a child through inappropriate medical care. (bvsalud.org)
  • This is called Munchausen syndrome (also known as Factitious Disorder in the DSM-IV). (blogspot.com)
  • Actually, she did, "currently Bass's counselors have not diagnosed her with Munchausen syndrome and say they are primarily focused on treating her bipolar disorder , but add that her diagnostic review is not yet complete. (blogspot.com)
  • Factitious disorder imposed on another is the DSM-5 terminology for factitious disorder by proxy or Munchausen disorder by proxy. (arpcc.ro)
  • P143) The disorder is defined as someone who pretends to be sick and an extreme version of the disorder is called Munchausen syndrome, people fake illness and also self inflict harm for the act. (cuny.edu)
  • Unfortunately, these changes are not only positive: researchers have found a new syndrome named 'virtual factitious disorder' or 'Munchausen by internet' [32] . (researchgate.net)
  • Cases of Munchausen by Internet (as opposed to MSBP or Factitious Disorder imposed on another (FDIA) by Internet) were increasingly identified by online users in support groups for eating disorders, cancers and pregnancy, and have attracted the interest of researchers with roughly 24 case studies being reported in the literature (Lawlor 2018, 4). (researchgate.net)
  • Although people with factitious disorder know they are causing their symptoms or illnesses, they may not understand the reasons for their behaviors or recognize themselves as having a problem. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Because people with factitious disorder become experts at faking symptoms and diseases or inflicting real injuries upon themselves, it may be hard for health care professionals and loved ones to know if illnesses are real or not. (mayoclinic.org)
  • People with factitious disorder may be well aware of the risk of injury or even death as a result of self-harm or the treatment they seek, but they can't control their behaviors and they're unlikely to seek help. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Factitious disorder is distinct from malingering in that people with factitious disorder imposed on self do not fabricate symptoms for material gain such as financial compensation, absence from work, or access to drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • People with factitious disorder imposed on self repeatedly fake having a disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, unlike malingerers, people with factitious disorder are not motivated by external rewards (such as collecting insurance payments or getting time off from work). (msdmanuals.com)
  • People with factitious disorder imposed on self may report physical symptoms that suggest a particular disorder, such as chest pain that resembles a heart attack. (msdmanuals.com)
  • People with factitious disorder often go to extremes to create the appearance of illness. (mynursingessay.com)
  • Factitious disorder imposed on self refers to the psychiatric condition in which patients deliberately produce or falsify symptoms and/or signs of illness in themselves for the principle purpose of achieving emotional gratification. (medscape.com)
  • However, medical and psychiatric help are critical for preventing serious injury and even death caused by the self-harm typical of this disorder. (mayoclinic.org)
  • There is growing consensus in the pediatric community that this disorder should be renamed "medical abuse" to highlight the harm caused by the deception and to make it less likely that the sufferer can use a psychiatric defense when harm is done. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms are secondary to other psychiatric etiologies such as depressive disorder or anxiety disorders. (medscape.com)
  • The psychiatric assessment can differentiate conversion disorder from other somatoform disorders, factitious disorder, and malingering, and can elucidate the psychodynamics that are important in treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Most cases fall in the psychiatric diagnostic category of conversion disorder, also referred to as functional neurological symptom disorder. (orpha.net)
  • Depressive symptoms in pathomimia: Comorbidity or psychiatric factitious disorder? (brandenburg-wissenschaft.de)
  • However, there is a strong correlation between having FD and psychiatric symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
  • They also need psychiatric care to deal with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder that can happen with child abuse. (ufhealth.org)
  • All were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and held for an average of 19 days. (pcmlifestyle.com)
  • Münchhausen s syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a form of child abuse characterized by the primary caregiver of a minor simulating or fabricating symptoms in him/her of a physical, psychiatric type or both. (bvsalud.org)
  • They know her history, yet they truly believe that she has three serious psychiatric disorders. (blogspot.com)
  • Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA), termed a psychiatric "Factitious disorder by proxy", compels individuals to solicit unnecessary medical interventions or commit medical abuses on another, almost always a child in their care. (researchgate.net)
  • Underlying causes for PMD fall into three categories: Conversion disorder (also referred to as functional neurological symptom disorder), somatic symptom disorders, or, in rare cases, factitious disorder, and malingering. (orpha.net)
  • "Functional neurological symptom disorder" is a subtitle to conversion disorder because the term is more often used by neurologists who see the majority of patients receiving a conversion disorder diagnosis, and because the term is more acceptable to patients. (careershodh.com)
  • This disorder is distinct from hypochondriasis and other somatoform disorders in that those with the latter do not intentionally produce their somatic symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overview of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Somatic symptom and related disorders are mental health disorders characterized by an intense focus on physical (somatic) symptoms that causes significant distress and/or interferes with daily. (merckmanuals.com)
  • It can be difficult to distinguish disorders featuring somatic symptoms from "true" medical conditions. (mynursingessay.com)
  • The disorders include somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder and factitious disorder. (mccaod.com)
  • They are: factitious disorder (produce or feign physical symptoms), conversion disorder (they have a medically unexplained physical symptom that affects motor or sensory functioning), somatic symptom disorder ( become overly concerned with their bodily symptoms), illness anxiety disorder (preoccupation that they are seriously ill), and psychological factors affecting medical condition ( a psychological factor affects a person's general health). (mynursingessay.com)
  • Laboratory studies can be especially helpful in facilitating the diagnosis of many physical illnesses as factitious. (medscape.com)
  • Although individuals with unreal disorders grasp they're inflicting their symptoms or illnesses, they'll not understand the explanations for his or her behaviors or recognize themselves as having a problem. (usa-good.com)
  • In factitious disorder imposed on self, the affected person exaggerates or creates symptoms of illnesses in themselves to gain examination, treatment, attention, sympathy or comfort from medical personnel. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the healthcare provider finds no physical reason for the symptoms, they may refer the person to a psychiatrist or psychologist (mental health professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses). (wikipedia.org)
  • Factitious disorder consists of falsifying, inducing or aggravating illnesses in order to receive medical attention, regardless of whether they are ill or not. (journalofneuropsychiatry.cl)
  • This decision requires a deep understanding of different illnesses, their symptoms, and how they are diagnosed and treated. (familyinstructor.com)
  • Early versions of the DSM labeled these illnesses psychophysiological, or psychosomatic disorders. (mynursingessay.com)
  • We all agree with Tom's exhortation to the field that patients "deserve better" than using symptoms alone to treat these illnesses, and they "deserve better" than our current standard of knowledge about the brain and the causes and cures of mental illnesses. (medscape.com)
  • Factitious Disorder, where individuals feign or produce symptoms intentionally, poses unique challenges for diagnosis and management. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Factitious disorder is a serious disorder during which somebody deceives others by showing sick, by intentionally obtaining sick or by self-injury. (usa-good.com)
  • except that people (usually caregivers, typically a parent) intentionally falsify or produce physical or psychologic symptoms in a person in their care (usually a child who is unable to contradict the caregiver's falsehoods or tell how the caregiver caused injury). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Factitious disorder is a significant mental condition characterized by deliberate deception, where an individual feigns illness, induces sickness intentionally, or inflicts self-injury. (hoanmy.com)
  • Factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA) describes a condition in which an individual intentionally feigns physical or psychological signs or symptoms in another person with the intention of deceiving medical providers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some individuals with factitious disorder may intentionally ingest foreign objects as part of falsification of physical symptoms, and there is an element of deception that is consistent with deliberate intent to cause injury or disease. (psychdb.com)
  • Read this CME article to learn more about the warning signs, differential diagnosis, and management of factitious disorder. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Read the case of a patient with hypertensive crisis who underwent extensive workup before receiving a diagnosis of factitious disorder. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Clinicians should be aware that those presenting with symptoms (or persons reporting for that person) may exaggerate, and caution should be taken to ensure there is evidence for a diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The child typically has a history of frequent hospitalizations, usually for a variety of nonspecific symptoms, but no firm diagnosis was made. (merckmanuals.com)
  • It is important to remember that the diagnosis of conversion disorder is made based on the overall clinical picture and not a single clinical finding. (medscape.com)
  • Prenatal diagnosis does not exist for this disorder. (orpha.net)
  • According to a report by the Portland Press-Herald , it's coded under muscular dystrophy , a blanket diagnosis that deals with symptoms rather than cause. (scarymommy.com)
  • The first one is a 9-year-old boy with a history of convulsive episodes, reduced verbal production, mild psychomotor disorder and urological problems who underwent several invasive procedures and hospitalizations before a diagnosis of FDIA was made. (uniroma1.it)
  • It is always a potential that a diagnosis of hysterical disorder is a mistake and the patient's problem has an undetected organic cause. (mynursingessay.com)
  • To receive a diagnosis, a patient must have a range of ailments, including several pain symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, a sexual symptom, and a neurological symptom. (mynursingessay.com)
  • We were concerned that comments about how to move beyond some of our traditional, symptom-based methods of diagnosis -- which are, at the moment, the gold standard of science -- were widely misreported as NIMH changing its position on the newly revised DSM-5. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] Systematic reviews on this subject found the frequency of this finding at 21% among those with a conversion disorder and 29% among those with organic disease. (medscape.com)
  • The DSM-5 lists strict criteria for diagnosing conversion disorder. (medscape.com)
  • The neurologist and psychiatrist are thus prepared to diagnose conversion disorder best when working in concert. (medscape.com)
  • 1 And within psychiatry there is a similar hierarchy such that patients with 'hysteria' or conversion disorder (CD) are those found to be least satisfying to treat and are least liked by psychiatrists-the feeling is mutual of course. (bmj.com)
  • Diagnostic Criteria for Conversion Disorder. (careershodh.com)
  • But the occurrence of some identifiable stressor has not been a reliable sign of conversion disorder, since many other disorders are associated with stressful events and stressful events often occur in the lives of people without any disorders. (careershodh.com)
  • This disorder lasts much longer than a conversion disorder, typically for many years symptoms may fluctuate over time but rarely disappear completely without psychotherapy. (mynursingessay.com)
  • factitious disorder previously known as Munchausen's and Munchausen's by-proxy). (limeml.com.au)
  • Factitious disorder by proxy is when a person acts as if a person in their care has an illness when they do not. (pcmlifestyle.com)
  • The former name for this mental disorder was Munchausen's By Proxy syndrome, with the "by proxy" reflecting that the effects of the disorder (the unnecessary medical treatments) happen to someone other than the person who is suffering from it. (njcriminaldefensellc.com)
  • The diagnoses turned out to be factitious Disorder imposed on another, where the parent was responsible for the child's symptoms. (shareyrheart.com)
  • The child's symptoms can be real (the caregiver actually inflicts them) or made up. (scarymommy.com)
  • They can describe the child's symptoms in great medical detail. (ufhealth.org)
  • The child's symptoms are reported by the caretaker. (ufhealth.org)
  • It should be used "when the focus of clinical attention if the negative effects of parental relationship discord (e.g., high levels of conflict, distress, or disparagement) on a child in the family, including effects on the child's mental or other physical disorders. (arpcc.ro)
  • A history of sexual or physical abuse is not uncommon and can be seen in as many as one third to one half of patients with dissociative disorder, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Factitious disorder imposed on another: People with this disorder purposely create or fabricate symptoms of illness in others under their care. (usa-good.com)
  • Individuals may fabricate symptoms or manipulate medical tests to convince others of the necessity for intensive interventions, such as high-risk surgeries. (hoanmy.com)
  • Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Borderline personality disorder is a mental health condition that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, moods, and behavior and hypersensitivity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • She has been diagnosed throughout her life with schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder with histrionic traits, and minimal intellectual disability, polyconsumption (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine base paste, neoprene, and inhalants) since the age of 12. (journalofneuropsychiatry.cl)
  • Factitious disorder is a serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by purposely getting sick or by self-injury. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Symptoms are exclusively a function of somatoform disorder, factitious disorder, or malingering. (medscape.com)
  • The individual was eventually diagnosed with a somatoform disorder and received compensation. (limeml.com.au)
  • Somatoform disorder (SD) is defined as physical symptoms suggestive of a medical condition which are unexplained by an underlying disease or mental disorder. (medicolegal-partners.com)
  • Factitious disorder also can happen when family members or caregivers falsely present others, such as children, as being ill, injured or impaired. (mayoclinic.org)
  • This disorder can also manifest when caregivers or family members falsely portray others, such as children, as being unwell, injured, or impaired. (hoanmy.com)
  • Factitious disorder - sometimes called Munchausen's syndrome - is a condition in which a person acts as though they are physically or mentally ill when they are not. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Malingering is the intentional exaggeration and/or fabrication of symptoms and impairments for an external reward, such as to avoid work, receive compensation, receive welfare payments, and/or access restricted medications (e.g., dexamphetamine, Ritalin, Valium). (limeml.com.au)
  • It is a fallacy that someone with a factitious presentation cannot be malingering and vice versa. (limeml.com.au)
  • In my research I found that only 19% of fitness to stand trial reports commented on possible malingering and only 4% of reports used a standardised symptom validity test. (limeml.com.au)
  • More puzzling is a set of conditions called factitious disorders , which fall somewhere between malingering and conversion disorders. (careershodh.com)
  • The symptoms are under voluntary control, as with malingering, but there is no obvious reason for voluntarily producing the symptoms except, possibly, to assume the sick role and receive increased attention. (careershodh.com)
  • Although similar in presentation to factitious disorder and malingering, SD can be distinguished from these as the symptoms are not consciously produced. (medicolegal-partners.com)
  • Individuals with factitious disorder often present with symptoms that can be hard to distinguish from a true medical illness. (usa-good.com)
  • Pica can also be associated with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), most particularly in individuals with a strong sensory component to their presentation. (psychdb.com)
  • Depression , bipolar disorder and other mood disorders. (mccaod.com)
  • Lithium is used in the treatment of both manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder, as well as in unipolar depressive disorder to prevent future depressive episodes. (medscape.com)
  • Even when an actual medical or psychological condition exists, they may exaggerate symptoms to appear sicker or more impaired than is true. (mayoclinic.org)
  • People with factitious disorders deliberately create or exaggerate symptoms of an illness in several ways. (pcmlifestyle.com)
  • PURPOSE: Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) was recently characterized in the DSM-5 classification. (bvsalud.org)
  • OCD stands for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, which is a common but lesser known anxiety disorder. (epainassist.com)
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Types and Social Media: Are Social Media Important and Impactful for OCD People? (researchgate.net)
  • A. Falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with identified deception. (careershodh.com)
  • Patients with this condition often are dramatic and provide false and/or exaggerated symptoms or information. (nih.gov)
  • Symptoms may be dramatic and convincing. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Patients often describe their symptoms in dramatic and exaggerated terms. (mynursingessay.com)
  • A psychosocial conflict or need is converted into dramatic physical symptoms that affect voluntary or sensory functioning. (mynursingessay.com)
  • Factitious disorder is a form of feigned illness in which the patient provides false information and behaves deceptively but has no other incentive for the behavior other than to be a patient and experience the sick role. (psychiatrist.com)
  • If you've been unjustly accused of factitious disorder child abuse, Joseph D. Lento and the Lento Law Firm Criminal Defense Team will do everything in their power to help you fight these allegations and clear your name. (njcriminaldefensellc.com)
  • Doctors diagnose the disorder after excluding other disorders and after discovering evidence that symptoms have been faked. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Healthcare professionals often have challenges to diagnose and treating the disorder. (bvsalud.org)
  • Meanwhile, the diagnostic manual remains the best tool to guide clinicians on how to diagnose disorders and treat patients. (medscape.com)
  • Due to the behaviors involved, diagnosing factitious disorder is very difficult. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thorough preparation is necessary for anyone trying to fake a mental illness and typically involves not only understanding the specific symptoms and behaviors associated with the illness but also how to demonstrate them convincingly. (familyinstructor.com)
  • Cognitive impairments might be easier to fake than physical ones, as they often rely more on self-reported symptoms and behaviors. (familyinstructor.com)
  • This step involves studying the specific symptoms, treatments, and typical behaviors associated with the chosen illness. (familyinstructor.com)
  • Factitious disorder imposed on self: This type of disorder includes the creation of fake psychological or physical signs or symptoms. (usa-good.com)
  • unreal disorder can also happen once relations or caregivers incorrectly give others, equivalent to children, as being ill, disabled or impaired. (usa-good.com)
  • She presents a clinical picture with depressive and chronic psychotic symptoms difficult to management and multiple pharmacological schemes associated with multiple attempts at self-harm. (journalofneuropsychiatry.cl)
  • Six patients who screened positive for alcohol use disorder (AUD) received semaglutide for. (psychiatrist.com)
  • It is a condition that is associated with severe emotional difficulties and the likelihood of patients harming themselves by continuing to produce more symptoms. (usa-good.com)
  • At tertiary care centers, 2-4% of movement disorders patients are diagnosed with PMD. (orpha.net)
  • When going forth to deal with the disorder, patients can have several perceptions and worries, which can be unreasonable. (epainassist.com)
  • Many patients with panic disorder have experienced severe terror in an incident and are fearful. (mccaod.com)
  • Furthermore, patients with a history of trauma report higher levels of pain, more accompanying symptoms and a higher use of analgesics. (medicolegal-partners.com)
  • These patients pretend to have online disorders to gain attention, gather sympathy, display anger, or control others with different motivations and consciousness [33]. (researchgate.net)
  • In patients beginning lithium pharmacotherapy, levels are typically checked twice weekly until serum lithium levels and patient symptoms are stable. (medscape.com)
  • Risk factors for developing factitious disorder may include childhood traumas, growing up with parents/caretakers who were emotionally unavailable due to illness or emotional problems, a serious illness as a child, failed aspirations to work in the medical field, personality disorders, and low self-esteem. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, compulsive lying is a feature of several other conditions, such as factitious disorder and personality disorders. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • These personality disorders can lead to significant challenges with interpersonal relationships. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It is often closely associated with comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse and personality disorders. (medicolegal-partners.com)
  • The sad effects of this disorder - the unnecessary procedures or treatments - happen to the child. (njcriminaldefensellc.com)
  • People with the disorder go to great lengths to hide their deception, so it may be difficult to realize that their symptoms are actually part of a serious mental health disorder. (mayoclinic.org)
  • People with factitious disorders often go to great lengths to create a convincing story of physical or mental illness, such as making up medical histories and detailed symptoms. (usa-good.com)
  • People with this disorder not only go to great lengths to produce signs and symptoms, but they also go to great lengths to conceal the their deception, especially when exposed as frauds, "A week after getting exposed, Bass pulled down her Facebook account, changed her phone number and disappeared. (blogspot.com)
  • If they have a disorder, they exaggerate or lie about the symptoms, pretending that they are sicker or more impaired than they are. (msdmanuals.com)
  • There is often an overlap with other somatoform disorders, so the existence of a purely pain-related syndrome is sometimes debated. (medicolegal-partners.com)
  • Many studies have reported a connection between multiple adverse events in childhood and the later development of potentially somatoform disorders, such as complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia. (medicolegal-partners.com)
  • Eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances can occur during the course of other mental disorders (e.g. - autism spectrum disorder , schizophrenia , Kleine-Levin syndrome ). (psychdb.com)
  • Once the person's history has been thoroughly evaluated, diagnosing factitious disorder imposed on self requires a clinical assessment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self Factitious disorder is pretending to have or producing physical or psychologic symptoms for no apparent external reason. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Our expert editors curate content that sheds light on the complexities of Factitious Disorder, ensuring psychiatrists are equipped to navigate the challenges it presents. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Discriminating between each of the above is notoriously difficult and requires an advanced, nuanced understanding of the complexities to symptom assessment. (limeml.com.au)
  • Conversion disorders provide some of the most intriguing, sometimes astounding, examples of psychopathology. (careershodh.com)
  • A systematic review on factitious disorders: psychopathology and diagnostic classification. (uninsubria.it)
  • One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function. (medscape.com)