Susceptibility african continental ancestry group. Medical search. Frequent questions

He noted "It was clear a new array was needed for our GWAS because existing arrays either provided good coverage of African genomic variation or cancer loci, but not both. (madcapnetwork.org)
We uncovered more than 3 million previously undescribed variants, most of which were found among individuals from newly sampled ethnolinguistic groups, as well as 62 previously unreported loci that are under strong selection, which were predominantly found in genes that are involved in viral immunity, DNA repair and metabolism. (northumbria.ac.uk)
A trans-ethnic meta-analysis was then performed with the African ESCC study and a Chinese ESCC study in a combined total of 3,699 ESCC-affected individuals and 5,918 control individuals, which identified three genome-wide-significant loci on chromosome 9 at FAM120A (rs12379660, pmeta = 9.36 × 10-10), chromosome 10 at PLCE1 (rs7099485, pmeta = 1.48 × 10-8), and chromosome 22 at CHEK2 (rs1033667, pmeta = 1.47 × 10-9). (bvsalud.org)
This indicates the existence of both shared and distinct genetic risk loci for ESCC in African and Asian populations. (bvsalud.org)
Thus we sought 1) to establish the association of genetic ancestry with diabetes and related quantitative traits in African Americans, after accounting for the non-genetic risk factors, and 2) to identify diabetes susceptibility loci by conducting a genome-wide admixture mapping scan. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
In summary, in community-based populations with more than 7,000 African Americans, we found that genetic ancestry is significant associated with type 2 diabetes above and beyond the effects of markers of SES, and we detected several suggestive loci that may harbor genetic variants modulating diabetes risk. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
Our results show that the standard approach is well powered to detect known malaria susceptibility loci when sample sizes are large, and that modern methods for association analysis can control the potential confounding effects of population structure. (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, we find that ancestry related to highland (Central Andean) versus lowland (Mapuche) Natives is associated with variation in facial features, particularly nose morphology, and detect significant differences in allele frequencies between these groups at loci previously associated with nose morphology in this sample. (shengsci.com)
Fine-mapping of prostate cancer susceptibility loci in a large meta-analysis identifies candidate causal variants. (shengsci.com)
Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a. (shengsci.com)

Meta-analyses of candidate gene studies suggest that the TGF-β1 [rs1800469] and IL-1β [rs2853550] single-nucleotide polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease. (medscape.com)
Currently, ancestry informative marker (AIM) panels have been widely utilized with up to a few hundred ancestry-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to infer ancestry admixture. (omicsdi.org)

Anthropologists have been divided as to whether Homo sapiens evolved as one interconnected species from H. erectus (called the Multiregional Model, or the Regional Continuity Model), or evolved only in East Africa, and then migrated out of Africa and replaced H. erectus populations throughout the Old World (called the Out of Africa Model or the Complete Replacement Model). (kss.org.pl)
In regions of the world such as Central Asia, East Africa, or Latin America where traditional physical anthropology has believed that intermixture of races has created mixed-race populations, genetics has invariably shown the hybridity of these populations. (blogspot.com)

Therefore, the genetic admixture may cause biased genetic association study with cancer susceptibility variants specifically in Hispanics. (omicsdi.org)
RESULTS:In this study we designed an unique AIM panel that infers 3-way genetic admixture from three distinct and selective continental populations (African (AFR), European (EUR), and East Asian (EAS)) within evolutionarily conserved exonic regions. (omicsdi.org)
Ethiopians and North Africans and others, who trace their ancestry from a recent admixture event (less than 100 generations ago) 20 between two or more human populations separated by at least 1000 generations of independent genetic drift. (nature.com)
Because of extensive admixture among these various groups, the Brazilian population shows great variability in terms of Populations on different continents vary considerably in their skin pigmentation, phenotypic features, and genomic structure [2]. (cdc.gov)
A professor gave admixture tests to his students, and some of them were surprised to find out that they had admixture other than what they thought, e.g., blacks with 50% European admixture or a white with 14% African admixture. (blogspot.com)
Groups such as African Americans who were known to have acquired a large degree of Caucasoid admixture due to the social definition of a "black" in the United States, have been shown to be a group with around 20-25% European admixture. (blogspot.com)
Historical records and genetic analyses indicate that Latin Americans trace their ancestry mainly to the intermixing (admixture) of Native Americans, Europeans and Sub-Saharan Africans. (shengsci.com)
We find that Native American ancestry components in Latin Americans correspond geographically to the present-day genetic structure of Native groups, and that sources of non-Native ancestry, and admixture timings, match documented migratory flows. (shengsci.com)

Association of genetic variants in complement factor H and factor H-related genes with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility. (wakehealth.edu)
It is unknown if these variants confer susceptibility in people of African ancestry. (ox.ac.uk)
With this in mind, the MADCaP team designed a GWAS strategy to genotype the maximum number of African variants across all 6,000 available samples within the budget available. (madcapnetwork.org)
DNA from the donors was genotyped for 120 variants in 46 pharmacogenes and revealed variants that are uniquely found in African populations, including the low activity African specific CYP2C9*5 and *8 variants relevant to the metabolism of diclofenac. (bvsalud.org)
We developed a framework for inference of germline variants from tumor panel sequencing, including imputation, quality control, inference of genetic ancestry, germline polygenic risk scores, and HLA alleles. (biomedcentral.com)

Dr. Pedro Fernandez, PhD, is Hayes Chair of Research at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Stellenbosch University in South Africa. (madcapnetwork.org)
The African Liver Tissue Biorepository (ALTBio) Consortium currently includes three institutions in South Africa and one in Zimbabwe with plans to expand to other African countries. (bvsalud.org)
The study, led by researchers from the MRC/UVRI and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit in collaboration with those from the University of Witwatersrand in South Africa, used genetic data from 1.4 million people of diverse ancestry across sub-Saharan Africa to examine how the use of diverse and representative data can impact our ability to predict disease risk. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Researchers used data from Uganda and South Africa to gather genetic information using genetic risk scores to identify people within continental African populations with high and low fat levels. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Their findings identified a number of inherent features in African populations, including that the genetic risk scores were more accurate for people living in urban settings in South Africa than for those in Uganda, due to differences in age, lifestyles, environments and genetics. (lshtm.ac.uk)

For example, European and Asian studies miss many alleles that are present in African populations due to the much greater genetic diversity in Africa. (madcapnetwork.org)
Given the observed ethnic/racial disparities in diabetes prevalence, we hypothesized that some diabetes susceptibility alleles are present at higher frequency in African Americans than in European Americans, resulting in association between genetic ancestry and diabetes risk that is independent of its association with other non-genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. (emilkirkegaard.dk)

for example, in the United States social and legal designations of "White" have been inconsistently applied to Native Americans, Arab Americans, and Asian Americans, among other groups (See main article: Definitions of whiteness in the United States). (wikipedia.org)
Characterizing the admixed African ancestry of African Americans My own inclination has been to not get bogged down in the latest race and IQ controversy because I don't have that much time, and the core readership here is probably not going to get any new information from me, since this is not an area of hot novel research. (discovermagazine.com)
In his posts on this topic Ta-Nehisi repeatedly points to the real diversity in physical type and ancestry among African Americans, despite acknowledging implicitly the shared preponderant history. (discovermagazine.com)
The above plot is from Characterizing the admixed African ancestry of African Americans , a 2009 paper with 94 Africans of diverse geographic origins, 136 African Americans, and 38 European Americans. (discovermagazine.com)
It turns out that the average African ancestral contribution to to African Americans is ~80%, with the balance being mostly European (there is some Native American, but not much). (discovermagazine.com)
The African Americans are distributed almost perfectly along a line between the West African populations and the European Americans. (discovermagazine.com)
Association of genetic variation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure among African Americans: the Candidate Gene Association Resource study. (ox.ac.uk)
The African continent is home to 1.2 billion people, 17% of the world's population, and a large proportion of human genetic diversity and yet African populations are relatively under-studied with only 3% of Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) samples coming from African ancestries (1), mostly African Americans. (madcapnetwork.org)
To find such quotes, one can use search queries like this one for African Americans . (emilkirkegaard.dk)
In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, African Americans are twice as likely as whites to develop incident type 2 diabetes-a disparity which persists even after extensive adjustment for socioeconomic status (SES) and behavioral risk factors [4] . (emilkirkegaard.dk)
These results suggest that in African Americans, genetic ancestry has a significant effect on the risk of type 2 diabetes that are independent of the contribution of SES, but that no single locus with a major effect explains a large portion of the observed disparity in diabetes risk between African Americans and European Americans. (emilkirkegaard.dk)
Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance. (shengsci.com)
Using novel haplotype-based methods, here we infer sub-continental ancestry in over 6,500 Latin Americans and evaluate the impact of regional ancestry variation on physical appearance. (shengsci.com)
African Americans only comprise 1.1% of global genomic studies. (lshtm.ac.uk)

To demonstrate its capabilities, we compared the FST distributions of GenoChip SNPs to those of two commercial arrays for three continental populations. (blogspot.com)

We also detect South/East Mediterranean ancestry across Latin America, probably stemming mostly from the clandestine colonial migration of Christian converts of non-European origin (Conversos). (shengsci.com)

A high frequency African coding polymorphism in the N-terminal domain of ICAM-1 predisposing to cerebral malaria in Kenya. (ox.ac.uk)
Genotypes at this locus from samples from a case-control study indicated an association of the polymorphism with the severity of clinical malaria such that individuals homozygous for the mutation have increased susceptibility to cerebral malaria with a relative risk of two. (ox.ac.uk)
Imputation-based meta-analysis of severe malaria in three African populations. (ox.ac.uk)
We analyse genome-wide data from approximately 5,000 individuals with severe malaria and 7,000 population controls from three different locations in Africa. (ox.ac.uk)
Ultimately, this research and its application will result in the elimination of malaria from Africa and other intransigent foci. (nshealth.ca)

Polygenic Scores (PSs) describe the genetic component of an individual's quantitative phenotype or their susceptibility to diseases with a genetic basis. (nature.com)
A global opportunity exists to profile disease risk in African populations and deploy Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) to focus healthcare resources on high-risk individuals. (madcapnetwork.org)
Polygenic Risk Scores for prostate cancer have been developed by European and Asian studies but they do not work as well in African populations for several reasons. (madcapnetwork.org)
We showcase the feasibility and utility of our framework by analyzing 25,889 tumors and identifying the relationships between genetic ancestry, polygenic risk, and tumor characteristics that could not be studied with conventional on-target tumor data. (biomedcentral.com)

This is particularly problematic with recently admixed individuals, where the various ancestries composing a given genome may be closely or distantly related to the population used to infer the adopted genetic effect sizes 18 . (nature.com)

Here, we report a GWAS in 1,686 African individuals with ESCC and 3,217 population-matched control individuals to investigate its genetic etiology. (bvsalud.org)
Our GWAS of ESCC conducted in a population of African ancestry indicates a substantial genetic contribution to ESCC risk in Africa. (bvsalud.org)
Combining data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted at different locations, using genotype imputation and fixed-effects meta-analysis, has been a powerful approach for dissecting complex disease genetics in populations of European ancestry. (ox.ac.uk)

Group A Streptococcus ( Streptococcus pyogenes ) is thought to cause the myriad of clinical diseases in which the host's immunologic response to bacterial antigens cross-react with various target organs in the body, resulting in molecular mimicry. (medscape.com)
With this knowledge we can better understand and act on genetic susceptibility to many diseases including cancer", Dr. Rebbeck told us. (madcapnetwork.org)
However, due to the small numbers of genetic studies involving African people, there is not currently enough information to create accurate genetic risk scores to predict their vulnerability to illnesses such as heart diseases. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Reasonable intraspecies sequence variability in GPCR is either physiologically tolerated or promotes individual phenotypes and adaptation, but also susceptibilities for diseases. (springer.com)

Here, we present Summix, a method to efficiently deconvolute ancestry and provide ancestry-adjusted allele frequencies (AFs) from summary data. (omicsdi.org)

Although human genetic diversity is distributed as a continuum across all continents, here we focus on the extremes of such a genetic gradient (i.e. genetic drift components that are modal in European, East Asian or Sub-Saharan African populations) to ease a preliminary exploration of the viability of our approach, and assume within population stratification as a lesser, yet important, source of bias. (nature.com)
It is critical that genetic association studies be undertaken in African populations to expand our understanding of genomic diversity in all populations. (madcapnetwork.org)
The African continent is regarded as the cradle of modern humans and African genomes contain more genetic variation than those from any other continent, yet only a fraction of the genetic diversity among African individuals has been surveyed 1 . (northumbria.ac.uk)
Here we performed whole-genome sequencing analyses of 426 individuals-comprising 50 ethnolinguistic groups, including previously unsampled populations-to explore the breadth of genomic diversity across Africa. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Collectively, these findings refine our current understanding of continental migration, identify gene flow and the response to human disease as strong drivers of genome-level population variation, and underscore the scientific imperative for a broader characterization of the genomic diversity of African individuals to understand human ancestry and improve health. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Here we investigate the feasibility of applying the same approach in Africa, where genetic diversity, both within and between populations, is far more extensive. (ox.ac.uk)
The lack of diversity in genomic research could mean Africans are missing out on potential life-changing care for chronic health disorders, according to a new study published in Nature Medicine . (lshtm.ac.uk)
More genomic research is required to produce genetic risk scores that are relevant and representative of the genetic diversity in African populations due to age, lifestyle, environment, and other genetic factors. (lshtm.ac.uk)
I trust you understand by now that the diversity of the gene pool in Asia is as great as anywhere, other than Africa. (sciforums.com)
That is true for all peoples around the globe - Africa has the greatest diversity. (sciforums.com)

We apply Summix to gnomAD v.2.1 exome and genome groups and subgroups, finding heterogeneous continental ancestry for several groups, including African/African American (∼84% AFR, ∼14% EUR) and American/Latinx (∼4% AFR, ∼5% EAS, ∼43% EUR, ∼46% IAM). (omicsdi.org)
We demonstrate partial PS to be a proxy for the total PS and that a portion of the genome is enough to improve susceptibility predictions for the traits we test. (nature.com)
Importantly, even if the current PS models assume so, there is no evidence on whether any expressed phenotype of an admixed genome should be seen as the linear sum of ancestry-specific effect sizes calculated along the genome, considering its specific local ancestry composition. (nature.com)
Thus, local PS accuracy may vary along the genome and among individuals, depending on the relative fraction and on the particular tiling of a given ancestry each person has. (nature.com)
The MADCaP Network provides a unique opportunity to understand the African genome and its role in establishing prostate cancer risk in African men. (madcapnetwork.org)
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of ESCC in predominantly East Asian populations indicate a substantial genetic contribution to its etiology, but no genome-wide studies have been done in populations of African ancestry. (bvsalud.org)
We identified a genome-wide-significant risk locus on chromosome 9 upstream of FAM120A (rs12379660, p = 4.58 × 10-8, odds ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.22-1.34), as well as a potential African-specific risk locus on chromosome 2 (rs142741123, p = 5.49 × 10-8) within MYO1B. (bvsalud.org)
The effect of ancestry on any individual locus in the genome is likely to be modest, but in aggregate, differences in ancestry may contribute substantially to the observed ethnic disparity in risk of type 2 diabetes. (emilkirkegaard.dk)

Many constructions of race are associated with phenotypical traits and geographic ancestry, and scholars like Carl Linnaeus have proposed scientific models for the organization of race since at least the 18th century. (wikipedia.org)
A wide range of research methods have been employed to examine patterns of human variation and their relations to ancestry and racial groups, including studies of individual traits, studies of large populations and genetic clusters, and studies of genetic risk factors for disease. (wikipedia.org)
have interpreted genetic studies of traits and populations as evidence to justify social inequalities associated with race, despite the fact that patterns of human variation have been shown to be mostly clinal, with human genetic code being approximately 99.9% identical between individuals, and with no clear boundaries between groups. (wikipedia.org)
This, in addition to the fact that different traits vary on different clines, makes it impossible to draw discrete genetic boundaries around human groups. (wikipedia.org)

division of social groups into categories with differential access to resources and status, assumed to be based on biological difference, but actually constructed socially. (kss.org.pl)

Crucially, the between-group genetic differences that do exist do not map onto socially recognized categories of race. (wikipedia.org)
This persistent disparity suggests that genetic factors may contribute to ethnic differences in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. (emilkirkegaard.dk)

In addition to constituting fascinating signatures of the population genetic history, diverse types of genetic variance are also of importance to human health and chronic disease susceptibility. (fatsoflife.com)
These findings emphasise the importance of including Africans' genetic information in genomic studies in order to gain more accurate information about genetic risk factors for disease, and better control the growing trend of chronic health disorders in Africa. (lshtm.ac.uk)

Notice above that the first dimension of variation (PC1) separates the Europeans from all the African populations. (discovermagazine.com)
BACKGROUND:Europeans and American Indians were major genetic ancestry of Hispanics in the U.S. These ancestral groups have markedly different incidence rates and outcomes in many types of cancers. (omicsdi.org)

Prostate cancer is an excellent example of the research opportunity in Africa: it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in African men and, globally, has higher prevalence and worse outcomes in men of African ancestry. (madcapnetwork.org)

An ancestry informative marker panel design for individual ancestry estimation of Hispanic population using whole exome sequencing data. (omicsdi.org)

That is because almost no African American whose ancestors are not recent immigrants from Africa lack white ancestry. (discovermagazine.com)

To address this opportunity, the Men of African Descent and Carcinoma of the Prostate (MADCaP, www.madcapnetwork.org) Network was formed by investigators in the US, the UK, and Africa, led by Professor Timothy Rebbeck of Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. (madcapnetwork.org)

Model-based clustering and ancestry informative markers analyses suggested that this is due to taurine introgression. (biomedcentral.com)

Besides a predominant Neolithic background, we identify traces of Post-Neolithic Levantine- and Caucasus-related ancestries, compatible with maritime Bronze-Age migrations. (nature.com)

We found a geographical pattern of expected heterozygosity in European taurine breeds decreasing with the distance from the domestication centre, arguing against a large-scale introgression from European or African aurochs. (biomedcentral.com)
Using continental reference ancestry, African (AFR), non-Finnish European (EUR), East Asian (EAS), Indigenous American (IAM), South Asian (SAS), we obtain accurate and precise estimates (within 0.1%) for all simulation scenarios. (omicsdi.org)
The population frequency of the indel (rs66698963) is remarkably different among human populations with the insertion being far more frequent in South Asians, Africans and some East Asian populations, and far less common in European and other East Asian populations. (fatsoflife.com)
By combining partial PSs from different populations, we are able to improve trait predictability in admixed individuals with some European ancestry. (nature.com)
Conclusions: Our results indicate that European ancestry is a risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. (cdc.gov)
Current drug metabolism research is based on liver tissue predominantly obtained from people of European origin with limited access to tissue from people of African origin. (bvsalud.org)
The team found that when genetic data from the African American population was included in genomic studies, the genetic risk score estimates were five times more accurate for people with African ancestry, compared to when data from European ancestry was used. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Segun Fatumo , Associate Professor of Genetic Epidemiology & Bioinformatics at the MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit said: "Currently, genomic studies include primarily individuals with European ancestry. (lshtm.ac.uk)
This means genetic risk scores in predicting risk of disease, while applicable to the European population, is not accurate or reliable for those of African ancestry. (lshtm.ac.uk)

A meta-analysis of 13 studies suggested that carriage of the HLA-DRB1*07 allele increases susceptibility to ARF/rheumatic heart disease, while carriage of the HLA-DRB1*15 allele protects against it. (medscape.com)

In a study of 15 patients with rheumatic heart disease and a control group of 10 patients who had been exposed to group A streptococci but did not develop either acute rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease, 13 genes were differentially expressed in the same direction (predominantly decreased) between the two groups. (medscape.com)
Given the inter-individual and inter-population genomic variability in genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes, efficacy and safety of some drugs are poorly predicted for African populations. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, they suggest that genetic measured African ancestry contributes to the risk of type 2 diabetes via both genetic and non-genetic pathways. (emilkirkegaard.dk)

However, it is recognized that the sample size is at present too small to exclude any competing hypothesis about a possible North African genetic contribution to the genesis of the Iberian peninsula populations. (blogspot.com)

Some researchers argue that race can act as a "proxy" for genetic ancestry because individuals of the same racial category may share a common ancestry, but others advocate for distinguishing between biology and the social, political, cultural, and economic factors that contribute to race as most commonly understood. (wikipedia.org)
The polymorphism was present as an insertion in cells derived from a group of Japanese individuals, but was completely absent (a deletion) in others, albeit with a lower frequency (hence called the minor allele). (fatsoflife.com)
Here we introduce a combination of local ancestry deconvolution and partial PS computation to account for the population-specific nature of the association signals in individuals with admixed ancestry. (nature.com)
68] On the other hand Edwards (2003) claims in his essay "Lewontin's Fallacy" that: "It is not true, as Nature claimed, that 'two random individuals from any one group are almost as different as any two random individuals from the entire world'" and Risch et al. (kss.org.pl)

The population frequency of the allele corresponding to the rs66698963 insertion (allele named I) or deletion (allele named D) was determined from genomic DNA extracted from human samples (blood, breast milk, and placenta) obtained from several participating institutions in the US and Canada (n=211, nearly all from Kansas City), as well as from a group of Asian Indians (n=76). (fatsoflife.com)
It is one of the pieces of the jigsaw that supports the Out of Africa view of human origins. (sciforums.com)

However, often brutal conflicts between ethnic groups have existed throughout history and across the world, and racial prejudice against Africans also exists today in non-colonised countries such as China and Japan. (kss.org.pl)
In Hawaii, the incidence of ARF has remained several times higher than in the continental United States, particularly among ethnic Polynesians. (medscape.com)

DISCUSSION: In general, the survival analysis method used to analyze the time-to-place data as described here could be applied to a wide variety of health services and used to compare travel patterns among different groups. (cdc.gov)

Africa is the most GENETICALLY Diverse empowering the american consumer corporate on morrer. (mr-smartypants.com)

Our results reveal a shared Mediterranean genetic continuity, extending from Sicily to Cyprus, where Southern Italian populations appear genetically closer to Greek-speaking islands than to continental Greece. (nature.com)

In addition to age, epidemiologic studies have revealed multiple risk factors for the condition including elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), African-American race, family history and low ocular perfusion pressure [3] - [5] . (prolekarniky.cz)
These findings also demonstrate that a standard genetic risk score cannot be applied across different ethnicities and nations in Africa due to genetic variability and other factors which affect risk such as age, lifestyle and environment. (lshtm.ac.uk)

Compared to the unadjusted gnomAD AFs, Summix's ancestry-adjusted AFs more closely match respective African and Latinx reference samples. (omicsdi.org)

Although a large part of South American zebu cattle also descend from taurine cows, we did not detect significant levels of taurine ancestry in these breeds, probably because of systematic backcrossing with zebu bulls. (biomedcentral.com)

3) -that each non-African population has multiple origins-can be illustrated most simply with the New Guineans. (kss.org.pl)

To address this gap, we have established the first comprehensive liver tissue biorepository inclusive of people of African origin. (bvsalud.org)
We established an African liver tissue biorepository, that will be useful in ensuring drug discovery and development research takes into account drug responses in people of African origin. (bvsalud.org)

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes19

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Variants5

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Malaria5

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Prostate1

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Type 2 diabet1

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