Switchgrass with reduced lignin content. Medical search. Frequent questions

describe the composition and saccharification dynamics of S. viridis aboveground biomass as similar to sorghum, maize, and switchgrass, confirming its potential as model species for panicoid translational genomics. (frontiersin.org)
Improved glucan saccharification efficiencies from transgenic lines before and after heat treatment could reduce both the economic and environmental costs associated with ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. (biomedcentral.com)
Modification of cell wall composition for reduced recalcitrance can lower the costs of deconstructing biomass to fermentable sugars and other intermediates. (bvsalud.org)
The focus of this proposal is to identify and characterize new genes controlling feruloylation in grasses, as well as new genes that are responsible for the assembly of lignin into the cell wall and for biomass conversion. (energy.gov)
The robustness of the catalyst enables direct conversion of wet ethanol, which greatly simplifies the process, reduces the cost of ethanol purification and makes hydrocarbon blendstock production costs competitive based on the analysis," said Zhenglong Li, staff scientist for biomass catalysis at ORNL and a collaborator on the project. (ornl.gov)
The sustainability of bio-derived ethanol, now mostly produced from corn in the United States but with some now being made from corn stover and eventually dedicated biomass feedstocks like switchgrass, carries through with the catalytic process," said Brian Davison, chief science officer for DOE's Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI) at ORNL and a collaborator on the project. (ornl.gov)
Lignin is a primary contributor to biomass recalcitrance as it protects cell wall polysaccharides from degradation and can inhibit hydrolytic enzymes via non-productive adsorption. (biomedcentral.com)
Several genetic engineering strategies have been proposed and implemented in crops to reduce lignin content or modify the monomeric composition toward reducing biomass recalcitrance [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
There are European standards for biomass pellets and raw material classification (EN 14961-1, EN 14961-2 and EN 14961-6) and international ISO standards under development (ISO/DIS 17225-1, ISO/DIS 17225-2 and ISO/DIS 17225-6). (bioenergyconsult.com)
Before feeding biomass to pellet mills, the biomass should be reduced to small particles of the order of not more than 3mm. (bioenergyconsult.com)
High temperature causes the lignin and resins present in biomass to soften which acts as a binding agent between the biomass fibers. (bioenergyconsult.com)
The rate of production and electrical energy used in the pelletization of biomass are strongly correlated to the raw material type and processing conditions such as moisture content and feed size. (bioenergyconsult.com)
Cellulosic ethanol can be produced from a wide variety of cellulosic biomass feedstocks including agricultural plant wastes (corn stover, cereal straws, sugarcane bagasse), plant wastes from industrial processes (sawdust, paper pulp) and energy crops grown specifically for fuel production, such as switchgrass. (copperwiki.org)
Cellulosic biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, with smaller amounts of proteins, lipids (fats, waxes and oils) and ash. (copperwiki.org)
Biomass consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and the latter of which is extremely resistant to degradation. (banksolar.ru)
One approach to un-locking the potential in this abundant feedstock is to separate the lignin from the carbohydrate fraction of the biomass via extensive pre-treatment of the lignocellulose involving, for exam-ple, steam-explosion and/or acid hydrolysis. (banksolar.ru)
These pre-treatments are designed to allow the carbohydrate portion of the biomass to be broken down into simple sugars, for example by en-zymatic hydrolysis using exogenously added cellulases to release fermentable sugars [ 12 ]. (banksolar.ru)
The magic key for turning all three components-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin-of lignocellulosic (non-edible) biomass into distinct high-value products is gamma valerolactone (GVL), a solvent that is derived from plant material and has several highly appealing properties. (wisc.edu)
Pulp and paper mills can turn two currently unused biomass fractions-hemicellulose and lignin-into commercial products, in addition to making paper from cellulose. (wisc.edu)
Cellulosic biofuels are a type of renewable biofuel derived from the cellulose content of non-food biomass materials, such as agricultural residues, dedicated energy crops, and forestry residues. (exaputra.com)
They utilize non-food biomass feedstocks, reducing the potential conflict between food and fuel production. (exaputra.com)
Cellulosic biofuels enable the use of abundant non-food biomass sources, such as agricultural residues (e.g., corn stover, wheat straw), dedicated energy crops (e.g., switchgrass, miscanthus), and forest biomass, minimizing the competition with food production. (exaputra.com)
Cellulosic biofuels provide a valuable opportunity to utilize agricultural residues and other biomass waste streams, reducing the need for disposal and potential environmental impacts. (exaputra.com)
Lignocellulosic biomass-a category that includes plant matter such as corn stover and switchgrass-serves as the feedstock to create biofuels, as well as bioproducts currently made from petrochemicals. (canadianbiomassmagazine.ca)
Plants are protected by a complex cell wall and, inside that, polymers of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin-each of which poses its own challenges that must be overcome for the biomass to be "deconstructed. (canadianbiomassmagazine.ca)
The process normally used to deconstruct biomass, called simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, works like this: The feedstock is pretreated with heat and chemicals to separate and remove lignin and/or hemicellulose components. (canadianbiomassmagazine.ca)
In the industrial biomass world, to access the cellulose and hemicellulose behind the lignin, plant biomass typically has to undergo pre-treatment. (ucsb.edu)
So the fact that these fungi could grow on non-pretreated plant biomass was always a feature that was unique and unusual, and we hypothesized that they must have a way of moving the lignin around. (ucsb.edu)
These three types of biomass were chosen for the various ways lignin presents itself in nature, from the flexible stems and leaves of the grasses to the more rigid wood of poplar. (ucsb.edu)
121. Razar R, Qi P, Devos KM, Missaoui A (2022) Genotyping-by-sequencing and QTL mapping of biomass yield in two switchgrass F1 populations (Lowland x Coastal and Coastal x Upland). (uga.edu)
116. Chen F, Zhuo C, Xiao, X, Pendergast TH, Devos KM (2021) A rapid thioacidolysis method for biomass lignin composition and tricin analysis. (uga.edu)
One of the biggest challenges in breaking down biomass into useful chemicals suitable for making biofuels is finding ways to selectively depolymerise lignocellulosic biomass into its monomers: glucose, xylose and lignin. (chemistryworld.com)
Now, Seema Singh and colleagues at the Joint BioEnergy Institute and other US institutions have developed a closed-loop system that could potentially reduce the cost and environmental impact of making ionic liquids suitable for biomass processing. (chemistryworld.com)
They then used these ionic liquids to pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass from switchgrass. (chemistryworld.com)
Biomass is a kind of material different from other materials as it contains a material - lignin , which can be softened at high temperature and pressure conditions and form as a kind of binder . (briquettesolution.com)
Follow this way, it helps us to solve the problem on briquette making process which means we can briquette our biomass without binder, thus reduces our cost on the binder and also makes our briquette environmentally friendly. (briquettesolution.com)

Popular sources of lignocellulose include both agricultural waste products (e.g. corn stover or wood chips) and grasses like switchgrass and miscanthus species. (wikipedia.org)
These materials were also blended with either corn stover or switchgrass at 80% herbaceous material and 20% MSW material. (confex.com)
We have demonstrated that it works on corn stover, switchgrass, hardwood trees like white birch and poplar, and softwood trees like loblolly pine. (wisc.edu)
Waste and residue wood products such as sawdust, branches, and treetops as well as corn stover, wheat straw and bagasse from sugarcane production all contain lignocellulose that can be reduced to compounds from which value can be extracted. (neste.com)
MacLean, H. L. Life Cycle Assessment of Switchgrass- and Corn Stover-Derived Ethanol-Fueled Automobiles. (datapdf.com)

Cellulosic ethanol is a type of biofuel produced from lignocellulose, a structural material that comprises much of the mass of plants and is composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. (wikipedia.org)
Cellulose bundles are embedded within a complex matrix of hemicellulose and lignin, and pretreatment is necessary to allow access to the carbohydrates of the cell wall. (biomedcentral.com)
The walls of plant cells are made up of three molecules: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. (hudsonalpha.org)
The most abundant organic material on Earth, lignocellulose is composed of three tightly bound substances: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. (neste.com)

provide an excellent overview of the potential of five C4 grasses from the Panicoideae clade (maize, Miscanthus , sorghum, sugarcane, and switchgrass) as lignocellulosic feedstock for the production of biofuels. (frontiersin.org)
A research presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Plant Biologists in Chicago pointed out that miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus) grass is a more productive bio-energy source than switchgrass. (copperwiki.org)
Other options, such as switchgrass and Miscanthus , can be grown on land not suitable for food crops. (neste.com)

By contrast, starch ethanol (e.g., from corn), which most frequently uses natural gas to provide energy for the process, may not reduce greenhouse gas emissions at all depending on how the starch-based feedstock is produced. (wikipedia.org)
Municipal solid waste (MSW) represents an attractive feedstock with year-round availability, an established collection infrastructure paid for by waste generators, low cost and the potential to be blended with higher cost feedstocks to reduce overall feedstock costs. (confex.com)
Compared to primary sources, CNF extracted from lignocellulosic wastes reduces the feedstock cost without causing an extension to agriculture and associated emissions. (mdpi.com)
The fuel produced from switchgrass feedstock -- the raw material used to produce a distilled fuel -- is cellulosic ethanol . (howstuffworks.com)

An improved understanding of the lignin aggregates will aid scientists in efforts to design a more effective pretreatment process, which in turn could lower the cost of biofuels. (sciencedaily.com)
Since biofuels emit less carbon dioxide than conventional fuels they can be blended with existing fuels as an effective way of reducing carbon dioxide emissions in transportation. (hudsonalpha.org)
Although lignin is a potential source of valuable aromatic chemicals, its recalcitrance to chemical or biological digestion presents major obstacles to both the production of second-generation biofuels and the generation of valuable coproducts from lignin's monoaromatic units. (jbei.org)
Written by Brian Tokar Tuesday, 14 November 2006 You can hardly open up a major newspaper or national magazine these days without encountering the latest hype about biofuels, and how they're going to save oil, reduce pollution and prevent climate change. (rainforest-rescue.org)
Furthermore, cellulosic biofuels can provide economic benefits by creating new markets for agricultural and forestry residues, stimulating rural development, and reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels. (exaputra.com)
One of the most abundant terrestrial polymers on Earth, lignin surrounds valuable plant fibers and other molecules that could be converted into biofuels and other commodity chemicals - if we could only get past that rigid plant cell wall. (ucsb.edu)

Perennial growth habit provides a number of environmental advantages over annuals as bioenergy crops, including the requirement of less fertilizer, reduced soil erosion, and even the potential for soil carbon sequestration. (frontiersin.org)
Schwartz and Amasino (2013) review the importance of the ability of perennial crops to recycle nitrogen, reducing the need for energy intensive N fertilizer, and the subsequent production of potent NO x greenhouse gases. (frontiersin.org)
The identification of these genes in Brachypodium will serve as a handle for gene discovery in important biofuel crops, such as switchgrass. (energy.gov)
These crops also help to eliminate supply scarcity and reduce greenhouse gases and dirty emissions . (copperwiki.org)
Lignocellulosic crops like poplar and switchgrass , which can be grown on land less suitable for farming than traditional row crops. (copperwiki.org)
On the other hand, ethanol can be produced domestically from crops, reducing the nation's reliance on foreign oil and boosting energy security. (khaitanbioenergy.com)

The activation of Tn CelB by a post-harvest heat treatment resulted in enhanced saccharification efficiencies of transgenic poplar lines with moderate Tn CelB expression and without alteration of cellulose and lignin when not heat-treated. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, expression of bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB) in poplar trees resulted in a reduction in lignin due to redirection of metabolic flux toward 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate at the expense of lignin. (biomedcentral.com)
The heterologous expression of QsuB in hybrid poplar successfully reduced lignin by up to 30% in woody tissues, but also resulted in the accumulation of a wide range of readily extractable metabolites that are derived from DHB [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tom Lankiewicz, the study's lead author, cultivated some of these fungi on poplar, sorghum and switchgrass in an oxygen-free environment. (ucsb.edu)
So we're using poplar and switchgrass, just two grasses from the prairies, and the poplars are from all over the world. (cid-inc.com)

Lignin clumps can inhibit the conversion of biofuel feedstocks -- for example, switchgrass -- into ethanol, a renewable substitute for gasoline. (sciencedaily.com)
In order to access the sugars to make biofuel, the fibrous lignin must be broken apart. (hudsonalpha.org)

and valuable bioproducts, including chemical feedstocks, made from the lignin residue after bioprocessing. (ornl.gov)

The paper is titled "Production and extraction of sugars from switchgrass hydrolyzed in ionic liquids. (designworldonline.com)
FAEA expression was shown to impact cell wall hydrolysis, resulting in increased yield of reducing sugars by cellulase treatment as well as increased digestibility. (energy.gov)
When enzymes are used to release plant sugars necessary for ethanol production, the lignin aggregates bind to the enzymes and reduce the efficiency of the conversion. (sciencedaily.com)

NOV1 cleaves a wide range of stilbene-like compounds with a 4′-OH group, offering potential in processing some solubilized fragments of lignin into monomer aromatic compounds. (jbei.org)
Lignin is an aromatic polyether that provides plant cell wall rigidity, improves its mechanical strength, and protects cellulose and hemicelluloses from chemical and biological attack. (ncsu.edu)
Among these, lignin is expected to have useful applications as a plastic material due to the aromatic rings, aliphatic hydroxy groups, and aromatic hydroxy groups contained therein. (epo.org)
The researchers made their ionic liquids using furfural, vanillin and p -anisaldehyde, which are aromatic aldehydes derived from lignin and cellulose. (chemistryworld.com)

The C&D wastes had the highest level of lignin derived compounds (phenolic and cyclics) while the paper waste had higher levels of carbohydrate derived compounds (aldehydes, organic acids, ketones, alcohols and sugar derived). (confex.com)

The paper and yard wastes had significantly higher levels of ash content than the C&D wastes (14-15% versus 0.5-1.3%) which further correlated to higher levels of alkali and alkaline earth metals which are known to reduce pyrolysis bio-oil yields. (confex.com)

Cellulosic ethanol can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 85% over reformulated gasoline. (wikipedia.org)
These engineering strategies demonstrated low lignin content, low ferulic acid esters, and increased saccharification yield during greenhouse studies in switchgrass and other plant species. (bvsalud.org)
Less irrigation and less fertilizer, then, means reduced energy input, which in turn means less cost and fewer greenhouse gas emissions. (howstuffworks.com)
Additionally, they have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels since they are derived from plant matter that absorbs carbon dioxide during growth. (exaputra.com)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising perennial bioenergy crop that achieves high yields with relatively low nutrient and energy inputs. (bvsalud.org)
122. Johnson AC, Pendergast TH IV, Chaluvadi S, Bennetzen JL, Devos KM (2022) Identification of microRNAs responsive to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Panicum virgatum (switchgrass). (uga.edu)
110. Bahri BA, Daverdin G, Xu X, Cheng J-F, Barry, KW, Brummer EC, Missaoui A, Devos KM (2020) Natural variation in lignin and pectin biosynthesis-related genes in switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) and association of SNP variants with dry matter traits. (uga.edu)

We're then able to separate the pretreatment solution into two phases, a sugar-rich water phase for recovery and a lignin-rich ionic liquid phase for recycling. (designworldonline.com)
Complete separation of the pretreatment solution into sugar-rich water and lignin-rich ionic liquid phases was attained with the addition to the solution of sodium hydroxide. (designworldonline.com)

Obj.3 We will characterize a number of these mutants in detail for cell wall properties (e.g., ferulates, sugar composition, lignin content and patterning, degradability, and mechanical properties) and basic genetics (confirm heritability, complementation analysis). (energy.gov)
Several engineering strategies have been designed to reduce lignin or modify its monomeric composition. (biomedcentral.com)
0001] The present invention relates to a modified lignin, a method for producing a modified polyphenol, and a resin composition material using the modified lignin. (epo.org)
0008] Under the circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a modified lignin that has an enhanced reactivity with an existing plastic material, a method for producing a modified polyphenol, and a modified lignin-containing resin composition material that is capable of providing a molded article having an enhanced properties, such as an enhanced flexural strength. (epo.org)

Switchgrass is a n-ative perennial species to the Americas. (howstuffworks.com)

An interesting focus is on the importance of photoperiodic flowering and dormancy in switchgrass and the relevance of these traits to N recycling and genetic variation that contributes to these dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
Mapping Switchgrass Traits with Common Gardens The combination of field data and genetic information has allowed researchers to associate climate adaptations with switchgrass biology. (doe.gov)

Researchers have revealed the surface structure of lignin aggregates down to 1 angstrom -- the equivalent of a 10 billionth of a meter or smaller than the width of a carbon atom. (sciencedaily.com)
But the more researchers crunch the numbers on switchgrass, the more it looks like a good candidate for an alternative fuel source. (howstuffworks.com)
While this research proves that lignin can be broken down by fungi in oxygen-free environments, the next challenge for the researchers is to find out exactly how. (ucsb.edu)

The furfural and p -anisaldehyde derived ionic liquids performed best with both providing 90-95% glucose and 70-75% xylose yields from switchgrass after 72 hours incubation with digestive enzymes. (chemistryworld.com)

However, agricultural residues do not contain much resins or lignin, and so a stabilizing agent needs to be added in this case. (bioenergyconsult.com)

We've combined neutron scattering experiments with large-scale simulations on ORNL's main supercomputer to reveal that pretreated softwood lignin aggregates are characterized by a highly folded surface," said Smith, who directs ORNL's Center for Molecular Biophysics and holds a Governor's Chair at University of Tennessee. (sciencedaily.com)

By eliminating the need for enzymes and decreasing the water consumption requirements of more traditional ionic liquid pretreatments we should be able to reduce the costs of sugar production from lignocellulose. (designworldonline.com)
Biological cleavage of lignin has been well characterized in fungi, in which enzymes that create free radical intermediates are used to degrade this material. (jbei.org)
Additionally, she said, lignin has properties that make the plant resistant to physical degradation by enzymes and pathogens. (ucsb.edu)

However, the paper material had higher amounts of lignin derived compounds than expected based upon lignin content that is likely due to the presence of polyphenolic resins used in paper processing. (confex.com)

Our growing fuel needs compounded with the risks and limitations of fossil fuels have led to a renewable energy movement aimed at reducing the production and use of fossil fuels in favor of cleaner, more sustainable fuel sources. (hudsonalpha.org)
Desalination of seawater is considered a renewable source of water, although reducing its dependence on fossil fuel energy is needed for it to be fully renewable. (wikipedia.org)

Scientists at the University of Tennessee, who are co-authors on the study, demonstrated that lignin can also be used to make battery anodes, traditionally made from more expensive graphite. (wisc.edu)

Reduced lignin content and S (syringyl lignin)/G (guaiacyl lignin) (S/G) ratio alteration to reduce cell wall recalcitrance and improve bioethanol production. (eu-sage.eu)

The utilization of ethanol from sugarcane, broken rice, and other agricultural produce is to assist the third-largest oil-importing country in reducing its dependence on crude oil shipments. (khaitanbioenergy.com)

AdhE loss of function could mitigate ethanol stress by reducing intracellular levels of ethanol and its highly toxic precursor, acetaldehyde. (researchgate.net)

However, the lignin is a fibrous molecule that binds all of the molecules together in a compact structure, giving the plant the structural support needed to survive. (hudsonalpha.org)
If CelA binds to lignin, it's just stuck there. (canadianbiomassmagazine.ca)

Downregulation of MigPSY gene expression reduces root galling and egg production, suggesting that the MigPSYs serve as nematode virulence factors. (bvsalud.org)
Lignin, a major component of plant cell walls, aggregates to form clumps, which cause problems during the production of cellulosic ethanol. (sciencedaily.com)
Production of an odor-reducing, low-dust, clumping cat litter from soybean hulls and soybean hull biochar. (usda.gov)
Continued research and development efforts are needed to improve conversion efficiencies, reduce costs, and optimize production processes. (exaputra.com)
0005] PTL 3 describes a phenol-modified lignin resin and the like improved in resin strength through enhancement of the curability by a production method of reacting lignin with a phenol compound and an aldehyde compound in the presence of an acid. (epo.org)

Monoculture is a method of growing only one crop at a time in a given field, which can damage land and cause it to become either unusable or suffer from reduced yields . (wikipedia.org)

Accordingly, for making lignin favorable as a plastic material, techniques for performing suitable purification of lignin, modification thereof, and applications of the modified lignin have been studied. (epo.org)

In the procedure of fermentation of molasses is significant to use Heat Resistant Device, the yeast cerevisiae where they are large heat generation process in which estimates of 34-37 °C. When the temperature above 44 °C the manufacture of ethanol will reduce and increase the residual sugar content according to (Laluce et al. (freedissertation.com)
The running piston makes a high temperature which softens lignin and gets the briquette made. (briquettesolution.com)

Because of their origins, fossil fuels have a high carbon content, meaning they produce a lot of energy when they are burned. (hudsonalpha.org)
Read the next page to find out about the sunny forecast for switchgrass as an answer to the impending energy crisis. (howstuffworks.com)
Butanol has higher energy content per gallon than many first generation bio-fuels. (copperwiki.org)
You can think of lignin as kind of a skeletal system for plants," said O'Malley, whose research focuses on finding and accessing alternate sources of energy and chemicals from what would otherwise be considered plant waste. (ucsb.edu)
High moisture content will pose problems in grinding and excessive energy is required for drying. (briquettesolution.com)

Car manufacturers can convert plant-derived lignin into carbon foam and fibers-avoiding the sulfur smell that reduces the appeal of lignin derived from other sources. (wisc.edu)

We have engineered overexpression of OsAT10, encoding a rice BAHD acyltransferase and QsuB, encoding dehydroshikimate dehydratase from Corynebacterium glutamicum, to enhance saccharification efficiency in switchgrass. (bvsalud.org)
Pellets are extremely dense and can be produced with a low moisture content that allows them to be burned with very high combustion efficiency. (bioenergyconsult.com)

Lignin is a major component of secondary cell walls and contributes to the recalcitrance problem during fermentation. (eu-sage.eu)

Lignin, which acts like a glue that holds plant material together, poses a big problem. (canadianbiomassmagazine.ca)
However, lignin is less biodegradable, is substantially not dissolved in a solvent, is poor in handleability due to the high softening point thereof, and is poor in reactivity with the existing plastic materials, and therefore substantially no application of lignin as a plastic material has been found out. (epo.org)
0003] For example, PTL 1 describes techniques relating to a modified lignin imparted with reactivity through introduction of a benzoxazine skeleton to lignin without decreasing the molecular weight of lignin, and a molding material enhancing the mechanical strength and the like of a molded article with the modified lignin contained therein. (epo.org)
0007] According to the related art, the curing reactivity of a material containing lignin can be enhanced to a certain extent. (epo.org)

What's more, switchgrass proponents say that fuel produced from the plant would make the United States more secure and independent, since it could be grown in America rather than imported from other nations. (howstuffworks.com)

We've never had to extract the lignin out of there because the fungi we work with are just happy to extract the cellulose and hemicellulose on their own," she said. (ucsb.edu)

Precision spraying of postemergence herbicides according to the herbicide weed control spectrum can substantially reduce herbicide input. (biomedcentral.com)

The fuels are particularly attractive to help reduce net carbon emissions in heavy-duty engines such as those in aircraft, ships and large commercial vehicles where electrification is challenging. (ornl.gov)

A fast-growing grass known as switchgrass can be found around the United States, Canada, Central and South America, and parts of Africa. (howstuffworks.com)

Lignin is a compound found in wood. (cid-inc.com)

105. Odonkor S, Choi S, Chakraborty D, Martinez-Bello L, Wang X, Bahri BA, Tenaillon MI, Panaud O, Devos KM (2018) QTL mapping combined with comparative analyses identified genes for reduced shattering in Setaria italica . (uga.edu)

Anatomy7

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