Penicillin ResistancePenicillinsPenicillin GStreptococcus pneumoniaePenicillin-Binding ProteinsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMuramoylpentapeptide CarboxypeptidasePenicillin VAnti-Bacterial AgentsPeptidyl TransferasesHexosyltransferasesPneumococcal InfectionsDrug Resistance, MicrobialDrug Resistance, BacterialPoint MutationMutationPenicillin G ProcainePenicillinaseMutation, MissenseNeisseria gonorrhoeaePenicillin AmidaseLactamsBacterial ProteinsAminoacyltransferasesPenicillin G BenzathineDisease SusceptibilityDrug ResistanceSerotypingCarrier ProteinsDrug Resistance, MultipleDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialErythromycinMolecular Sequence Databeta-LactamasesTransformation, BacterialAmpicillinbeta-LactamsMacrolidesOxacillinStreptococcal InfectionsCefotaximeTetracyclinePolymerase Chain ReactionBase SequenceDNA, BacterialStreptococcusNasopharynxFrameshift MutationGenes, BacterialPneumococcal VaccinesGenotypeGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseStaphylococcus aureusTransformation, GeneticDrug Resistance, NeoplasmAmino Acid SequencePlasmidsStaphylococcusMoraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalisPneumonia, PneumococcalEscherichia coliR FactorsGerm-Line MutationDrug Resistance, ViralElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldAllelesDisease ResistanceCulture MediaCarrier StatePedigreePhenotypeSequence Analysis, DNARespiratory Tract InfectionsSpainCephalosporinsHaemophilus influenzaeNeisseria meningitidisCommunity-Acquired InfectionsBacteriaBacteremiaVascular ResistanceDNA FingerprintingMolecular Epidemiologybeta-Lactam ResistanceAmino Acid SubstitutionPeptidoglycan GlycosyltransferaseHeterozygoteMutation RateChromosome MappingExonsSerine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala CarboxypeptidaseTetracycline ResistanceAmpicillin ResistanceDNA Mutational AnalysisBacterial Typing TechniquesPolymorphism, Single NucleotidePolymorphism, GeneticDrug Resistance, FungalAnti-Infective AgentsMutagenesis, Site-Directed