• Development of 3T3-like lines from Balb/c mouse embryo cultures: transformation susceptibility to SV40. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were transferred (the "T") every 3 days (the first "3"), and inoculated at the rigid density of 3×105 cells per 20 cm2 dish (the second "3") continuously. (wikipedia.org)
  • Liver cyst-derived epithelial (LCDE) cell lines are grown in a hormonally supplemented medium in the presence of lethally irradiated NIH/3T3 fibroblast coculture. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Two such lines isolated from a parental fibroblast cell line, Rat2 cells, have been characterized in some detail [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also find that expression of CK1ε is able to promote oncogenic transformation of human cells in a β-catenin-dependent manner. (plos.org)
  • We demonstrate that the transformation of breast cancer cells is dependent on PVRL4. (elifesciences.org)
  • During serial passage of mouse embryo fibroblasts in vitro it was found that an established line of cells was more susceptible to murine sarcoma virus transformation than early passages of the cells from which it was derived. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Non-dividing (amitotic) cells were not susceptible to murine sarcoma virus transformation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Requirements for RNA and DNA synthesis in the transformation of mouse embryo cells by murine sarcoma virus (moloney). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Morphological transformation of mouse embryo cells in vitro by murine sarcoma virus (harvey). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The protocol involves the transformation of pools of resistant cells by cDNA expression libraries, followed by the selection for rare virus-sensitive cells, using multiple rounds of selection after infection by marked viral vector genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies suggest that pY14Cav1-mediated control of raft internalization plays an important role in integrin-mediated control of cell proliferation that, when de-regulated, can lead to anchorage-independent growth and transformation and thereby the acquisition of tumorigenic potential. (diff.org)
  • The p53 oncogene is thought to play a role in the proliferation of normal and transformed cells and its expression was postulated to be cell cycle dependent. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • Here we identify CSNK1E , the gene encoding casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) as required specifically for the proliferation of breast cancer cells with activated β-catenin and confirm its role as a positive regulator of β-catenin-driven transcription. (plos.org)
  • The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in embryonic development, maintenance of multipotent progenitor cell populations and proliferation of many tissue types [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • A gain of function screen for genes that enable proliferation independently of matrix anchorage identified a cell adhesion molecule PVRL4 (poliovirus-receptor-like 4), also known as Nectin-4. (elifesciences.org)
  • 1994. Mesothelial cell proliferation: A nonspecific response to lung injury associated with fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
  • An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
  • Effect of cytosine arabinoside on the replication of the Moloney sarcoma virus in 3T3 cell cultures. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)
  • The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
  • The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
  • Genetic selections in mammalian cell lines have recently been developed for the isolation of mutant cells that are refractory to infection by retroviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is becoming increasingly apparent that mammalian cells harbor numerous genes that induce intracellular blocks to retrovirus infection [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cav1, via biogenesis of caveolae, is not only essential for lipid uptake and regulation, transcellular transport and signalling in endothelial cells, but also for the entry of certain viruses into mammalian cells (SV40). (diff.org)
  • 3T3 cells are several cell lines of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison demonstrated the growth of frog embryonic cells that would give rise to nerve cells in a medium of clotted lymph . (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)
  • Microinjection of the ras oncogene protein into PC12 cells induces morphological differentiation. (cshlpress.com)
  • This mechanism preserves the single-cell layer pattern throughout the body and prevents epithelial cells from growing in inappropriate locations. (elifesciences.org)
  • explored which genes enable epithelial cells from the human mammary gland to grow without being attached to the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • Normally, the PVRL4 gene is not active in breast epithelial cells, but its activity is detected in many breast, lung, and ovarian tumors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Some Cav1 has been localized, in a cell type-specific manner, to the cytosol (for example in skeletal muscle cells and keratinocytes), secretory vesicles (in endocrine and exocrine cells), mitochondria (in airway epithelial cells) and lipid droplets. (diff.org)
  • The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in immune signal transduction, cell cycle, and cell metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • The R4-7 mutant cell line is approximately 100-fold resistant to transduction by MuLV-based vectors as compared to wild-type Rat2 cells [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tyr14 phosphorylation by Src, Fyn or Abl tyrosine kinases, has been linked to various cellular phenomena including mechano-transduction, signal transduction, endocytosis, cell migration and focal adhesion dynamics. (diff.org)
  • The suppressor genes were then recovered from these virus sensitive cells, and their ability to restore virus susceptibility was confirmed by reintroduction of these cDNAs into the resistant line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using flow cytofluorimetry sorting of populations of exponentially growing cells, coupled to a radioimmune assay, we have investigated the accumulation of p53 along the cell cycle in normal FR 3T3 rat cells as well as in two types of SV40-transformed derivatives, one of which only expresses the large-T protein during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • They found that the gene that codes for a protein called poliovirus receptor-like 4 (PVRL4) allows attachment-free cell growth and also makes cells cluster together once detached from the matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • also showed that interactions between the PVRL4 in one cell and a related protein called PVRL1 in a neighboring cell were responsible for holding the cells together in clusters. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here we will focus on HMG AT-hook 2 protein (HMGA2), a member of the HMGA family that mediates transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1, commonly known as TGFβ1) signaling 16 . (nature.com)
  • Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
  • Preliminary studies using either N -methyl- N -nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat breast cancer model or human breast cancer cell lines in vitro had suggested, but not proved, that nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents increase p27 protein expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a 22 KDa multifunctional scaffolding protein with multiple binding partners that is associated with cell surface caveolae and the regulation of lipid raft domains. (diff.org)
  • Adherent cells grow as a monolayer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate to form an adherent culture as a monolayer (one single-cell thick), whereas others can be grown free floating in a medium as a suspension culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • We have been involved in the development of screens and selections for virus resistance genes, and have isolated mutant cell lines after chemical mutagenesis that are profoundly resistant to retrovirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To probe the nature of the blocks in these mutant cell lines, we have sought to identify and characterize suppressor genes that override the restriction exhibited by these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cav1 has also been localized to the nucleus of ovarian carcinoma cells where it binds directly to promoter regions of the cyclin D1 and folate receptor genes. (diff.org)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • Kelly, F. , Sambrook, J. (1974) Variants of Simian Virus 40-Transformed Mouse Cells Resistant to Cytochalasin-B. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 39. (cshl.edu)
  • SV40 Transfected Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament Derived Ligamentocytes-Suitable as a Human in Vitro Model for Ligament Reconstruction? (mdpi.com)
  • Characteristics of the in vitro assay of murine sarcoma virus (moloney) and virus-infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Preliminary studies using in vivo model of MNU-induced rat mammary cancer and in vitro model of cultured cells had suggested - but not proved - that various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents, including moderate dietary restriction, up-regulated the expression of p27 (Fig. 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This report addresses the question of whether various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents up-regulate the expression of p27 in preneoplastic and neoplastic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Experimental evidence presented in the first half of this report shows that these agents fairly faithfully up-regulate expression of p27 in mouse epidermal (JB6) and human breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB-321, and AU565) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on these findings, we conclude that various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents up-regulate expression of p27 in (pre)neoplastic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two other proteins of the same family, Cav2 and Cav3, exist and differ in their patterns of expression in different cell types. (diff.org)
  • The cells are sensitive to sarcoma virus and leukemia virus focus formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • An explanation can be made in terms of the growth rates of the cells involved, although primary cells were more susceptible to murine sarcoma virus than would be expected from their rate of growth. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Production of altered cell foci in tissue culture by defective moloney sarcoma virus particles. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Different cell culture characteristics of two strains of murine sarcoma virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, chromatin is the physiological template of all DNA-dependent processes including transcription. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, Cav1 is also localized outside of caveolar regions in the cytoplasm, focal adhesions, the extracellular milieu, and the nucleus emphasizing its function in a variety of cell signalling and mechanotransduction phenomena that may regulate tumor cell behaviour. (diff.org)
  • The amounts of different regions of the SV40 genome present in a line of transformed mouse cells. (cshl.edu)
  • Study of Sequences of Adenovirus-2 DNA in Nine Lines of Transformed Rat Cells Using Specific Fragments of Viral Genome. (cshl.edu)
  • This behavior is particularly evident in the cells that divide aggressively to form tumors that subsequently migrate and colonize other tissues around the body. (elifesciences.org)
  • Journal of Cell Biology, 63 (2). (cshl.edu)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Growing viruses in cell cultures allowed preparation of purified viruses for the manufacture of vaccines . (wikipedia.org)
  • Murine sarcoma and leukemia viruses: assay using clonal lines of contact-inhibiting mouse cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • These results show that LMP1 , mour viruses classified by IARC in EBV-specific T-cell response. (who.int)
  • This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The present invention relates generally to improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions for mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell from bone marrow into peripheral blood by administration of at least one inhibitor of a GTPase, such as Rac1 and/or Rac2 GTPase. (justia.com)
  • The various mature blood cell types are all ultimately derived from a single class of progenitor cell known as hematopoietic stem cells. (justia.com)
  • Structure of the Ki-ras gene of the human lung carcinoma cell line Calu-1. (wikidata.org)
  • Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
  • Without doubt, the first human transforming gene, and more broadly, oncogenes and anti-oncogenes, had been previously theorized by Theodor Boveri. (jcancer.org)
  • The original 3T3 cell line (3T3-Swiss albino) was established in 1962 by two scientists then at the Department of Pathology in the New York University School of Medicine, George Todaro and Howard Green. (wikipedia.org)
  • Todaro and Green originally obtained their 3T3 cells from Swiss albino mouse embryo tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Later, as a principal investigator position at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, Todaro repeated the isolation procedure from the NIH Swiss mouse embryo with his students and established NIH-3T3 cell line. (wikipedia.org)
  • When stimulated to divide, they give rise to more committed, differentiated daughter cells with less proliferative potential, called "early progenitor" cells. (justia.com)
  • Daughter 3T3 cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
  • Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
  • Focal adhesions are integrin-mediated cell matrix junctions connecting the ECM to the actin cytoskeleton. (rupress.org)
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, growth of orthotopically implanted tumors in vivo is inhibited by blocking PVRL4-driven cell-to-cell attachment with monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating a novel strategy for targeted therapy of cancer. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is estimated that up to 90% of cancers in humans originate in epithelial tissue, and the cells within such tumors are known to survive and divide even when they are no longer attached to the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • used genetic techniques to silence PVRL4 in cells from breast tumors, they found that it reduced the formation of clusters by the cancer cells and also reduced their ability to grow in the absence of attachment. (elifesciences.org)
  • To uncover genetic dependencies in breast cancer cells that harbor active β-catenin signaling, we performed RNAi-based loss-of-function screens in breast cancer cell lines in which we had characterized β-catenin activity. (plos.org)
  • The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • These LCDE cell lines exhibit impaired alkalinization in response to Cl - substitution. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Sequential rounds of division and differentiation give rise to an enormous amplification of cell numbers, necessary for the production of mature blood cells. (justia.com)
  • This process of division and differentiation is subject to regulation at many levels to control cell production. (justia.com)
  • [12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • A single-cell layer of epithelium is separated from the tissues beneath it by a supporting substance called the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • Understanding how cancerous cells gain this ability may lead to new approaches to stopping tumor cells from dividing and colonizing tissues around the body. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cav2 is able to form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex with Cav1 but is not essential for caveolae biogenesis, while Cav3 is primarily located in muscle tissues but is also expressed in glial cells and it plays an essential role in caveolae biogenesis in those tissues where it is expressed. (diff.org)
  • genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)
  • We here report the isolation of two cDNA constructs that each restore virus sensitivity to the R4-7 mutant cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The '3T3' designation refers to the abbreviation of "3-day transfer, inoculum 3×105 cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
  • LCDE cells exhibit intracellular pH regulatory pathways that, with one exception, are similar to those found in normal intrahepatic biliary epithelium. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)
  • PY14C av1 has been localized to focal adhesions using a monoclonal antibody, suggesting a specific function in cell migration processes. (diff.org)
  • Similarly, pY14Cav1 was shown to stabilize FAK, focal adhesion kinase and other components within focal adhesions, and lead to enhanced focal adhesions turnover and tumor cell migration. (diff.org)
  • Recent work shows that pYCav1 in cooperation with the Mgat5/galectin-3 lattice, regulates FAK dynamics in focal adhesions and favours focal adhesion disassembly ad tumor cell migration. (diff.org)
  • cell for the virus is placed in a mu- studies costly and difficult. (who.int)
  • 1998. Activation of alveolar macrophages and peripheral red blood cells in rats exposed to fibers/particles. (cdc.gov)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • Differences in the biological effects of crocidolite asbestos and two glass fibres on epithelial lung cells. (cdc.gov)
  • True stem cells are both pluripotent-that is they can give rise to all cell types-and capable of self-renewal. (justia.com)
  • Other cell types derived from hematopoietic stem cells include platelets and erythrocytes. (justia.com)
  • Epithelial tissue is one of the four major types of tissue found in animals, and is the only type of tissue that is able to form and maintain layers of cells that are just one cell thick. (elifesciences.org)
  • Viral DNA in transformed cells. (cshl.edu)
  • The viral DNA was apparently trapped in the cytoplasm in a form that was not readily extracted by conditions that allowed DNA recovery from wild-type infected cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dysregulation at any checkpoint program may lead to a transformed phenotype. (janechin.net)
  • Dysregulation of processes driven by these factors is a severe liability to the cell and therefore represents potential areas for therapeutic intervention. (janechin.net)
  • Furthermore, we demonstrate that breast cancer cells that harbor activated β-catenin activity exhibit enhanced sensitivity to pharmacological blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (plos.org)
  • In such procedures, patients undergo successive treatments with cell mobilization agents to cause mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation for harvesting. (justia.com)
  • During all stages of tumor progression, cancer cells are subjected to inappropriate extracellular matrix environments and must undergo adaptive changes in order to evade growth constraints associated with the loss of matrix attachment. (elifesciences.org)
  • The individual cells within a single-cell layer are physically attached to the matrix, and when displaced from it, they promptly undergo programmed cell death. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, understanding biochemical dynamics of cell cycle progression may lead to target-specific therapy with improved side effect profiles. (janechin.net)
  • Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • These therapies decrease a patient's white blood cell counts, suppress bone marrow hematopoietic activity, and increase the patient's risk of infection and/or hemorrhage. (justia.com)
  • Therefore, hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into a subject's peripheral blood by the method of the invention is useful as a source of donor cells in bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer, anemia, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. (justia.com)
  • Distinguishing and removing cancer cells from normal cells continue to be key in the experimental design for therapy and prevention. (janechin.net)
  • The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
  • This hypothesis laid the foundation for cancer research strategies to find critical differences between transformed cellular processes and normal cellular processes. (janechin.net)
  • When cells proliferate in the absence of appropriate driving signals, cancer is the undesirable consequence. (janechin.net)
  • Actin antibody: The specific visualization of actin filaments in non-muscle cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • LCDE cells have been grown continuously for periods exceeding 12 mo and 25 passages (170 population doublings). (elsevierpure.com)
  • They can also be used for increasing white blood cell survival and for chemotherapy. (justia.com)
  • Freshney's Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • After harvesting, the patient is given high dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the bone marrow function is reconstituted by infusion of the cells harvested earlier. (justia.com)
  • The use of high-dosage chemotherapy or radiotherapy for bone marrow ablation requires subsequent incorporation of hematopoietic stem cells into the patient, in which case prior harvesting of such cells is required. (justia.com)