• High tibial osteotomy is a surgical procedure performed to relieve pressure on the damaged site of an arthritic knee joint. (drpaulkhoo.com.au)
  • High tibial osteotomy is commonly used for patients with osteoarthritis that is isolated to a single compartment (unicompartmental osteoarthritis). (drpaulkhoo.com.au)
  • Closing wedge osteotomy is the most commonly used technique to perform high tibial osteotomy. (drpaulkhoo.com.au)
  • Complications following high tibial osteotomy may include infection, skin necrosis, non-union (failure of the bones to heal), nerve injury, blood vessel injury, failure to correct the varus deformity, compartment syndrome and deep vein thrombosis or blood clots. (drpaulkhoo.com.au)
  • Tibial osteotomy with open wedge is a procedure used to shift pressure off of the damaged side of the knee joint. (casciosports.com)
  • What are the steps in Tibial Osteotomy with Open Wedge? (casciosports.com)
  • A high tibial osteotomy is the most common type of osteotomy performed on arthritic knees. (valleyortho.net)
  • Adrian performed a high tibial osteotomy (HTO): an operation to realign the long bones of the leg and alter the fores going through the joint surfaces. (profadrianwilson.co.uk)
  • Hip, knee, and ankle surgeon specialising in computer navigated surgeries including hip replacement, knee replacement and high tibial osteotomy. (surgeons.org)
  • 2020). Return to work and sport after proximal tibial osteotomy and the effects of opening versus closing wedge techniques on adverse outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (healthwise.net)
  • Get to know more about the High Tibial Osteotomy, a type of joint preservation surgery with Bumrungrad sports medicine specialist & orthopedic surgeon from this video. (bumrungrad.com)
  • In this procedure, the surgeon makes an incision in front of the knee and removes a small wedge of bone from the upper part of the tibia or shinbone. (drpaulkhoo.com.au)
  • In this procedure, the surgeon makes an incision in front of the knee, just below the kneecap and makes a wedge-shaped cut in the bone. (drpaulkhoo.com.au)
  • Halo-distraction Le Fort III osteotomy is performed under general anesthesia, which means that the patient is asleep and completely unaware during the procedure. (orangecountysurgeons.org)
  • Knee osteotomy is a surgical procedure in which the upper part of shinbone (tibia) or lower part of thighbone (femur) is cut and realigned. (valleyortho.net)
  • One of the great advantages of the procedure is that, by preserving your own knee anatomy, a successful osteotomy can delay the need for a joint replacement by a prosthesis for several years. (cun.es)
  • During this procedure, a wedge of bone is removed from the outside of the tibia, straightening the leg (closure osteotomy). (cun.es)
  • The procedure may be recommended by physicians when more conservative treatments, such as exercise, walking aids, medication, or an osteotomy, are not effective. (medscape.com)
  • The shortening Z-osteotomy of the proximal phalanx of the hallux has been presented as an alternative to the Regnauld enclavement procedure for patients with the appropriate indications. (japmaonline.org)
  • In addition to sharing the same positive characteristics as the Regnauld procedure, the Z-osteotomy has technical and physiologic advantages. (japmaonline.org)
  • Osteotomy ("bone cutting") is a procedure in which a surgeon removes, or sometimes adds, a wedge of bone near a damaged joint. (healthwise.net)
  • With this procedure, your child's surgeon will place a small metal plate or staple in your child's leg. (rwmansiononpeachtree.com)
  • With this procedure, your child's surgeon cuts the shin bone below the knee and reshapes it to fix the alignment. (rwmansiononpeachtree.com)
  • Our professional and experienced Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons can help you determine if a BSSO procedure is appropriate for you. (whatclinic.com)
  • Le Fort I osteotomy was popularized by Considering the psychological aspects, Obwegeser in the midt20th century as a neuroticism may have a negative effect standard procedure in maxillofacial surgery on the early postoperative phase but not to correct dentofacial deformities [ 4,5 ]. (who.int)
  • For advanced defects, the surgeon may pick to perform an intricate procedure called osteotomy. (noircon.info)
  • This procedure is one of the least expensive options for dog hip dysplasia surgery because it is quick and does not require the skills of a board certified surgeon. (dogshealth.com)
  • Total shoulder replacement, also known as total shoulder arthroplasty, is a major surgical procedure in which your orthopedic surgeon replaces the damaged ball and socket joint of the shoulder with a metal replacement ball on a plastic surface on the socket. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • The advantages of the Z-osteotomy over the Regnauld include maintenance of the intrinsic attachments at the base of the proximal phalanx, less risk of avascular necrosis, less technical difficulty, and absence of complications associated with an autogenous bone graft. (japmaonline.org)
  • The cosmetic surgeon can utilize one of two methods: a distal osteotomy or a proximal osteotomy, each of which needs two to three little cuts in your foot. (noircon.info)
  • Total hip arthroplasty with femoral osteotomy for proximal femoral deformity. (medscape.com)
  • How much varus is optimal with proximal femoral osteotomy to preserve the femoral head in legg-calve-perthes disease? (medscape.com)
  • Intrinsic passive stiffness of 2 constructs of varus proximal femoral osteotomy: external fixator or blade plate. (medscape.com)
  • Stemless shoulder arthroplasty implants allow a surgeon to more accurately recreate a patient's normal anatomy because the implant is contained solely within the proximal humeral metaphysis. (medscape.com)
  • The surgeon makes an incision on the front or inner side of the knee. (casciosports.com)
  • The surgeon makes an incision (cut) through the skin and inserts the lengthening device into the bone. (kidshealth.org)
  • First, the orthopedic surgeon makes an incision (cut) in the knee and moves the patella (kneecap) to the side. (hss.edu)
  • Originally coined by Harold Hargis, it was more widely popularised first in Germany and then most famously by Hugo Obwegeser who developed the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). (wikipedia.org)
  • Correct Your Lower Jaw MisalignmentInsurance ClaimableImmediate and Permanent ResultsNo Visible IncisionsA Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy (BSSO) is performed to correct mal-alignment of jaws and teeth. (whatclinic.com)
  • Dr. Jonathan Glashow is one of New York's Best Orthopedic Surgeons that treats distal femoral osteotomy. (orthopedicsurgeonnyc.com)
  • A doctor's referral is NOT necessary from a General Practitioner to see our sports medicine or orthopedic surgery specialists for a consultation, 2nd opinion, or for treatment at our orthopedic practice - including distal femoral osteotomy knee surgery. (orthopedicsurgeonnyc.com)
  • The best in class NYC orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Jonathan Glashow routinely successfully perform Distal Femoral Osteotomy. (orthopedicsurgeonnyc.com)
  • In a distal femoral knee osteotomy, either the tibia (shinbone) or femur (thighbone) is cut by our best on class NYC orthopedic surgeon and then reshaped to relieve pressure on the knee-joint. (orthopedicsurgeonnyc.com)
  • Distal femoral osteotomy Diagnostic tests, treatments and consultations can often be carried out on the same day. (orthopedicsurgeonnyc.com)
  • Our orthopedic surgeons pride ourselves with providing you highly personalized and comprehensive orthopedic care before,during, and after your Distal Femoral Osteotomy orthopedic surgery. (orthopedicsurgeonnyc.com)
  • Computer assisted corrective osteotomy of the diaphyseal forearm and the distal radius based on computer simulation and patient-specific guides has been described as a promising technique for accurate reconstruction of forearm deformities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He was able to return to sports after undergoing a distal femoral osteotomy to correct the valgus and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction to stabilize the patella.CONCLUSION: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes with open physes has the potential to cause distal femoral valgus deformity, an increased quadriceps angle, and subsequent patellofemoral instability. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • He is a member of the British Orthopaedic Association, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, British Association of Knee Surgeons (BASK) and the European Knee Society. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • The Academy and orthopaedic specialty societies work together to provide orthopaedic surgeons with the highest quality educational programs and publications. (aaos.org)
  • According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, more than 193,000 total hip replacements are performed annually in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Learn from leading orthopaedic surgeons how they use 3D visualization tools, 3D-printed models, and devices in their daily practice and how it changed their way of thinking. (materialise.com)
  • Valley Orthopedic Associates provides diagnosis and knee osteotomy surgery in San Dimas, Glendora, La Verne and Claremont, CA. Valley Orthopedic Associates also provides highly specialized care during and after the surgery. (valleyortho.net)
  • Osteotomy surgery is essentially an operation performed by our NYC orthopedic surgeon whereby a bone is cut to shorten, lengthen, or change its alignment to alleviate pain and restore function. (orthopedicsurgeonnyc.com)
  • Our philosophy of direct orthopedic surgeon to patient care at every visit has made us one of the most trusted and respected orthopedic surgery practices in NYC. (orthopedicsurgeonnyc.com)
  • Keyhole / Arthroscopy for Sports Injuries / cartilage preservation and cartilage regeneration techniques / minimally invasive subvastus / rotator cuff repair, biceps tenodesis, subscapularis repair, shoulder dislocation, bankart, Latarjet / Dr Sujith Jose is a renowned Orthopedic surgeon with vast experience in Joint replacement and satisfied patients from all around the world. (docjoints.com)
  • Although these injuries are relatively rare, most orthopedic surgeons are called upon to evaluate and treat patients with these injuries and, therefore, must be equipped to achieve optimal outcomes. (medscape.com)
  • My orthopedic surgeon (with a foot and ankle specialization) performed a fifth metatarsal osteotomy on my right foot on 3/3/09 and removed a tailor's bunion/bursa sac. (foot-health-forum.com)
  • In some cases, the orthopedic surgeon may employ robotic technologies during the operation. (hss.edu)
  • Real-time computer navigation image of a robotic arm used by an orthopedic surgeon on the front of the femur, prior to osteotomy. (hss.edu)
  • What you need to know if you have an ACL injury Get to know more about the ACL injury and how to treat it with Bumrungrad sports medicine specialist & orthopedic surgeon from this video. (bumrungrad.com)
  • Orthopedic Surgeons Inc. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • Orthopedic Surgeons, Inc. provides state-of-the-art orthopedic care to meet our patients' many needs. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • With the right help from a skilled orthopedic surgeon, patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty can experience full recovery, find relief from pain, and restore their range of motion so they can participate in the activities they love. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • Talk to one of our orthopedic surgeons to see if your condition warrants a possible total shoulder replacement. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • If so, your orthopedic surgeon at OSI can walk you through the process and help you understand what the treatment will entail and how it will help you. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • Talk to a trained orthopedic surgeon at OSI to learn more about rotator cuff repair and how it may benefit you and give you the improved mobility you deserve. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • An OSI orthopedic surgeon can diagnose your injury and give you advice on whether or not labral repair surgery is needed. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • Femoral Head/Neck Osteotomy (FHO) is best recommended for dog hip dysplasia in very active dogs or those that weigh 50 pounds or less. (dogshealth.com)
  • The disadvantage to resurfacing is difficulty with glenoid exposure, and therefore ability to implant a glenoid component, as well as difficulty with estimating the correct humeral head size and position when reaming away the head instead of performing an anatomic neck osteotomy. (medscape.com)
  • He founded the day-case hip replacement and the adult pelvic osteotomy services in Oxford. (kingedwardvii.co.uk)
  • Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is a type of surgery recommended for puppies that have already developed hip dysplasia. (dogshealth.com)
  • The surgery is usually performed on dogs who have just begun to develop arthritis and are too old for Triple pelvic osteotomy. (dogshealth.com)
  • In a knee osteotomy, a 'fracture' of the tibia or femur is performed in a controlled manner and stabilized in its new position to relieve pressure, load, correct a deviation from the normal axis (deaxation) and reduce pain over the knee joint. (cun.es)
  • Hip osteotomy involves removing bone from the upper thighbone (femur). (healthwise.net)
  • During the main phase of the operation, the surgeon cuts and removes cartilage and some bone from the upper part of the tibia and lower sections of the femur. (hss.edu)
  • Real-time computer navigation image of the robotic arm at the start of the osteotomy to remove bone from the front of the femur. (hss.edu)
  • Real-time computer navigation image of the robotic arm near completion of the knee osteotomy to prepare the femur for an implant. (hss.edu)
  • Also, a total maxilla osteotomy is used to treat the "long face syndrome", known as the skeptical open bite, idiopathic long face, hyper divergent face, total maxillary alveolar hyperplasia, and vertical maxillary excess. (wikipedia.org)
  • How much does a maxillary osteotomy cost? (ndtv.com)
  • Home » Frequently asked Questions on Health » How much does a maxillary osteotomy cost? (ndtv.com)
  • I am interested in correcting a receded upper jaw and would like a rough estimate of how much a maxillary osteotomy costs? (ndtv.com)
  • Fourteen patients (mean age 23.2 (range, 12-58) years) with an extra-articular deformity of the forearm had undergone computer assisted corrective osteotomy with the healthy anatomy of the contralateral uninjured side as a reconstruction template. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Corrective osteotomies with anatomical reduction and restoration of the normal anatomy are regularly considered in symptomatic cases in order to relieve pain and/or to improve the ROM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Verstreken, an experienced surgeon in 3D computer planning and patient-specific instruments for corrective osteotomies, shares his insights and recommendations during this webinar. (materialise.com)
  • He has been working on 3D applications in corrective osteotomies since 2009 and since then he has performed over 100 cases. (materialise.com)
  • Arthroscopic surgery for the shoulder helps to address injuries to your shoulder joint and the surrounding tissues by using a tiny camera - called an arthroscope - through a small incision into your shoulder so the surgeon can examine the tissue and the joint. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • Mr William Jackson is a Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon with an NHS practice at the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre (one of four specialist orthopaedic hospitals in the UK). (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Simon is a Consultant Hip Surgeon at King Edward VII's Hospital and the world-renowned Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre in Oxford. (kingedwardvii.co.uk)
  • During the surgery, your surgeon will remove or add a wedge of bone either below or above the knee joint depending on the site of arthritic damage. (drpaulkhoo.com.au)
  • Richard J. Greco, MD, is an ASPS Member plastic surgeon who is board certified by The American Board of Plastic Surgery® and trained specifically in plastic surgery. (plasticsurgery.org)
  • Prior to surgery, surgeons should take x-rays of the patient's jaw to determine the deformity, and to make a plan of procedures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prior to his current post as a Sussex consultant orthopaedic surgeon in Worthing, Shoreham, Chichester, Goring Hall hospitals and Clinic Nine in Hove, Mr. Palmer worked as a consultant in orthopaedic surgery at the Nuffield Health Orthopaedic Centre in Oxford. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Mr Palmer is an honorary clinical lecturer at Brighton and Sussex Medical School (University of Sussex), is an educational supervisor to trainee junior surgeons, is a surgical trainer and teaches surgical podiatrists techniques in foot surgery and bunion correction. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Osteotomy - is the most commonly performed bunion surgery. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
  • Your surgeon will discuss your surgery with you and what you are to expect. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
  • Your surgeon and anaesthetist will be able to advise on what's best for your bunion surgery. (bupa.co.uk)
  • Your surgeon will discuss with you what will happen before, during and after your surgery. (bupa.co.uk)
  • The first surgery involved multiple Ponte osteotomies at various levels of his spine. (srs.org)
  • Surgeons often urge active people with arthritic knees to try low-impact aerobic activities'such as biking, walking, or using an elliptical trainer, rather than knee-stressing ones like running or skiing'before they consider joint replacement surgery. (besthealthmag.ca)
  • I am one of a small handful of UK hip surgeons who has a large practice focussed entirely on hip replacement, revision hip replacement and hip preservation (keyhole surgery and bone realignment). (kingedwardvii.co.uk)
  • He is one of only a handful of surgeons in the UK who regularly undertakes hip replacement, revision hip replacement, keyhole (arthroscopy) hip surgery and hip realignment (osteotomy) surgery. (kingedwardvii.co.uk)
  • It is clear that complication rates from this type of surgery directly relate to the experience and numbers of cases being operated on by the surgeon. (hipjointsurgery.co.uk)
  • These show up as a break in the bone at some distance from the site of the osteotomy and occur at some point during the rehabilitation - often several weeks after the surgery. (hipjointsurgery.co.uk)
  • This type of surgery is expensive because it requires the skills of a board certified surgeon. (dogshealth.com)
  • There is much disagreement among veterinary surgeons as to the success rate of this type of surgery, mainly because it is performed on dogs that have not yet developed dysplasia. (dogshealth.com)
  • Labral repair surgery is usually performed with minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery in which surgeons operate through small incisions in the shoulder with the aid of a small camera inserted into the joint. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • If your shoulder fracture requires surgery to fully heal, our surgeons have years of experience and training that will put you in the best position to recover. (kcorthopedics.com)
  • Doctors often do an osteotomy to correct certain knee deformities such as bowleg (varus) and knock-knee (valgus) deformities of the knees. (healthwise.net)
  • Bartonicek J, Skala-Rosenbaum J, Dousa P. Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy for nonunion of trochanteric fractures. (medscape.com)
  • Yang L, Jing Y, Hong D, Chong-Qi T. Valgus osteotomy combined with intramedullary nail for Shepherd's crook deformity in fibrous dysplasia: 14 femurs with a minimum of 4 years follow-up. (medscape.com)
  • Doctors use osteotomy if destruction of the knee cartilage mainly affects a single disc of cartilage: the disc (meniscus) either on the inner part or on the outer part of the knee joint. (healthwise.net)
  • one treated with alveolar osteogenesis distraction and the other with segmental osteotomy with autologous graft interposition, by describing the surgical steps as well as show the results and experiences acquired with these techniques. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alveolar osteogenic distraction is highly advisable when vertical deficiency is severe, and if these cases are treated with the segmental osteotomy and autologous graft interposition, complications as graft failure, necrosis and resorption are more prone to occur due to insufficient vascularization. (bvsalud.org)
  • After bone maturation and bone neoformation secondary to alveolar osteogenic osteogenic distraction and segmental osteotomy with autologous graft interposition, respectively, the two presented case reports were able to securely receive dental implants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Following extensive research and having seen Adrian present the minimally invasive osteotomy technique he had developed, Mark made his decision to come to the UK for treatment. (profadrianwilson.co.uk)
  • Work alongside leading shoulder surgeons navigating the latest indications and strategies for total shoulder arthroplasty. (aaos.org)
  • The first shoulder arthroplasty dates back to 1893, performed by a French surgeon, Jules Emile Péan. (medscape.com)
  • Individuals having arthritic conditions that are affecting only one side of the knee are candidates for knee osteotomy which involves removal or addition of a boner wedge either below or above the knee joint. (valleyortho.net)
  • By shifting your weight off of the damaged side of the joint, an osteotomy can relieve pain and significantly improve function in your arthritic knee. (orthopedicsurgeonnyc.com)
  • The surgeon creates an artificial joint using either an internal prosthesis or an external fixation device. (cedars-sinai.org)
  • 5] As surgeons became more adept at surgical reduction and internal fixation, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen-Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO-ASIF) group described a classification based on fracture pattern and degree of comminution (see Classification). (medscape.com)
  • In the 1960s and 1970s, most surgeons condemned surgical treatment because of high failure rates with loss of fixation, nonunion, and elbow stiffness. (medscape.com)
  • Watch to learn about common complications, real patient cases demonstrating the benefit of 3D, the steps for creating a 3D plan of the osteotomy and fixation, and post-operative results. (materialise.com)
  • Surgeons should consider patient activity level preoperatively, bone mineral density, and fracture morphology when deciding on fixation strategies. (bvsalud.org)
  • It involves your surgeon shaving off your bunion. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
  • Your surgeon will consider the severity of your bunion, your general health, activity levels and age, and any medications you take. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
  • These smaller sized incisions enable your surgeon to shave away the bunion as well as straighten the bones without needing to cross layers of tissue, reducing postoperative discomfort, scarring, and difficulties like infection. (noircon.info)
  • Dependent on the deformity, a bone wedge has to be either removed (i.e., closing wedge osteotomy) or a gap has to be created (i.e., opening wedge osteotomy) to achieve the desired reduction [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I am a consultant orthopaedic surgeon and was appointed to the Major Trauma Centre and Leeds Children's Hospital at the General Infirmary at Leeds in February 2013. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • After general anesthesia is administered, your surgeon will map out the exact size of the bone wedge to be removed using an X-ray, CT scan or 3D computer modeling. (valleyortho.net)
  • This same correction can be made by opening a bone wedge on the inside of the knee and adding a bone wedge if required (opening osteotomy). (cun.es)
  • After removing the bone wedge, your surgeon will bring together the remaining bones and secure them, most often with either pins or staples. (healthwise.net)
  • The surgeon removes part of the bone to relieve pressure on the joint. (cedars-sinai.org)
  • During halo-distraction Le Fort III osteotomy, the nose, upper jaw, and cheek bones are moved together (and sometimes forward) in order to align with the forehead and chin. (orangecountysurgeons.org)
  • The "jaw osteotomy", either to the upper jaw or lower jaw (and usually both) allows (typically) an oral and maxillofacial surgeon to surgically align an arch of teeth, or the segment of a dental arch with its associated jawbone, relative to other segments of the dental arches. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immediate Teeth Replacement - Claim Medisave, PG, CHAS By Specialist Oral Surgeon, Not GPA dental implant is a small titanium screw which is surgically placed into the lower or upper jaw bone. (whatclinic.com)
  • The surgeon then closes the incisions with surgical staples or sutures. (casciosports.com)
  • Using pencil-sized instruments and two or three small incisions, the surgeon can remove bone spurs, loose fragments or a portion of the diseased synovium. (cedars-sinai.org)
  • For example, your surgeon may remove bone from the inner side of the lower leg to shift the weight toward the inner knee. (healthwise.net)
  • Your surgeon removes any parts of your big toe joint that have arthritis and then places screws in the toe to hold the bones together while they heal. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
  • Our team of surgeons, doctors and dental specialists will perform a thorough assessment and discuss options to enhance your appearance, ensuring that we meet your needs and provide you with a transformative experience. (whatclinic.com)
  • The general information answer is that a well fixed osteotomy of a metatarsal will generally clinically heal in the healthy patient with good circulation and no complicating factors in about 6 weeks. (foot-health-forum.com)
  • Osteotomy includes reducing as well as relocating the metatarsal bone to alter its placement in the joint. (noircon.info)
  • however, osteotomies are relatively invasive and fraught with potential complications. (medscape.com)
  • L Hodor American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, Lakewood Regional Medical Center, CA, USA. (japmaonline.org)
  • T Hess American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, Lakewood Regional Medical Center, CA, USA. (japmaonline.org)
  • The simulated osteotomies- preoperative bone models with simulated correction - and the performed osteotomies - postoperative bone models - were analyzed for residual differences in 3D alignment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In certain cases, your surgeon may recommend that you stay in hospital overnight. (bupa.co.uk)
  • It may cost about 50-60 thousands depending upon the surgeon and hospital. (ndtv.com)
  • He is now working as a hand and wrist surgeon at the hospital of AZ Monica, Antwerp, Belgium, with a special focus on sports-related injuries and the use of 3D technology in orthopaedics. (materialise.com)
  • The surgeon cuts into the tibia at an angle, separating the two sides to form a wedge-shaped opening, which is then filled with bone graft material. (casciosports.com)
  • The patient's knee if positioned so that the surgeon has clear access to it. (casciosports.com)
  • William works specifically as a knee surgeon treating all paediatric and adult knee conditions. (nuffieldhealth.com)