• PEPCKs have been generally classified according to their nucleotide specificities: enzymes from bacteria, yeast, and plants mainly use adenosine nucleotides, but enzymes from a variety of eukaryotes and mammals use guanosine or inosine phosphates ( 24 ). (asm.org)
  • Broad in-silico modeling of microbial growth was applied on communities composed of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and different Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) species, which mainly predominate in sourdough starters. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lb. sakei group members and S. cerevisiae through bidirectional nutrient dependencies, and further underlined that these bacteria compete with the yeast over nutrients to a lesser extent than the rest LAB species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Instead we identified several expanded groups of short chromatophore-targeted orphan proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, LC-MS/MS approaches have also been applied to the identification of proteins and proteotypic peptides of lactic acid bacteria in fermented food matrices. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. (wikipedia.org)
  • MALDI-TOF MS proved to be useful for the detection/identification of bacteria in clinical diagnostics and agri-food applications. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the body, compound sugars are hydrolysed into simple sugars. (wikipedia.org)
  • Honey and fruits are abundant natural sources of simple sugars. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) fermentation can be a simple technology to increase the content of phenolic compounds, as well as the antioxidant activity of plant material. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sucrose is especially concentrated in sugarcane and sugar beet, making them ideal for efficient commercial extraction to make refined sugar. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we developed an innovative nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS-based methodology for profiling lactic acid bacteria in commercial and artisanal milk kefir products as well as in kefir grains at the genus, species and subspecies level. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sugars are found in the tissues of most plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lactose is the only sugar that cannot be extracted from plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Members of one of these groups are characterized by a single transmembrane helix, and others contain amphipathic helices. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lb. sakei group members were predicted to have an optimal effect considering the increase in S. cerevisiae growth abilities and overall CO2 secretion rates. (bvsalud.org)
  • A cheap source of sugar is corn syrup, industrially produced by converting corn starch into sugars, such as maltose, fructose and glucose. (wikipedia.org)
  • To identify the linkage created by the FucT of B. fragilis, we elucidated the full structure of its nine-sugar O-glycan and found that l-fucose is linked ß1,4 to glucose. (bvsalud.org)
  • It can be used as an immediate food nutrient, or combined and rearranged to form monosaccharide sugars, such as glucose , which can be transported to other cells, or packaged for storage as insoluble polysaccharides such as starch . (wikidoc.org)
  • White sugar is a refined form of sucrose. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sucrose is especially concentrated in sugarcane and sugar beet, making them ideal for efficient commercial extraction to make refined sugar. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the Light-independent or dark reactions the enzyme RuBisCO captures CO 2 from the atmosphere and in a process that requires the newly formed NADPH, called the Calvin-Benson cycle releases three-carbon sugars which are later combined to form sucrose and starch. (wikidoc.org)
  • Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. (wikipedia.org)
  • The four major groups of biomolecules include amino acids and proteins , carbohydrates (especially, polysaccharides ), lipids , and nucleic acids . (biologyonline.com)
  • However, the mechanism by which BBR affects intestinal bacteria and immunity is still unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • A carbohydrate refers to any of the group of organic compound s consisting of carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen , usually in the ratio of 1:2:1, hence the general formula: C n (H 2 O) n . (biologyonline.com)
  • any of the group of organic compounds consisting of carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen , usually in the ratio of 1:2:1, hence the general formula: C n (H 2 O) n . (biologyonline.com)
  • In essence, they are organic compound s that are aldehydes or ketone s with many hydroxyl groups added, usually on each carbon atom not part of the aldehyde or ketone functional group . (biologyonline.com)
  • Photosynthesis fixes carbon in the leaves to make sugars as the primary transportable form of energy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to their essential roles as substrates in carbon and energy metabolism, sugars also play an important role in signal transduction [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sugars are found in the tissues of most plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stored sugars are then transported from leaves (source tissue) to the other plant parts (sink tissue) such as roots, modified leaves, and reproductive tissues (seeds). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fungal diversity is globally estimated to 1.5 million species and consists of an incredibly diverse group of organisms. (intechopen.com)
  • SWEET ( MtN3_saliva ) domain proteins, a recently identified group of efflux transporters, play an indispensable role in sugar efflux, phloem loading, plant-pathogen interaction and reproductive tissue development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chief organic sources of nitrogen are protein, peptide or an amino acid certain groups of fungi show specializations in respect of certain nitrogen sources For example, the Saprolegniaceae and Blastocladiales include a number of species which grow only with organic nitrogen such as amino acid. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • This suggests that only hexoses or their conversion products are transported from the vegetative mycelium to the fruiting body, while the other sugars likely provide energy for growth and maintenance of the vegetative mycelium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The human body is host to this complex community of symbiotic, pathogenic and commensal microorganisms (microbiome), whose abundance is estimated to exceed the number of human cells by at least an order of magnitude [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is a complex process occurring in higher plants , phytoplankton , algae , as well as bacteria such as cyanobacteria . (wikidoc.org)
  • Pre-biotics- Inulin IQ FOS (Fructooligosaccharides)- one of the best-known pre-biotics, FOS is known to support the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. (nwcnaturals.com)
  • Even after refined sugarcane became more widely available during the European colonial era, palm sugar was preferred in Java and other sugar producing parts of southeast Asia, and along with coconut sugar, is still used locally to make desserts today. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sugar remained relatively unimportant until the Indians discovered methods of turning sugarcane juice into granulated crystals that were easier to store and to transport. (wikipedia.org)
  • Traveling Buddhist monks took sugar crystallization methods to China. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the reign of Harsha (r. 606-647) in North India, Indian envoys in Tang China taught methods of cultivating sugarcane after Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626-649) made known his interest in sugar. (wikipedia.org)
  • METHODS: This study investigated the effects of BBR on intestinal bacteria and the inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: Thirty B. fragilis group isolates were tested against six antibiotics, frequently used as empirical therapy for anaerobic infections including metronidazole, clindamycin, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, and chloramphenicol. (bvsalud.org)
  • L. Tatum and J. Lederberg first reported some preliminary experiments on genetic recombination in Esch- erichia coli K-12 (1946), This report will review subsequent developments in this research, with special emphasis on the application of recom- bination analysis in bacteria to problems of general genetic interest. (nih.gov)
  • Microflora analysis was used to screen for bacteria regulated by BBR. (bvsalud.org)
  • As free sugar consumption grew in the latter part of the 20th century, researchers began to examine whether a diet high in free sugar, especially refined sugar, was damaging to human health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some other chemical substances, such as ethylene glycol, glycerol and sugar alcohols, may have a sweet taste but are not classified as sugar. (wikipedia.org)